Aidin Salamzadeh, Samira Mortazavi, Morteza Hadizadeh and Vitor Braga
The onset of a crisis demands that businesses respond quickly and effectively. So, it might be helpful to examine the effect of business model innovation and how to increase its…
Abstract
Purpose
The onset of a crisis demands that businesses respond quickly and effectively. So, it might be helpful to examine the effect of business model innovation and how to increase its impact on better crisis management. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned objectives.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study is applied in terms of aim and a quantitative descriptive survey regarding the data collection method. The structural equation model with the partial least squares approach and Smart PLS 3 software was used for the structural analysis of the questionnaire.
Findings
The findings revealed that business model innovation could lead to better crisis management. In addition, the components of entrepreneurial capability, resilience and business performance played a mediating role.
Research limitations/implications
Some factors may mediate the effect of business model innovation on crisis management. Thus, future research can investigate them and identify their impact.
Practical implications
The present study suggests that managers should re-examine business model processes and make them innovative to improve crisis management.
Originality/value
The present study examines the factors that affect crisis management with an emphasis on innovation, assesses the impact of mediating factors in this regard and attempts to provide a model to facilitate better crisis management.
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Xiadi Li and Hanchuan Lin
Despite the importance of platform digitization capability to established firms, empirical research related to platform digitization capability, resource reconfiguration and…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the importance of platform digitization capability to established firms, empirical research related to platform digitization capability, resource reconfiguration and organizational resilience remains scarce. Based on resource action view and contingency theory, this study constructs an integrated theoretical framework to examine the mediation effect of resource reconfiguration and the moderation effect of environmental munificence in the relationship between resource reconfiguration and organizational resilience.
Design/methodology/approach
Survey data comprising 312 valid responses are collected from manufacturing firms in China. Partial least squares equation modeling (PLS) was used in this study to test the hypotheses.
Findings
Results showed that platform digitization capability is positively related to organizational resilience. Resource recombination and resource reallocation mediate the platform digitization capability–organizational resilience relationship. Furthermore, environmental munificence significantly strengthens the relationship between resource recombination and organizational resilience while weakens the relationship between resource reallocation and organizational resilience.
Originality/value
This study reveals the path of platform digitization capability affecting organizational resilience, discusses the different role of resource recombination and resource reallocation and makes incremental contributions to resource action view. It also studies the impact of resource reconfiguration on organizational resilience under the condition of environmental munificence, which provides a new perspective for the study of organizational resilience and enriches the application of contingency theory in the crisis context.
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The purpose of this paper is finding the optimal geometric parameters and developing of a method for optimizing a light unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing, maximizing, at the same…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is finding the optimal geometric parameters and developing of a method for optimizing a light unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing, maximizing, at the same time, its endurance with the assumed parameters of aircraft mission.
Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the experience gained by the author’s contribution to the project of building medium-altitude, long-endurance class, light UAV called “Samonit”. The author was responsible for the structure design, wind tunnel tests and flight tests of the “Samonit” aircraft. Based on the experience, the author was able to develop an optimization process considering various disciplines involved in the whole aircraft design topics such as aerodynamics, flight mechanics, structural stiffness and weight, aircraft stability and maneuverability. The presented methodology has a multidisciplinary nature, as in the process of optimization both aerodynamic aspects and the influence of wing geometric parameters on the wing structure and weight and the aircraft payload were taken into account. The optimal wing configuration was obtained using the genetic algorithms.
Findings
As a result, a set of wing geometrical parameters has been obtained that allowed for achieving twice as long endurance as compared with the initial one.
Practical implications
Using the methodology presented in the paper, an aircraft designer can easily find the optimum wing configuration of a designed aircraft, satisfying the mission requirements in a best way.
Originality/value
An original procedure has been developed, based on the actual design, wind tunnel tests and numerical calculations of “Samonit” aircraft, enabling the determination of optimum wing configuration for a small unmanned aircraft.
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Jayakrishnan Jayapal, Senthilkumaran Kumaraguru and Sudhir Varadarajan
This paper aims to propose a view similarity-based shape complexity metric to guide part selection for additive manufacturing (AM) and advance the goals of design for AM. The…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a view similarity-based shape complexity metric to guide part selection for additive manufacturing (AM) and advance the goals of design for AM. The metric helps to improve the selection process by objectively screening a large number of parts and identifying the parts most suited for AM and enabling experts to prioritize parts from a smaller set based on relevant subjective/contextual factors.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology involves calculating a part’s shape complexity based on the concept of view similarity, that is, the similarity of different views of the outer shape and internal cross-sectional geometry. The combined shape complexity metric (weighted sum of the external shape and internal structure complexity) has been used to rank various three dimensional (3D) models. The metric has been tested for its sensitivity to various input parameters and thresholds are suggested for effective results. The proposed metric’s applicability for part selection has also been investigated and compared with the existing metric-based part selection.
Findings
The proposed shape complexity metric can distinguish the parts of different shapes, sizes and parts with minor design variations. The method is also efficient regarding the amount of data and computation required to facilitate the part selection. The proposed method can detect differences in the mass properties of a 3D model without evaluating the modified parameters. The proposed metric is effective in initial screening of a large number of parts in new product development and for redesign using AM.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed metric is sensitive to input parameters, such as the number of viewpoints, design orientation, image resolution and different lattice structures. To address this issue, this study suggests thresholds for each input parameter for optimum results.
Originality/value
This paper evaluates shape complexity using view similarity to rank parts for prototyping or redesigning with AM.
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Nimah Bahreini Esfahani, Maryam Jafari and Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
Heavy metals constitute one of the most hazardous substances that could be accumulated in biota coming from human activities such as agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper…
Abstract
Purpose
Heavy metals constitute one of the most hazardous substances that could be accumulated in biota coming from human activities such as agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper aims to study the levels of some of the most common heavy metals in muscles of the fish caught in the Karun River (Ahvaz, Iran) and to assess the health risks associated with their consumption.
Design/methodology/approach
In present study, the concentrations of three heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) in the muscle of highly consumed fish species Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cyprinidae) collected from three selected markets (Khoram Kooshk, Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr; total number of samples was 45) in Ahvaz city and human health risk associated with their consumption were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Findings
The results indicated that the highest and lowest accumulated metal concentrations were related to Cu (20.36 ± 0.84) and Cd (0.53 ± 0.02), respectively. In addition, the mean difference for Pb and Cu across two pairwise of sampling sites were significant (Ahvaz-e Qadim and Khoram Kooshk, P for Pb = 0.025, P for Cu = 0.033; Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr, p for Pb = 0.018, p for Cu = 0.039). The estimated daily intake of all metals in muscles of fish in this study were below the legal limit, and mean differences were not statistically significant among the sampling sites, except for Cu (Ahvaz-e Qadim and Khoram Kooshk, p =0.048; Ahvaz-e Qadim and Padad Shahr, p =0.041). Target hazard quotient values were also all below 1.
Originality/value
It can be concluded that the fishes from Ahvaz city markets are comparatively clean and do not constitute a risk for human health.
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The paper aims to complement the six pillars analysis with the multi-level perspective to make it more systematic and policy relevant.
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to complement the six pillars analysis with the multi-level perspective to make it more systematic and policy relevant.
Design/methodology/approach
Take the innovation system foresight as the exemplar; the paper asks if the other systemic approaches to innovation can function as the middle range theory and underpin critical future studies. To answer, the paper combines the six-pillar approach (SPA) with the multilevel perspective (MLP) and builds “transitional foresight”. Then it takes the fourth pillar; transitional causal layered analysis and applies it to a case study: water stress in Iran. The paper concludes noting that in transitional foresight, the borderlines, the players and the orientations of the foresight are clearer than the six-pillar analysis.
Findings
The SPA and MLP-integrated framework make a powerful research instrument for transitional foresight.
Research limitations/implications
The paper applied the integrated framework to a case “water system in Iran”. But the framework should be applied in different cases in different countries to test its applicability.
Practical implications
The suggested framework can be used as a heuristics for the students and researchers who want to engage with the emancipatory perspective of the six-pillar approach and need to have an academic methodology with rigor and granularity.
Originality/value
The six-pillar approach of Sohail Inayatullah and the multilevel perspective of Geels can combine to make a powerful heuristic for transitional foresight.
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The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient algorithm for trajectory planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 2D spaces. This paper has been motivated by the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient algorithm for trajectory planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 2D spaces. This paper has been motivated by the challenge to develop a fast trajectory planning algorithm for autonomous UAVs through mid‐course waypoints (WPs). It is assumed that there is no prior knowledge of these WPs, and their configuration is computed as in‐flight procedure.
Design/methodology/approach
Since the off‐line techniques cannot be applied, it is required to apply an online trajectory planning algorithm. For this reason, based on the optimal control and the geometry, each segment of trajectory is designed with respect to a local frame. The algorithm is implemented as a real‐time manner in terms of the down‐range variable.
Findings
The proposed algorithm tries to find not only a feasible trajectory (the constraint includes the maximum heading angle rate) but also an optimal trajectory (the objective locally is to minimize the length of the path). This online trajectory planning algorithm gradually produces a smooth 2D trajectory aiming at reaching the mid‐course WPs and the final target so that they are smoothly connected with each other. The mid‐course WPs are described through the given down‐range, cross‐range, and heading angle.
Originality/value
Based on geometrical principles, this algorithm is capable of re‐planning the trajectory as in‐flight manner, and the computational burden approaches the online capabilities for UAVs with high velocity.
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Sondes Draief and Adel Chouaya
The aim of this study is to investigate whether debt maturity matters for the choice of earnings management strategy (i.e. accruals earnings management and real earnings…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate whether debt maturity matters for the choice of earnings management strategy (i.e. accruals earnings management and real earnings management).
Design/methodology/approach
The sample involves 486 American listed firms extracted from fortune 1,000 over the period 2006–2014. Panel data regression models are employed to empirically test the impact of short-term debt and long-term debt on manager's choice of earnings management form. The generalized least square technique is applied to estimate the parameters of the regression models.
Findings
The results show that managers are more likely to manage earnings through real activities and reduce their use of accruals earnings management once short debt is increasing because the latter induces heavy lender's scrutiny. The managers move hence to real earnings management due to a lower possibility of being discovered. Moreover, the results reveal a simultaneous use of accruals earnings management and real earnings management for firms with high long-term debt. This finding highlights that long-term debt does not produce regular lender's enforcement allowing managers to use both earnings management techniques to reach earnings targets.
Research limitations/implications
This research has two limitations. Like many other studies, the measure of discretionary accruals is subject to measurement errors. Moreover, the sample exclusively involves large firms extracted from Fortune 1,000. Therefore, the attained results may be not available for small and medium firms.
Practical implications
The findings have implications for both researchers and lenders. For researchers, the present work points out that the decision about the debt maturity structure is crucial for all managers because they establish their earnings management policy accordingly. For lenders, the findings imply that increasing scrutiny effectively constrains accounting manipulations but does not eliminate earnings management activities altogether. The managers move to another earnings management strategy (i.e. real earnings management). This evidence may support the lenders and the creditors in their decision-making processes.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the accounting literature by providing new and interesting evidence on the role of debt maturity on the trade-off between the earnings management tools. Prior studies provided mixed finding for the issue of earnings management in levered firms. The findings of this study should be viewed as a first step to understand the mixed results on this issue. While most papers focus on one earnings management form when they examine the earnings management in levered firms, the authors highlight the impact of debt on both accruals and real earnings management simultaneously.
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This chapter examines EI, presents a history of EI including the various models, and a discussion of the three streams approach to classifying EI literature. The author advocates…
Abstract
This chapter examines EI, presents a history of EI including the various models, and a discussion of the three streams approach to classifying EI literature. The author advocates for the efficacy of the Stream One Ability Model (SOAM) of EI citing previous authors and literature. The commonly used SOAM instruments are discussed in light of recent studies. The discussion turns to alternate tests of the SOAM of EI including Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs). Recommendations include an analysis of SOAM instruments, a new approach to measurement, and increased use of SJTs to capture the four-branch ability model of EI.
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Ala' Omar Dandis, Mohammad Al Haj Eid, Denis Griffin, Robin Robin and Arnt Kyawt Ni
This study examines factors that affect customer lifetime value (CLV) in fast-food restaurants (FFRs) in Jordan. These factors are relational benefits, brand experiences, service…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines factors that affect customer lifetime value (CLV) in fast-food restaurants (FFRs) in Jordan. These factors are relational benefits, brand experiences, service quality (SQ), satisfaction, trust and commitment.
Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was collected from a sample of 503 respondents. The authors used SPSS to test the constructs' relationships and analyse the data. SmartPLS was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings
In contrast to previous studies, not all dimensions of brand experiences and relational benefits had a significant and positive influence on relationship marketing outcomes (satisfaction, trust and commitment). On the other hand, results demonstrated that SQ had a significant and positive influence on relationship marketing outcomes. Furthermore, research reveals that satisfaction, trust and commitment significantly and positively influenced CLV.
Practical implications
Those FFRs that seek to enhance CLV should build solid and sustainable bonds with their customers. This paper concludes by stating its implications, its limitations and the opportunities available for future research.
Originality/value
This study, which is unique in the Middle East, includes essential strategies for managing customer relationship that can be universally applied to improve customer benefits and maximise the performance of businesses.