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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2002

L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, M. Lvovsky, O. Nepomnyashchy, Yu Volovik and R. Tenne

In the past few years, inorganic fullerene‐like (IF) supramolecules of metal dichalcogenide WS2 and MoS2 with structures closely related to (nested) carbon fullerenes and…

1131

Abstract

In the past few years, inorganic fullerene‐like (IF) supramolecules of metal dichalcogenide WS2 and MoS2 with structures closely related to (nested) carbon fullerenes and nanotubes have been synthesized. Recent experiments showed that IF added to oil and impregnated into the porous matrixes possess lubricating properties superior to those of layered WS2 and MoS2 (2H platelets). The main goal of this work was to analyze the mechanism of friction of fullerene‐like nanoparticles. Friction and wear behavior of IF in different contact conditions is studied. Third body model is considered. Sliding/rolling of the IF nanoparticles in the boundary of the first bodies and in between the wear particles (third body) is supposed to facilitate the shear of the lubrication film. Broken and oxidized 2H‐WS2 small pieces adhered to wear debris do not provide high tribological properties especially under high loads.

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Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 54 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 4 March 2014

Manu V. Thottackkad, P.K. Rajendrakumar and K. Prabhakaran Nair

– This manuscript aims to deal with the tribological property variations of engine oil (SAE15W40) by the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on weight percentage basis.

358

Abstract

Purpose

This manuscript aims to deal with the tribological property variations of engine oil (SAE15W40) by the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on weight percentage basis.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental studies on the influence of CuO nanoparticles utilised as an additive in lubricating oil (SAE15W40) under boundary lubrication conditions have been carried out using a pin-on-disc machine in accordance with ASTM G-99 standard. The variation of viscosity, coefficient of friction, wear and settling of nanoparticles has been studied as a function of particle concentration in the lubricant.

Findings

Results show that the frictional force and specific wear rate decrease with an increase in concentration of nanoparticles comes to a minimum at a specific concentration and then increases, showing the presence of an optimum concentration. With the increase in concentration of nanoparticles, the kinematic and dynamic viscosities, and the flash and fire points are found to increase.

Originality/value

The use of CuO nanoparticles as additives to a moderate level is a very efficient means of improving the tribological properties of lubricating oils.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 66 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 29 January 2025

Marialuisa Saviano, Asha Thomas, Marzia Del Prete, Daniele Verderese and Pasquale Sasso

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on integrating humans and technology in customer service within the framework of Society 5.0, which emphasizes the growing role of…

241

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on integrating humans and technology in customer service within the framework of Society 5.0, which emphasizes the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI). It examines how effectively new generative AI-based chatbots can handle customer emotions and explores their impact on determining the point at which a customer–machine interaction should be transferred to a human agent to prevent customer disengagement, referred to as the Switch Point (SP).

Design/methodology/approach

To evaluate the capabilities of new generative AI-based chatbots in managing emotions, ChatGPT-3.5, Gemini and Copilot are tested using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF). A reference framework is developed to illustrate the shift in the Switch Point (SP).

Findings

Using the four-intelligence framework (mechanical, analytical, intuitive and empathetic), this study demonstrates that, despite advancements in AI’s ability to address emotions in customer service, even the most advanced chatbots—such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Copilot—still fall short of replicating the empathetic capabilities of human intelligence (HI). The concept of artificial emotional awareness (AEA) is introduced to characterize the intuitive intelligence of new generative AI chatbots in understanding customer emotions and triggering the SP. A complementary rather than replacement perspective of HI and AI is proposed, highlighting the impact of generative AI on the SP.

Research limitations/implications

This study is exploratory in nature and requires further theoretical development and empirical validation.

Practical implications

The study has only an exploratory character with respect to the possible real impact of the introduction of the new generative AI-based chatbots on collaborative approaches to the integration of humans and technology in Society 5.0.

Originality/value

Customer Relationship Management managers can use the proposed framework as a guide to adopt a dynamic approach to HI–AI collaboration in AI-driven customer service.

Details

European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1460-1060

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Article
Publication date: 8 June 2015

Tatjana Maliar, Satish Achanta, Henrikas Cesiulis and Dirk Drees

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological behaviour of commercially available SAE 10 mineral and rapeseed oils containing Fe particles synthesized directly in…

238

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological behaviour of commercially available SAE 10 mineral and rapeseed oils containing Fe particles synthesized directly in the oil phase.

Design/methodology/approach

Sub-micron Fe particles (50-340 nm) were synthesized by wet chemical reduction reaction of FeSO4 by sodium borohydride in the rapeseed and mineral oils in the presence of surfactant: block copolymer (ENB 90R4) or oxyethylated alcohol (OS-20). A four-ball wear tribometer was used to investigate the tribological properties of mineral and rapeseed oil: coefficient of friction (COF), wear scar diameter and wear loss. Viscosity measurements of oil solutions and determination of synthesized Fe particles size were performed as well.

Findings

The presence of Fe particles (0.1 weight per cent) in the rapeseed and mineral oils caused the little change in the COF but resulted in marked improvement of anti-wear property. The oils containing Fe particles with slightly higher viscosity are giving more friction due to viscous drag. The anti-wear enhancement is attributed to the formation of tribofilm and superior load-bearing capability of the modified oil. Both rapeseed and mineral oils irrespective of used surfactant in the presence of 0.1 weight per cent Fe particles (50-140 nm) show sufficiently improved anti-wear properties.

Originality/value

The data collection about tribological behaviour of oils containing Fe particles and various additives in lubricants has a practical interest. The findings could be helpful to increase the knowledge of the behaviour of real tribological systems, where the metallic debris are generated during friction and contaminate the lubricating oil.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 67 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 27 September 2011

Yuh‐Yih Wu and Mu‐Jung Kao

Nanoparticles have been studied as additives to lubrication oils for reducing friction and wear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of nanofluid on engine oil…

6222

Abstract

Purpose

Nanoparticles have been studied as additives to lubrication oils for reducing friction and wear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of nanofluid on engine oil and friction reduction in a real engine.

Design/methodology/approach

The nanoparticles were prepared using a high‐temperature arc in a vacuum chamber to vaporize the Ti metal, and then condensed into a dispersant to form the TiO2 nanofluid, which was used as lubricant additive. Experiments were performed in both real engine running and test rig.

Findings

It was found that the engine oil with nanofluid additive with an ethylene glycol dispersant of nanoparticles, had gelled after 10‐h of engine running. The problem of oil gelation (jelly‐like) was solved by replacing the dispersant with paraffin oil. The engine oil with TiO2 nanoparticle additive exhibited lower friction force as compared to the original oil. The experiment showed that a smaller particle size exhibits better friction reduction with particle size ranging from 59 to 220 nm.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is restricted to findings based on the dispersed nanoparticles in fluid as additive for engine lubrication oil.

Practical implications

The test results are useful for the application of nanofluid additive for engine oil.

Originality/value

Most previous researches in this field were executed on tribotester, rather than the actual engine. This paper describes experimental methods and equipment designed to investigate the application of TiO2 nanofluid as lubricant additive in internal combustion engine.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 63 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 8 February 2016

Laura Peña-Parás, Demófilo Maldonado-Cortés, Jaime Taha-Tijerina, Patricio García-Pineda, Gerardo Tadeo Garza, Mariana Irigoyen, Jorge Gutiérrez and Dario Sánchez

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extreme pressure properties of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle additives with the incorporation of a surfactant within a synthetic fluid for…

315

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extreme pressure properties of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle additives with the incorporation of a surfactant within a synthetic fluid for metal-forming applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper studies the effect of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticle additives at various concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 wt. per cent) in a synthetic lubricant fluid under extreme pressure conditions. Oleic acid surfactant is added to the nanolubricant to improve dispersion and stability of nanoparticles. Extreme pressure tribological tests are performed on a four-ball T-02 tribotester according to the ITEePib Polish method for testing lubricants under conditions of scuffing.

Findings

The results show that the addition CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles under the presence of OA resulted in an increase of the load-carrying capacity (poz) of the lubricant up to 137 and 60 per cent, respectively. The seizure load was also increased by 50 and 15 per cent, respectively.

Practical implications

The results show that CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles can be successfully used as additives improving extreme pressure properties of lubricants.

Originality/value

This demonstrates the potential of nanoparticle additives using surfactants for improving the extreme pressure properties of lubricants. These nanolubricants can be used for metal-forming applications like deep-drawing, achieving an increased tool life.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 68 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 13 August 2018

Yan Li and Min Zhang

Due to stringent regulations on carbon emissions, green manufacturing has become a critical issue in manufacturers’ strategic planning. Manufacturers are greening production…

696

Abstract

Purpose

Due to stringent regulations on carbon emissions, green manufacturing has become a critical issue in manufacturers’ strategic planning. Manufacturers are greening production through carbon abatement activities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the effects of carbon abatement on environmental productivity growth.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data envelopment analysis with directional distance function, this study examines productivity growth associated with carbon abatement under regulated and unregulated production technologies. A pollution abatement index (PAI) is constructed for determining the effects of carbon abatement on environmental productivity growth. Panel data of 18 European countries in paper and pulp and coke sectors are collected for the analysis.

Findings

The empirical findings reveal that carbon abatement may positively or negatively affect environmental productivity growth which is dependent on the nature of technology in a sector, the innovation capabilities of a country and environmental regulations.

Originality/value

Conventional approaches in measuring productivity changes do not normally take undesired outputs (e.g. carbon emissions) into consideration. This study contributes to literature by constructing a PAI that considers productivity changes under a joint production technology (where both desired and undesired outputs are considered). The findings enhance current understandings on the effectiveness of carbon abatement activities and help managers establish corporate environmental strategies to adopt green manufacturing.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 118 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 10 August 2012

Juozas Padgurskas, Igoris Prosyčevas, Raimundas Rukuiža, Raimondas Kreivaitis and Artūras Kupčinskas

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using the iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles coated with copper layer as additives to base oils.

315

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using the iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles coated with copper layer as additives to base oils.

Design/methodology/approach

Fe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by a reduction modification method and added to mineral oil. The size and structure of prepared nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRF, AAS and XRD analysis. Tribological properties of modified lubricants were evaluated on a four‐ball machine in a model of sliding friction pairs.

Findings

Spectral and microscopy analysis evidently displayed the formation of Fe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles in suspensions of colloidal solutions and oil. The size of formed nanoparticles was in 15‐50 nm range. Tribological experiments show good lubricating properties of oils modified with Fe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles: higher wear resistance (55 per cent and 46 per cent accordingly) and lower friction coefficient (30 per cent and 26 per cent accordingly). The tests show that nanoparticles provide decreasing tendency of friction torque during the operation of friction pair.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates that iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles coated with copper layer, not only reduce the wear and friction decrease of friction pairs, but possibly also can create layer in oil which separates two friction surfaces and have some self‐organisation properties.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 64 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 10 July 2017

Alaa Mohamed, Mohamed Hamdy, Mohamed Bayoumi and Tarek Osman

This work describes the fabrication of composite nanogrease based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an additive at different volume concentrations 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 Wt.% and…

563

Abstract

Purpose

This work describes the fabrication of composite nanogrease based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an additive at different volume concentrations 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 Wt.% and investigates the correlation between CNTs and grease rheological behaviour. In addition, study the influence of shear thinning rate at various temperatures and investigates the thermal conductivity of nanogrease. The results demonstrated that grease behaves like a Newtonian viscoelastic material with a narrow linear domain. The thermal conductivity of nanogrease was enhanced by about 31.58 per cent, and the thermal and mechanical stabilities improved. Moreover, the apparent viscosity and dropping point increased by about 93 and 27 per cent, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

Grease was dissolved in chloroform (10 Wt.%), at 25°C for 1 h. In parallel, functionalized CNTs with different volume concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 Wt.%) were dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide; the dispersion was stirred for 15 min, and then sonicated (40 kHz, 150 W) for 30 min. Grease solution was then added to the CNTs. The nanofluid was magnetically stirred for 15 min and then sonicated for 2 h. This ensured uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluid.

Findings

Inexpensive and simple fabrication of nanogrease. Thermal conductivity of nanogrease was typically enhanced compared to other reported studies. Apparent viscosity and dropping point increases with the increase the volume concentration.

Originality/value

This work describes the inexpensive and simple fabrication of nanogrease for improving properties of lubricants, which improve power efficiency and extend lifetimes of mechanical equipment.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 69 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 8 August 2016

S. Shankar and P. Krishnakumar

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frictional characteristics of the mechanical seals by using an efficient pairing by providing a suitable lubricant. Among all…

220

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frictional characteristics of the mechanical seals by using an efficient pairing by providing a suitable lubricant. Among all techniques and lubrication, deposition of solid lubricants on the sliding surface of the mechanical seal was found to be the most effective method to reduce frictional coefficient, frictional force and seal face temperature, thereby increasing the life time of mechanical seal.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, two coatings, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and tungsten carbide/carbon (WC/C), was deposited over the stationary high-carbon high-chromium steel ring paired with resin-impregnated carbon. Their frictional characteristics were studied under various classes of liquid lubricants such as organic liquids, synthetic oil, mineral oil and vegetable oils using an experimental approach. Further, among all classes of liquid lubricants, the one which showed better frictional characteristics was mixed with 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% of potential environmental friendly solid lubricant – boric acid powder.

Findings

The high hardness and low surface roughness of DLC- and WC/C-coated seal with the lubricant of palm olein oil containing 1 wt% of boric acid powder contributed a hybrid tribofilm and resulted in low and stable friction coefficient in the range of 0.04-0.05 without any measurable wear.

Originality/value

A pair involving stationary DLC- and WC/C-coated seal ring and resin-impregnated carbon seal rotating ring for the application of mechanical seal was suggested and its frictional characteristics were studied under various classes of lubricants.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 68 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

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