F. Bahar Ozdogan and M. Hakan Altintas
The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating effects of parent‐child co‐viewing of TV and parents' discussion of content with children in the context of the family's…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating effects of parent‐child co‐viewing of TV and parents' discussion of content with children in the context of the family's effect on children's skepticism towards TV advertising.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 296 consumers aged 12 to 16 in Ankara was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Constructs were measured using established scales.
Findings
It was observed that the co‐viewing of advertisements with parents increased the family effect. On the other hand, discussion of advertising with parents reduced the family effect. The conclusion was that parent‐child co‐viewing of advertisements can alter the children's perceptions of advertisements through personal assessments.
Research limitations/implications
This is an exploratory study and has limited generalizability as it has been conducted solely in one city, Ankara, Turkey. Any further research should include perspectives from other cities in Turkey and from other countries. In addition, frequency of TV viewing has not been taken into account. Further research could investigate gender differences and cohort effects on the issues investigated in this study.
Practical implications
The design of advertisements should include perceptions of both parents and children in order to convey meaningful messages in advertising. Furthermore, advertisers should take into account the ecology of viewing in the household where Turkish people in extended families view TV commercials.
Originality/value
Although the issue of adolescents and advertising is widely explored in the USA, there has been limited investigation on adolescents' receptivity to advertising in other cultures. Although it is likely that some aspects of adolescent consumer behavior are universal across cultures, studies such as that documented in this paper provide opportunities to investigate what is happening in different settings.
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Füsun Altıntas, Feride Bahar Kurtulmusoglu, Murat Hakan Altintas, Hans-Rudiger Kaufmann and Sanem Alkibay
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive model of the relationship between control and sales performance contingent upon the commitment and adaptive selling…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive model of the relationship between control and sales performance contingent upon the commitment and adaptive selling variables. Specifically, the study tests the mediator effects of adaptive selling and organizational commitment on the effect of managerial control systems on self-assessed performance of the salespeople working in the field of industrial marketing.
Design/methodology/approach
In total, 472 firms active in the industrial marketing field for tangible industry products in Turkey were selected for the research. The proposed model that tested posits relationships among management control variables and adaptive selling, organizational commitment and sales performance measures. Management controls are related to sales performance through the mediating effect of adaptive selling and organizational commitment. Management control styles (output as formal and professional as informal) were the independent variables, while changes in organizational commitment and adaptive selling were tested both as mediators and sales performance as dependent variable, consistent with the reciprocal effects model under analysis.
Findings
The findings demonstrated that “control” is positively associated with “sales performance” and “commitment” and “adaptive selling” mediate this relationship. Findings indicate that control impacts sales performance through a mediating mechanism that involves adaptive selling and commitment. Taken together, results showed that adaptive selling and commitment played a critical role in sales performance.
Originality/value
This research is the first to empirically analyse the model regarding the relationship between sales performance, control, adaptive selling and commitment variables.
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Cuneyt Caliskan and K. Hakan Altintas
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the time, place and ambulance types specified on the ambulance patient registry forms for cases transferred through 112 EMS in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the time, place and ambulance types specified on the ambulance patient registry forms for cases transferred through 112 EMS in the Bozcaada and Gökçeada island districts of the province of Çanakkale.
Design/methodology/approach
The universe of the descriptive – cross-sectional epidemiological study was composed of the ambulance patient registration forms of the cases which were transferred from Bozcaada and Gökçeada islands between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013.
Findings
Of the transfers made, 28.1 percent were in the year 2012, 39.5 percent were in summer, 16.6 percent were in July, 17.9 percent were on Monday, 37.1 percent were between 12.00 and 17.59 h and 61.5 percent were from Gökçeada island. Ground ambulances were more common in the transfers from Bozcaada island, while ambulance boat and helicopter ambulance were more common for transfers from Gökçeada island. Helicopter-Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) (p<0.001), which is commonly preferred for patient transfers, inversely affects the use of Ambulance Boat-Emergency Medical Service (BEMS) and ground ambulances. Transfers from Bozcaada island were found to be shorter in duration, and the number of transfers from Bozcaada island between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than from Gökçeada island (p<0.001), while the number of transfers via ground ambulance between 00.00 and 05.59 h were found to be higher than the other ambulance types (p<0.001).
Practical implications
This study reveals the current state of the various referral routes from the islands.
Originality/value
This paper is the first study to demonstrate the characteristics of patients referred from the island belongs to Turkey.
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Murat Hakan Altintaş and Tuncer Tokol
To examine the antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism, specifically with respect to Turkish consumers' attitudes to products originating in Europe.
Abstract
Purpose
To examine the antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism, specifically with respect to Turkish consumers' attitudes to products originating in Europe.
Design/methodology/approach
Antecedents identified from the literature are allocated to one of three main constructs: xenophobia, negative attitudes towards foreigners (not the same phenomenon, it is argued) and conservatism. A web‐based questionnaire is developed, tested and successfully administered to a national sample of 540 individuals with e‐mail accounts. Consumer ethnocentrism is measured by the well‐tested CETSCALE. Results are analyzed by structural equation modelling, a path diagram generated and six hypotheses tested.
Findings
All but one of the hypotheses were accepted. Xenophobia is found to have the greatest influence consumer ethnocentrism among Turkish consumers, and is also a leading factor in the interactions among the antecedents. Conservatism is the second‐most influential element of the model.
Research limitations/implications
Other antecedents might have been identified and added to the conceptual framework. The timeframe of data collection was very specific. The large sample size and its apparent representativeness encourage confident generalisation of the findings, though the concept of “Europe” could usefully be refined to specific countries in future studies.
Practical implications
International marketers now have clear evidence that xenophobia and conservatism are important antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism, and should plan their intelligence gathering and campaign strategy accordingly.
Originality/value
This study both supports and adds to the existing literature. The findings clearly impinge on the somewhat separate literature of country‐of‐origin effects and branding.
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Murat Hakan Altintas, Demetris Vrontis, Hans Ruediger Kaufmann and Ilan Alon
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of micro‐environmental international entrepreneurship and the macro‐environmental market forces on domestic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of micro‐environmental international entrepreneurship and the macro‐environmental market forces on domestic institutionalization of the industrial sector. In doing so, the paper examines the moderating effect of the degree of internationalization on the relationship between domestic market forces and domestic sectoral institutionalization.
Design/methodology/approach
Based upon the creation of the item pools “domestic sectoral institutionalization”, “market forces” and “degree of internationalization” derived from previous research, an applied Delphi technique and a representative sample of 149 exporters in Turkey, a survey using a web‐based questionnaire was conducted. All scales were designed and a number of hypotheses were validated. Results were analyzed by the principal components of factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and moderated hierarchical regression.
Findings
The empirical analysis resulted in an interaction effect of two sub‐elements of the market forces (trust and organization) and internationalization. The findings imply that internationalization can make an important contribution to the institutionalization of the domestic industrial sector. The paper confirms the findings of previous research on the significant importance of trust for institutionalization. Summarizing, it was found that internationalization significantly and positively moderates the effect of trust on institutionalization. Interestingly, however, internationalization negatively moderates the effect of organization on institutionalization implying that the learning process and experiences created by internationalization cause a higher level of structural adaptation.
Originality/value
This paper innovatively sheds light upon the interrelationship between macro environmental market forces, internationalization of entrepreneurship and domestic institutionalization. In doing so, it relates various disciplines, as national and international entrepreneurial behavior, with sociological aspects such as institutionalization for the sake of achieving important macro economic objectives, especially for countries in transition. The comprehensive, reliable and valid research methodology can be applied when researching this topic with important economic implications for transitional economies in other research settings.
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Ali Kemal Celik, Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, Adah-Kole Emmanuel Onjewu and Paul Jones
The export entry behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a complex behaviour that requires specific tools for a holistic investigation. Thus far, there are…
Abstract
The export entry behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a complex behaviour that requires specific tools for a holistic investigation. Thus far, there are inconclusive findings in the literature on key predictors of export behaviour, which may be explained by methodological limitations. In this chapter, using a novel fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis for its ability to capture complex causality, the authors study the impact of managerial attributes and collaborative behaviours on SMEs’ export propensity. The analysis is based on a sample of 80 SMEs operating in the emerging country context of Turkey. Participants were selected using a non-probability sampling approach. For export propensity, it is found that no single driver is sufficient to facilitate SMEs’ export entry. Rather, a combination of managerial attributes including export knowledge, international orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and export perception is more likely to lead to export entry. Alternatively, the lack of some of these attributes could be offset by the presence of collaborative activities. Specifically, the shortage of export knowledge, international orientation and entrepreneurial orientation at any rate could be mitigated by collaborative activities. These findings hold important implications for SMEs and export promotion organisations in similar emerging contexts.
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Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, Adah-Kole Onjewu, Paul Jones and Robert Newbery
Based on an institutional approach to explaining firms’ internationalisation, this paper aims to empirically investigate the role of Export Promotion Programmes (EPPs) in…
Abstract
Purpose
Based on an institutional approach to explaining firms’ internationalisation, this paper aims to empirically investigate the role of Export Promotion Programmes (EPPs) in moderating the influence of export barriers perceptions on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) propensity to export.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses evidence from Algeria, the largest North-African country. The data were collected using an online questionnaire, targeting SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector. The study considers the influence of procedural, informational, environmental and functional barriers on export propensity, to uncover the moderating role of trade missions, trade shows and export seminars and workshops on such relationships. To examine these links, five main hypotheses are proposed and tested through a non-linear partial least squares structural equation modelling on a sample of 128 Algerian SMEs.
Findings
The results show that while internal barriers decrease firms’ export propensity, EPPs including trade fairs and shows may independently pose either a positive or negative influence on such relationships.
Research limitations/implications
The study confirms the applicability of the institutional perspective to explaining firms’ internationalisation. More importantly, the present study highlights the role of EPPs in moderating the influence of export barriers perceptions on SMEs’ international market entry, a role neglected by the extant empirical literature.
Practical implications
The current findings hold important implications to export promotion organisations operating in African countries. Notably, the results reveal that some programmes could have a negative influence if they are not delivered appropriately.
Originality/value
This study offers a rare focus on the moderating role of EPPs in the relationship between export barriers and export propensity, within the setting of a North-African country.
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Durmus Alper Camlibel and Salih Hakan Can
The purpose of this study was to expand available knowledge on predictors of male inmate violence by examining a large set of variables offered by the importation, deprivation and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to expand available knowledge on predictors of male inmate violence by examining a large set of variables offered by the importation, deprivation and threat appraisal and coping theories.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 465 male inmates from five medium-security prisons in Wisconsin completed surveys to report demographics, violence, personality, social stressors and healthy coping behaviors to help manage risk by identifying key factors.
Findings
Inmates reported more violence with the “imported” characteristics of younger age, less incarceration, no college experience and personality patterns of impulsiveness, hostility and internal locus of control. More violence was reported by inmates with social stressors experienced from family and correctional staff. Additionally, less violence was reported by inmates with more healthy coping behaviors of exercise and social support, especially from family and other inmates.
Research limitations/implications
One must remain uncertain about whether similar patterns of demographics, personality, social stressors and coping behaviors associated with inmate violence would be found in other US prisons. Future research can determine whether similar predictors of violence are found for women inmates and the consideration of ethnicity should be warranted when examining predictors of inmate violence.
Practical implications
Prison administrators can develop new programs to reduce social stressors and increase healthy coping behaviors found by this study to be significantly associated with reduced violence, exercise and social support from other inmates and family.
Social implications
This research recommends that educating and training correctional staff for a trauma-informed care approach is an integral part of lessening the effects of “pains of imprisonment” on inmate violence and healing the effects of trauma.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first direct comparison of social stressors from other inmates, correctional staff or family members outside the prison as possible predictors of male inmate violence.