Dyanne Brendalyn Mirasol-Cavero and Lanndon Ocampo
University department efficiency evaluation is a performance assessment on how departments use their resources to attain their goals. The most widely used tool in measuring the…
Abstract
Purpose
University department efficiency evaluation is a performance assessment on how departments use their resources to attain their goals. The most widely used tool in measuring the efficiency of academic departments in data envelopment analysis (DEA) deals with crisp data, which may be, often, imprecise, vague, missing or predicted. Current literature offers various approaches to addressing these uncertainties by introducing fuzzy set theory within the basic DEA framework. However, current fuzzy DEA approaches fail to handle missing data, particularly in output values, which are prevalent in real-life evaluation. Thus, this study aims to augment these limitations by offering a fuzzy DEA variation.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a more flexible approach by introducing the fuzzy preference programming – DEA (FPP-DEA), where the outputs are expressed as fuzzy numbers and the inputs are conveyed in their actual crisp values. A case study in one of the top higher education institutions in the Philippines was conducted to elucidate the proposed FPP-DEA with fuzzy outputs.
Findings
Due to its high discriminating power, the proposed model is more constricted in reporting the efficiency scores such that there are lesser reported efficient departments. Although the proposed model can still calculate efficiency no matter how much missing and unavailable, and uncertain data, more comprehensive data accessibility would return an accurate and precise efficiency score.
Originality/value
This study offers a fuzzy DEA formulation via FPP, which can handle missing, unavailable and imprecise data for output values.
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Kiran Mehta, Renuka Sharma and Vishal Vyas
This study aims to assign efficiency score and then ranking the Indian companies known for best practices to control carbon-emission in the environment. It is destined to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assign efficiency score and then ranking the Indian companies known for best practices to control carbon-emission in the environment. It is destined to benchmark one company for best performance on the basis of selected alternatives among its peer group companies.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study has used a hybrid model by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA)-technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to measure the efficiency and ranking of various decision units on the basis of specified variables.
Findings
The findings of DEA have given the best alternative or best decision-making unit (DMU) among the set of 25 DMUs considered for empirical testing. The DEA technique is used with TOPSIS, which is another popular multi-criteria decision model. The integrated DEA-TOPSIS model has helped to compute the efficiency score of all 25 DMUs of study and also provide a unique rank to each of the efficient unit identified with the help of DEA technique.
Practical implications
The findings of the study have provided Benchmark Company amongst the companies following best practices for saving energy and having best operating profits too. This benchmark business unit can be studied extensively by peer group companies to compare various parameters affecting their efficiency and profits both.
Social implications
The findings of the study will promote the socially responsible practices by corporate citizens and adopt the practices to reduce their carbon footprints. It will also suggest to socially responsible investors to select the benchmark and most efficient companies for investment purpose.
Originality/value
The study is original in terms of measuring efficiency and ranking of companies known for best practices for controlling their carbon footprints and suggesting a benchmark company to its peer group. Also, the integrated approach of using DEA-TOPSIS for such type of studies also makes it distinctive from earlier work done in the related field.
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Aslı Günay and Murat Ali Dulupçu
The purpose of this paper is to measure the financial efficiency and productivity of 23 public universities founded in 1992 in Turkey over the period between 2004 and 2013. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure the financial efficiency and productivity of 23 public universities founded in 1992 in Turkey over the period between 2004 and 2013. The results obtained will provide managerial information and act as a guide to public universities’ administrations, in using their resources more effectively.
Design/methodology/approach
Data envelopment analysis is applied to assess the relative financial efficiency of these universities, while Malmquist total factor productivity index is used to measure the total factor productivity change concerning financial inputs of the universities.
Findings
The number of financially efficient universities and the number of universities showing an increase in their productivity according to their financial inputs change annually and both of them display a rough trend over the years. A decrease of about 5 percent in the financial productivity of the universities is observed which stems from a technological recession. Therefore, public universities in Turkey are not able to develop effective policies to diversify, increase and use their financial resources.
Originality/value
When the lack of studies within the literature measuring the financial efficiency of higher education institutions is taken into account, this study can fill a gap in this area. The analyses conducted here distinguish from existing studies on this subject with regards to the extent and diversity of financial data set and the measurement of both efficiency and productivity change of universities considering financial inputs concurrently.
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Roopteja Tamatam, Pankaj Dutta, Goutam Dutta and Stefan Lessmann
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relative efficiencies of banks of the Indian domestic banking sector by employing various models of data envelopment analysis (DEA…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the relative efficiencies of banks of the Indian domestic banking sector by employing various models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) using the panel data of the recent decade (2008–2017). The paper provides a comparative analysis of these models based on the efficiency outputs. It compares the performance of banks based on their ownership and sizes and studies the decade-long trend of productivity using Malmquist indices.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper estimates overall technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of 21 public sector banks and 17 private banks. It compares the descriptive statistics of efficiency estimates found out through 18 different DEA models and compares them using two non-parametric statistical tests. It studies the difference in efficiencies based on ownership and size by applying the same statistical tests. It employs the Malmquist index method to study the technological and technical progress in the banks’ productivity over the decade of FY 2008–FY 2017.
Findings
During FY 2016–2017, only 9 out of 38 banks were overall technically efficient with the whole sample having a mean overall technical inefficiency of 5 percent with scale inefficiency contributing more than pure technical inefficiency. The comparative study ascertains that private sector and public sector banks (PSBs) possess efficiencies that are similar based on super-efficiency slack-based model – variable returns to scale and non-oriented, a model that the authors argue to be the most suitable for the real-life business banking scenarios whereas the private sector banks possess better efficiency than the PSBs. The Malmquist indices prove that private sector banks have a higher increase in productivity based on both technological progress and efficiency improvements whereas PSBs had a loss of efficiency and comparatively less improvement in technology.
Research limitations/implications
This study has a limitation of choosing a single model of inputs and outputs. Improved insights can be drawn by employing more models based on different inputs and outputs. Further, relevance of each input and output can be examined using a regression-based feedback mechanism (Ouenniche and Carrales, 2018). The influence of environmental factors on the efficiencies can be studied using second-stage regression models and the relationship between efficiency scores and financial ratios can be examined.
Originality/value
This study is based on the panel data of the recent decade (2008–2017) and provides insights into the efficiency scenario of the Indian banking industry and how it changed over the past decade, to the leadership of banks, the banking regulators and the policy makers. The comparative analysis of DEA models based on a sample of Indian banks is first of its kind in the Indian context and helps the researchers to select an appropriate model and delve into further research on the same.
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Jorge Moreno-Gómez, Jonathan Calleja-Blanco and Gloria Moreno-Gómez
The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of the Colombian higher education system, differentiating between public and private universities.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficiency of the Colombian higher education system, differentiating between public and private universities.
Design/methodology/approach
A data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is applied to separately and jointly evaluate the teaching and research efficiencies of universities. The empirical application considers a sample of 78 Colombian universities across the period 2015–2017. A two-stage DEA is performed in which DEA scores are first evaluated and then regressed on potential covariates via truncated regression.
Findings
Public universities outperform their private counterparts in terms of teaching and research efficiency, whereas private universities have higher global efficiency. Furthermore, the proportion of PhD faculty positively impacts all dimensions of efficiency and in fact is the only variable improving research efficiency.
Research limitations/implications
First, the data do not permit a direct analysis of the impact of improvements in resources or capabilities on knowledge transfer. Second, policies and their efficiency may be influenced by differences in cultural contexts, regulatory frameworks and knowledge transfer activities. Finally, the country specificity of this research study calls for obvious caution when generalizing and interpreting its findings.
Practical implications
The analysis of this data set will help decision and policy makers identify resources that are used efficiently by universities and interventions for improving resource management by inefficient universities.
Originality/value
Few studies have addressed the efficiency of higher education in developing economies. This paper contributes to the literature by applying a two-stage methodological approach to estimate the efficiency of Colombian universities and provide a better understanding of the factors driving university efficiency.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the research efficiency of the research universities in Türkiye and to identify potential areas for improvement and to examine the factors…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the research efficiency of the research universities in Türkiye and to identify potential areas for improvement and to examine the factors affecting efficiency.
Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, data envelopment analysis was conducted with the output-oriented Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model with five-year article and citation counts data of 23 universities which were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection.
Findings
The findings of the study show that only eight research universities are efficient. There are areas of development for universities to be effective. In addition, the findings of the regression analysis conducted to reveal the determinants of efficiency revealed significant results.
Research limitations/implications
Research universities in Türkiye should allocate their resources in a way to increase research performance. Policies should be developed to increase the number of publications and, more importantly, the quality of publications.
Originality/value
Potential areas for improvement were identified for the universities to become efficient. The results revealed that both publication quality and productivity need to be improved, but there is more room for improvement in publication quality. Regression analysis with the determinants of efficiency scores shows that the development level of the region where the universities are located has a positive effect on the research efficiency of universities. In addition, it is concluded that smaller universities have better efficiency scores.
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Isabel Brusca, Sandra Cohen, Francesca Manes-Rossi and Giuseppe Nicolò
The purpose of this study is to compare of the way intellectual capital (IC) is disclosed in the websites of the universities in three European countries to assess the way…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare of the way intellectual capital (IC) is disclosed in the websites of the universities in three European countries to assess the way universities decide to communicate IC to their stakeholders and identify potential patterns and trends. In addition, the relation between the level and the type of IC Web disclosure in universities and academic rankings as a proxy of performance is explored to reveal interrelations.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a sample of 128 universities coming from Greece (22), Italy (58) and Spain (48). The websites of the universities are content-analysed to measure the level of IC disclosure. The IC disclosure metrics are then correlated with the academic rankings of the World Ranking.
Findings
While the level of IC disclosure among universities and among countries is not homogeneous, human capital and internal capital items are more heavily disclosed compared to external capital items in all three countries. In addition, larger universities in terms of number of students tend to disclose more on IC. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the level of IC Web disclosure and the academic ranking that challenges the IC disclosure strategies followed by the universities.
Originality/value
The paper represents an innovative contribution to the existing literature as it investigates websites to assess the level of IC disclosure provided by universities in a comparative perspective. Furthermore, it analyses the relationship between the online IC disclosure and European universities’ academic rankings and provides evidence on the interaction between the IC disclosure and the ecosystem in which the universities operate contributing to the fourth stage of IC research.
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Sunil Kumar Jauhar, Hossein Zolfagharinia and Saman Hassanzadeh Amin
This research is about embedding service-based supply chain management (SCM) concepts in the education sector. Due to Canada's competitive education sector, the authors focus on…
Abstract
Purpose
This research is about embedding service-based supply chain management (SCM) concepts in the education sector. Due to Canada's competitive education sector, the authors focus on Canadian universities.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop a framework for evaluating and forecasting university performance using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to assist education policymakers. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated based on information from 16 Canadian universities and by investigating their teaching and research performance.
Findings
The major findings are (1) applying the service SCM concept to develop a performance evaluation and prediction framework, (2) demonstrating the application of DEA-ANN for computing and predicting the efficiency of service SCM in Canadian universities, and (3) generating insights to enable universities to improve their research and teaching performances considering critical inputs and outputs.
Research limitations/implications
This paper presents a new framework for universities' performance assessment and performance prediction. DEA and ANN are integrated to aid decision-makers in evaluating the performances of universities.
Practical implications
The findings suggest that higher education policymakers should monitor attrition rates at graduate and undergraduate levels and provide financial support to facilitate research and concentrate on Ph.D. programs. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis indicates that selecting inputs and outputs is critical in determining university rankings.
Originality/value
This research proposes a new integrated DEA and ANN framework to assess and forecast future teaching and research efficiencies applying the service supply chain concept. The findings offer policymakers insights such as paying close attention to the attrition rates of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In addition, prioritizing internal research support and concentrating on Ph.D. programs is recommended.
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The objective of this paper is to advance research concerning the factors affecting the intentions to start-up. In this vein, scholars are more and more interested in perceptual…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this paper is to advance research concerning the factors affecting the intentions to start-up. In this vein, scholars are more and more interested in perceptual variables, i.e. subjective perceptions that may affect individuals’ intentions to start-up. These can have an internal locus of control (PVIs), if they depend on personal cognitive styles, or an external locus of control (PVEs), if they depend on how individuals perceive environmental stimuli. Usually, scholars investigate them at a micro-level of analysis, by focusing on individuals in a country. Instead, this paper adopts a macro-level analysis. Thus, the research question at the basis of this paper is: whether the impact of perceptual variables (with an internal or external locus of control) on the intentions to start-up varies across countries.
Design/methodology/approach
Stochastic frontier analyses – SFAs are carried out since they allow disentangling technical and random inefficiencies and comparing statistical results. SFAs are based on data retrieved from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and refer to PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain) and BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries where entrepreneurship is a vibrant phenomenon, but cultural and economic differences are manifest.
Findings
Concerning the drivers of entrepreneurship, achieved results reveal that some differences exist across PIGS and BRICs countries, but they cannot be generalized so easily.
Originality/value
This paper reveals its originality in reference to the classification of the variables, the macro-level of analysis, and the results that – at the same time – are in line with previous ones, but also offer new insights about perceptual variables in entrepreneurship and – at a wider extent – about the drivers of entrepreneurship.
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Maria Katharaki and Marios Tsakas
The aim of this paper is to study the technical and scale efficiency of a set of tax offices (Inland Revenue) in Greece during the period 2001‐2006.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to study the technical and scale efficiency of a set of tax offices (Inland Revenue) in Greece during the period 2001‐2006.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used to estimate efficiency scores and Greek tax office ranking was the data envelopment analysis. In addition window analysis was used to detect efficiency trends and stability over time. Tobit analysis was applied to explain whether non‐discretionary factors play a role in tax office's performance.
Findings
The results underline that “scale size” and the structure of regional economy where tax offices operate are important factors affecting their efficiency.
Research limitations/implications
Despite the limitations related to the data set, the empirical work suggests that future research may need to concentrate on the dynamic factors i.e. characteristics of the regional where the tax office is situated which could play a significant role in a tax office performance.
Practical implications
The analysis provides information on tailor‐made political and administrative measures that can lead to improvements in the general infrastructure behind the tax office system in Greece.
Originality/value
Considering that the emerging results needed to be evaluated and considered with a sceptical eye, the present study simply highlights the importance of the information (without sensationalizing it) from the policymakers' perspective and in so doing perhaps provide an additional information resource on which they can base their decisions and policies.