D.H. Simpson, M. Koray and A. Sozer
In contrast to many European Industrial Relations Systems the one in Turkey is growing in size and importance as the Turkish Economy emerges into a fully developed one. Indeed the…
Abstract
In contrast to many European Industrial Relations Systems the one in Turkey is growing in size and importance as the Turkish Economy emerges into a fully developed one. Indeed the growth patterns there have been thrown into focus, not only by Turkey's position in the recent Gulf War, but also by her application to join the EEC, made in 1989 but deferred until 1995. This paper seeks to examine the emergent Turkish Industrial Relations system not only in the light of these growth patterns but also with regard to how far the Turkish Industrial Relations system matches a broad European pattern, both in practice and in legal regulation from the EEC itself.
Victor Sunday Aigbodion, Enyi C.C., Akinlabi E.T., Suleiman I.Y., Ezema I.C. and Mgbemene C.A.
This paper aims to investigate the parametric study of addition of snail shell particles (SSp) and bath temperature on the properties of Zn-ZnO-SSp composites coating.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the parametric study of addition of snail shell particles (SSp) and bath temperature on the properties of Zn-ZnO-SSp composites coating.
Design/methodology/approach
Bath temperatures of 60°C and 90°C and SSp of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25g were used in the electrodeposition. The microstructure, electrochemical, wear and hardness values of the coated samples were determined.
Findings
Highest coating thickness of 240 µm, 277 per cent improvement in hardness values, 66.67 per cent improvement of wear rate were obtained at bath temperature of 60oC and 15gSSp addition over that of the uncoated sample. There was improvement in corrosion resistance after composites coating. Maximum improvement in the properties was obtained at bath temperature of 60°C at 15gSSp addition.
Originality/value
It has been established in this work that bath treatment and SSps improved the properties of the developed coating.
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In Turkey, there has been a large increase in theactive working population, but a very modest risein the demand for labour. As a result, labourforceparticipation rates have…
Abstract
In Turkey, there has been a large increase in the active working population, but a very modest rise in the demand for labour. As a result, labourforce participation rates have constantly decreased during the last decades and work in the informal sector has grown. Problems such as underemployment, an unqualified young population and the growth of the informal sector certainly exist, but their solution seems a long way off due to internal and external economic conditions. Even though more active employment policies are urgently needed in the country, they are left off the agenda. However, realistic solutions can only be achieved in Turkey, and indeed worldwide, by radical changes in economic and social understanding which may bring about global rationalisation.
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– This study aims to determine the efforts in the topic of women in the direction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as one of the stakeholders of the companies.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine the efforts in the topic of women in the direction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as one of the stakeholders of the companies.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a survey of what has been written on the topic of women and CSR in Turkey. The data obtained, and the methodology used, come from Web sites belonging to the top 50 of Turkey’s 500 Big Industrial Organizations as determined by the Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ISO) and sustainability reports. The data obtained were assessed through content analysis; they were categorized by themes and sub-themes.
Findings
In analyzing the research data, CSR activities involving women as external and internal stakeholders were classified as direct, indirect or both.
Research limitations/implications
Because this study is qualitative in nature, the findings cannot be generalized. At the same time, as the enterprises in the state sector do not have CSR links, the results focus primarily on the private sector.
Practical implications
The results indicate that there have been efforts in Turkey to consider women as stakeholders in CSR activities; however, these efforts are limited.
Social implications
Women are a part of community and they are stakeholders to businesses. Businesses could support women with CSR activities.
Originality/value
A study such as this one of the role of women as stakeholders in Turkish enterprises may contribute to understanding the role of women in Turkey today.
Jaber Valizadeh, Peyman Mozafari and Ashkan Hafezalkotob
Waste production and related environmental problems have caused urban services management many problems in collecting, transporting and disposal of waste. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
Waste production and related environmental problems have caused urban services management many problems in collecting, transporting and disposal of waste. The purpose of this study is to design a new model for municipal waste collection vehicle routing problems with time windows and energy generating from waste. To this purpose, a bi-objective model is presented with the objectives of increasing the income of waste recycles and energy generation from waste and reducing emissions from environmental pollutants.
Design/methodology/approach
A bi-objective model is presented with the objectives of increasing income of recycles trade and energy generation and reducing emissions from environmental pollutants. Concerning the complexity of the model and its inability to solve large-scale problems, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithms are applied.
Findings
In this research, an integrated approach to urban waste collection modeling that coordinates the various activities of waste management in the city of Kermanshah and energy generation from waste are provided. Besides, this study calculates the criteria that show the environmental effects of municipal waste. The proposed model helps to collect municipal wastes in the shortest possible time in addition to reducing the total cost, revenues from the sale of recycled materials and energy production.
Originality/value
The proposed model boosts the current understanding of the waste management and energy generation of waste. The paper adds additional value by unveiling some key future research directions. This guidance may demonstrate possible existing and unexplored gaps so that researchers can direct future research to develop new processes.
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Introduction – Community media was created as an alternative to the ever-globalising and rapidly monopolised media industry. This media is a unity that does not seek profit…
Abstract
Introduction – Community media was created as an alternative to the ever-globalising and rapidly monopolised media industry. This media is a unity that does not seek profit, voices the demands and problems of the community it serves, seeks the benefit of the public, and its creators are members of the community. It is seen as a tool for the development of democracy and pluralism, and to increase social impact. The sustainability of this tool has emerged as a debated topic in recent years. Community media can both serve as a tool for sustainable development and can be defined as a part of sustainable communication. The sustainability of community media is all about making the presence of the communicative tools of the community permanent and sustainable, or to insure the continuation of the community’s channels of communication as a part of a specific strategy.
Purpose – In this chapter, the author will discuss the concepts of community media, sustainability and female-oriented non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and then attempt to explain the media usage habits and the factors that affect the sustainability of the preferred channels of the female-oriented NGOs in İzmir.
Methodology – The study has been designed using a case study design based on qualitative research methods. Data have been collected via document analysis and in-depth face-to-face interviews. The data acquired were analysed descriptively.
Findings – Findings from the study show that the financial, content production-related, technical, and legal factors affect the sustainability of community media.
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Multinational companies whose importance has increased or improved depending on global capitalisation and travelling around the world without knowing borders have activities in…
Abstract
Multinational companies whose importance has increased or improved depending on global capitalisation and travelling around the world without knowing borders have activities in developing countries due to suitable conditions (e.g. cheap workers costs, flexible legal arrangements). In this study, the precautions set forth to prevent environmental troubles, to obliterate or to minimise it, are the activities undertaken by the multinational companies which are considered. In the study, Turkey as a case country in which this subject was studied. Globalisation is the last step of economical sovereignty set up by means of multinational companies all over the world by capitalism which affects our age deeply. Unlimited capital stocks of capitalism and its economical development aim “whatever the result is” fastens the problems internationally as a result of not recognizing the social developments and justice, inequality, poverty and unsocializing people in developing countries. As a result of this, we're having environmental problems, the speed of nature's being consumed has been increased and there have been troubles almost every field of the social lives. However there is no one else who accepts the responsibilities of cost and social policies in the global economies in which international capital and global corporations decide on the rules; there is also no one else who accepts the responsibilities of environmental pollution and natural possessions' destruction as the result of the activities of international capital and global companies. The reason for this is that it is assumed that the government must take the responsibility “to protect and to development the environment”. According to this idea, protecting and developing the environment has been supplying public use and public service. Thus public service is the duty of the state. Environmental rights subject, known as third generation rights or corporation rights, is to protect the environment and to development it. People who have the environmental rights are those actors who will make use of these rights and who will have the responsibilities of these rights. The people who will make use of these rights and who will have the responsibilities are generally the same actors. These are not only the people but also public and special institutions including communities; states and public; and the next generation. In this case, all the right owners who have the rights to live in a healthy and well balanced environment are obliged to protect and to development the environment at the same time, including the multinational companies. Every economic activity has an effect on the environment. Multinational companies have activities in the fields like gold mining, petrol, chemicals and food industry which have high potential effects on the environment in developing countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Nigeria. On this point the question why multinational companies choose these countries should be answered. The answer doesn't only help to explain the issue's political sides but also it could show that the most dirtying foreign capital activities take place in developing countries. Why multinational companies have chosen these developing countries was studied under two titles. (1) Dirtying industries are choosing the countries which don't have severe legal arrangements, (2) The public opinion in developing countries is unconscious of the harms that economical activities give to the environment. If the first finding hadn't been true, the activities in most polluting sectors wouldn't have been directed to the countries where environmental laws are flexible/flexibly practised. Besides, the public opinion in these low educational level countries doesn't have enough knowledge about the environmental problems and importance of environment. This information also gives assurance to the multinational companies that they don't face with the opposing activities of the public there. Nevertheless, foreign capital is wanted by these countries to supply new technologies, to supply the political and economical support of the countries which export development and capital, to open their economy to other countries and to protect the environment of the country. But, in practice, these countries which are under pressure to pay their debts don't pay attention to the ecological defects of the activities let the multinational companies to settle in the country, import the wastes which supply currency entrance, to be stored in the national borders and to be reused without evaluation. Foreign capital entrance in gold mining fields is a small example about being served and defended as a gold opportunity to pay Turkey's foreign debts. As a result, multinational companies are unsuccessful in sharing environmental responsibilities in the developing countries. Multinational companies have been making use of the opportunities that the environment presents but they don't do their duties to environmental rights. The efforts by multinational companies have been improving as prevention of increasing the environmental standards. Related to this, in the countries mentioned and also in Turkey, where economical activity fields like ecological sensitivity isn't assured enough by law and isn't protected wholly is a kind of great danger for Turkey.
Chao Wang, Yongkang Sun, Ming K. Lim, Pezhman Ghadimi and Amir Hossein Azadnia
With rapid industrialization and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a serious challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Beijing…
Abstract
Purpose
With rapid industrialization and urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a serious challenge worldwide, especially in developing countries. The Beijing Municipality is a representative example of many local governments in China that are facing MSW management issues. Although there have been studies in the area of MSW management in the literature, less attention has been devoted to developing a structured framework that identifies and interprets the barriers to MSW management in megacities, especially in Beijing. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying a comprehensive list of barriers affecting the successful implementation of MSW management in Beijing.
Design/methodology/approach
Through an extensive review of related literature, 12 barriers are identified and classified into five categories: government, waste, knowledge dissemination, MSW management process and market. Using an integrated approach including the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), maximum mean de-entropy algorithm (MMDE) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM), a conceptual structural model of MSW implementation barriers is constructed to provide insights for industrial decision-makers and policymakers.
Findings
The results show that a lack of economic support from the government, imperfect MSW-related laws and regulations, the low education of residents and the lack of publicity of waste recycling knowledge are the main barriers to MSW management in Beijing. Combined with expert opinions, the paper provides suggestions and guidance to municipal authorities and industry practitioners to guide the successful implementation of MSW management.
Practical implications
The findings of this study can provide a reference for MSW management in other metropolises in China and other developing countries.
Originality/value
This study proposes a hybrid DEMATEL-MMDE-ISM approach to resolve the subjectivity issues of the traditional ISM approach and it analyzes the barriers that hinder MSW management practices in Beijing.
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Gender analysis of the narratives of low-income divorcées in big cities of Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir shows that their lives are under patriarchal domination. Women are subjected…
Abstract
Gender analysis of the narratives of low-income divorcées in big cities of Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir shows that their lives are under patriarchal domination. Women are subjected to all kinds of violence in their marriage and escape it by getting a divorce. Their lives are vulnerable as the increasing numbers of lone mothers are neither morally nor socially accepted in Turkish society. The patriarchal family ideal exacerbates the situation of lone mothers who become stigmatized as divorcées. Divorce is considered a ‘shame’ for women, and the ideology of family is used as a political tool where persistent conservative bias ignores wife battering, rape and other types of abuse in society.
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Yildiz Ecevit, Ayse Gündüz‐Hosgör and Ceylan Tokluoglu
This paper focuses on the professional women, who work in high status jobs, such as system analysts and computer programming, in Turkey. It aims to explain their high share in the…
Abstract
This paper focuses on the professional women, who work in high status jobs, such as system analysts and computer programming, in Turkey. It aims to explain their high share in the sector and the various coping strategies employed by the women as a response to the demands of their work. The findings of the research illustrate that these women appear to be young, university graduates who were born and live in urban centres and who are demanded by the sector particularly for their high qualifications. On the other hand, these women work hard, postpone marriage or not marry at all. Those women, who are married, manage work without a radical redefinition of their marital roles. This research is relevant as empirical research has not been conducted with the women in this sector in Turkey. Further empirical work is now necessary in order to explain their working conditions in detail. Future research should also inquire whether this sector would open up new windows of opportunity for women.