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Book part
Publication date: 4 July 2016

Adrianna Bagnall and Gil Eyal

We compare the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients and the developmentally disabled in the United States and demonstrate that there were two path-dependent processes…

Abstract

Purpose

We compare the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients and the developmentally disabled in the United States and demonstrate that there were two path-dependent processes with significant qualitative and quantitative differences, ultimately leading to better outcomes for developmentally disabled individuals.

Design

Using secondary literature, we construct a sustained comparison of the two processes in terms of outcomes, timing, tempo, extent, funding, demographic composition, and investment in community services. We then reconstruct the strategies of de-stigmatization and framings of moral worth deployed in the two cases, analyzing their effects on deinstitutionalization in terms of conceptions of risk, rights, and care.

Findings

Deinstitutionalization began later for developmentally disabled individuals than for psychiatric patients, and was a more gradual, protracted process. It was not driven by fiscal conservatism, discharges, and the trans-institutionalization of the senile aged, as was deinstitutionalization for psychiatric patients, but primarily by the prevention of institutionalization of young children, and increased investment in infrastructure. Consequently, the deinstitutionalization of the developmentally disabled was far more thorough and successful. The process was shaped by the framing of the developmentally disabled as “forever children” by parents’ organizations that demanded a balance between autonomy, protection, and the provision of care. In contrast, the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric patients was shaped by their framing as autonomous citizens temporarily suffering from “mental health problems” that could be prevented, treated, and cured. This frame foregrounded the right to choose (and also refuse) treatment, while undervaluing the provision of care.

Details

50 Years After Deinstitutionalization: Mental Illness in Contemporary Communities
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-403-4

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Article
Publication date: 24 October 2008

M. Gordon Brown and Tjibbe Teernstra

The purpose of this paper is to analyze patterns and causes of structural vacancy in Dutch office buildings focusing on investors perceptions in the context of behavioural…

553

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze patterns and causes of structural vacancy in Dutch office buildings focusing on investors perceptions in the context of behavioural economics issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The location and typological characteristics of structurally vacant office buildings were identified using data from the first quarter of 2007 of the Jones Lang LaSalle office supply database. Structured interviews of those investors responsible for decisions about structurally vacant office buildings in their portfolio were conducted and the results analyzed.

Findings

The analysis finds that structural vacancy is not distributed but concentrated more in distinct smaller buildings owned by non‐institutional investors and that these are found more often in office parks. It also shows that irrational optimism about the office market combined with overconfidence and the disposition effect limit the rationality of investor decisions about structurally vacant office buildings.

Research limitations/implications

Further research focusing on behavioural economics factors in real estate could improve selection and sampling and the construction of questions.

Practical implications

Because they appear to understand functional obsolescence least of all, real estate investors would benefit from knowledge about diagnosing it.

Originality/value

Most research investigating behavioural economics in real estate has focused on the work of professional valuers, appraisers. This may be the first paper to show that real estate investors exhibit decision patterns consistent with beliefs and preferences described in behavioural economics and finance.

Details

Journal of European Real Estate Research, vol. 1 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-9269

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Article
Publication date: 14 November 2008

M. Gordon Brown

The purpose of this paper is too analyze what causes judicial decisions about access impairment in American eminent domain and police power cases to be based on subjective…

317

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is too analyze what causes judicial decisions about access impairment in American eminent domain and police power cases to be based on subjective interpretations instead of objective factual evidence about the spatio‐material conditions of access.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a review of commentary on decision making and language in legal contexts, contemporary rhetorical analysis combined with discourse analysis are employed to illuminate inconsistencies of legal terminologies with respect to access.

Findings

The analysis finds that legal terminology of access takings sustains cognitive indeterminacies and prevents the use of standard quantitative approaches to measurement.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of this research are that access conditions need to be considered in the context of transaction costs based on an underlying ontology of access phenomena.

Practical implications

This paper calls for changing legal policy so that objective measures of access can be used to evaluate impairment.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to analyze underlying problems in access takings and sets the stage for a more objective and scientific approach to a long unresolved problem involving property takings.

Details

International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 50 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-243X

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2008

M. Gordon Brown

The purpose of this paper is to describe how to measure workplace configuration, show its application in, and the results of, a field experiment aimed at improving collaborative…

2174

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe how to measure workplace configuration, show its application in, and the results of, a field experiment aimed at improving collaborative knowledge work and identify and discuss larger problems involved with research on workplace configuration.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews recent thought on density, proximity and problems with evaluating configuration. It then describes a method of spatial network analysis used in a field experiment involving the reconfiguration of a workplace. This is followed with a discussion of recent research on knowledge work from economic geography.

Findings

It was found that, instead of increasing it, the reconfigured workplace decreased collaborative activity. The spatial network analysis shows how this occurred.

Research limitations/implications

This method of spatial network analysis, when used carefully, is a robust technique for analyzing and comparing spatial configuration. Further research needs to address the links between spatial proximity and information and communications technologies as well as the relation of types of knowledge bases and associated forms of proximity that can stimulate collaboration.

Practical implications

While spatial network analysis methods are not do‐it‐yourself tools, corporate real estate managers should employ them, especially in larger‐scale projects, before committing to final workplace designs. They can also use them to identify and map best spatial patterns (like best practices) to identify strategic spatial patterns.

Originality/value

This appears to be the first rigorous application of spatial network methods in a field experiment involving a real workplace. The paper shows the method can clearly extract and discriminate spatial network patterns underlying configurations and relate them both quantitatively and graphically to employee evaluations of collaborative performance. It introduces concepts of comparative knowledge bases that need to be understood in determining the types of collaboration needed in a workplace.

Details

Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1960

All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.

32

Abstract

All items listed may be borrowed from the Aslib Library, except those marked, which may be consulted in the Library.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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Article
Publication date: 4 August 2020

Chiara Tagliaro, Yaoyi Zhou and Ying Hua

Workplace space utilization data reveals patterns of space usage, the occupants’ presence and mobility within the office building. Nowadays, emerging technology such as smart…

477

Abstract

Purpose

Workplace space utilization data reveals patterns of space usage, the occupants’ presence and mobility within the office building. Nowadays, emerging technology such as smart sensors and devices can revolutionize the measurement of space utilization data, which is originally dominated by human observers with paper and pencil. However, these novel instruments are often used in an old fashion, which restricts the exploitation of their full potential. This study aims to shed new light on the benefits and limits of using smart technology in measuring space utilization data and discusses the challenges and opportunities in analyzing the data measured by smart sensors.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the literature regarding common methods and previous studies about office space utilization measurement was reviewed. Then, a data set consisting of space utilization data collected through Passive Infra-Red sensors for 35 meeting rooms in a bank building was carefully evaluated. Finally, the space utilization results based on methods calculated in two different granularities were compared.

Findings

The number of occupied hours calculated at an hour level was 1.32-hour larger than that calculated at a minute level. As both results show the concept of space utilization, which was the amount of time that the space was occupied, this paper revealed a gap between the two space utilization calculation methods and further discussed the issues and challenges for future space utilization data analysis and benchmarking.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study critically addressing office space utilization issues by comparing calculation methods in different granularity.

Details

Facilities, vol. 39 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-2772

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 31 October 2017

Keena Arbuthnot

Abstract

Details

Global Perspectives on Educational Testing: Examining Fairness, High-Stakes and Policy Reform
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-434-1

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Article
Publication date: 2 October 2024

Saad Alshamari, Stephen L. Shapiro and Ryan Dastrup

The aim of the present study was to examine if interest in the 2022 World Cup and planned engagement in the pre-Qatar World Cup programming influenced both current and future…

82

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to examine if interest in the 2022 World Cup and planned engagement in the pre-Qatar World Cup programming influenced both current and future informal and formal physical activity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered using a survey conducted eight months prior to the World Cup, analyzing responses using four 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) models. These models assessed the relationship between interest in the World Cup and planned engagement in pre-event activities with current and future formal and informal physical activity levels.

Findings

The findings of the current study suggest that engagement in sport programming pre-World Cup did not moderate the relationship between interest and physical activity. Engagement appears to play a direct role in physical activity, aligning with engagement theory, whereas interest plays a more direct role in spectator consumption. This highlights the importance of programming initiatives in enhancing physical activity, which is a critical aspect of the social impact of sport mega-events.

Research limitations/implications

This study only focused on the residents of Qatar, and it may not be applicable to the future residents and location of the World Cup. Thus, further research should be conducted to see if this phenomenon can be observed and will exist in other host countries as well as with other sport mega-events. Additionally, our study was quantitative; it is suggested to perform a qualitative or mixed methods approach with a large sample size to obtain a more descriptive analysis that adds more depth to the connection between interest, engagement and physical activity of hosting a sport mega-event.

Practical implications

The study’s implications suggest that host countries and event organizers can significantly impact residents’ physical activity by creating environments and opportunities that align with their intrinsic needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness. For host countries and event organizers, these findings underscore the importance of pre-event planning, particularly in developing sports infrastructure, facilities and initiatives. Participating in sport programs can reflect positively on the economy by reducing healthcare and social service use, as well as increasing social engagement. Policymakers can leverage these findings to develop comprehensive strategies that promote physical activity in conjunction with sport events.

Social implications

This study highlights the importance of programming initiatives in enhancing physical activity, which is a critical aspect of the social impact of sport mega-events. By leveraging pre-event programming, host countries can address public health concerns and enhance social well-being. The findings suggest a positive relationship between sports programming engagement and increased physical activity among residents, contributing to improved health outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Originality/value

The findings of this study will contribute to the literature and advance our knowledge regarding the relationship between hosting a sport mega-event and physical activity participation by understanding pre-event impacts. This research offers valuable insights for event organizers and policymakers, highlighting the importance of fostering environments that motivate active participation and contribute to the long-term health and vitality of communities.

Details

Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, vol. 14 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-678X

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 February 2008

Cesar J. Chekijian

88

Abstract

Details

Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 5 September 2016

Axel Klein and Blaine Stothard

535

Abstract

Details

Drugs and Alcohol Today, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1745-9265

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