L.J. Golonka, M. Buczek, M. Hrovat, D. Belavič, A. Dziedzic, H. Roguszczak and T. Zawada
To find properties of screen printed PZT (PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 with 6 per cent of PbO and 2 per cent of Pb5Ge3O11) thick films layers on LTCC substrate.
Abstract
Purpose
To find properties of screen printed PZT (PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 with 6 per cent of PbO and 2 per cent of Pb5Ge3O11) thick films layers on LTCC substrate.
Design/methodology/approach
The influence of PZT firing time and electrode materials on electrical characteristics and microstructure were examined. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDS) analyser was used for the microstructural and compositional analysis.
Findings
Microstructural and compositional analyses have shown the diffusion of SiO2 from LTCC into PZT layers and the diffusion of PbO in the opposite direction. SiO2 presumably forms low permitivity lead based silicates in PZT layer. The new phase deteriorates the piezoelectric properties. The amount of diffused materials was dependent upon the electrode material and increased with increasing firing time. Better properties, i.e. higher remanent polarisation and dielectric constant were achieved for samples with PdAg electrodes and shorter firing time.
Originality/value
New information on electrical and microstructural properties of thick film PZT made on LTCC substrate.
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Keywords
S. YE and R.K.L. TIONG
Government support plays an important part in risk‐return trade‐off of participants in privately financed infrastructure projects. Depending on the level of government support…
Abstract
Government support plays an important part in risk‐return trade‐off of participants in privately financed infrastructure projects. Depending on the level of government support, risk‐return trade‐off of the private sponsor varies from project to project. Case studies on two of China's build‐operate‐transfer (BOT) power projects that were developed at different time periods illustrate that government support has a significant effect on both risk and return of the private sponsor. It is hoped that such understanding would help the private sponsor strike a desirable risk‐return trade‐off in structuring a BOT deal.
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Low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) material is introduced as an excellent alternative to silicon, glass, or plastic materials for the fabrication of miniaturised analytical…
Abstract
Purpose
Low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) material is introduced as an excellent alternative to silicon, glass, or plastic materials for the fabrication of miniaturised analytical devices, though it is most widely used in the automotive and microwave industries. The paper aims to study the laser ablation of LTCC material.
Design/methodology/approach
This kind of green tape material is mechanised by excimer laser (KrF, 248 nm) and UV laser (Nd: YAG, 355 nm), and for the first time by infra‐red laser (1,090 nm). The optical photos and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) photos of the LTCC ablated by different kinds of laser sources are given in this paper.
Findings
When using the UV laser, the tapered structure can be easily seen from the SEM photo. However, a kind of clear and perfect ablation of LTCC can be seen for the first time by the 1,090 nm infra‐red laser ablation.
Originality/value
The laser ablation of LTCC by optical fibre sources is discussed.
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Andrzej Ochrem, Dominika Kułaj, Joanna Pokorska, Justyna Żychlińska-Buczek, Piotr Zapletal, Ewa Drąg-Kozak and Ewa Łuszczek-Trojnar
The aim of the study was to analyse the quality changes in marinated herring meat depending on the moment of adding milk thistle.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to analyse the quality changes in marinated herring meat depending on the moment of adding milk thistle.
Design/methodology/approach
One control (C) and two experimental groups were investigated: MH (milk thistle added to a marinade solution) and FH (fillets rubbed with milk thistle before marination). The basic chemical composition, the meat colour, heavy metals concentration, fatty acids profile, quality of lipids and antioxidant capacity were determined.
Findings
The occurrence of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn was higher in the experimental group than in the control group throughout the marinating process. The peroxide value was higher from the first day in the control group than in the experimental groups. On the last day of the study, the peroxide value in the control group exceeded the maximum acceptable value. The highest level of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances was determined in the control group on the first day, and the lowest in the FH group. On the first day, the highest percentage of DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical quenching was recorded in the FH group.
Originality/value
The results are the first to find that the addition of milk thistle to herring fillets in marinating process maintains or even improves the quality of the marinades. The process of previously coating the fillets in milk thistle and then marinating achieves a lower peroxide value, higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a higher content of elements such as iron and manganese, which are very valuable for human health.
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Sandhya H, Sejana Jose V and Bindi Varghese
This chapter proposes to understand the prospects of smart technologies that can transform tourism destinations and instigate regenerative development process. Bio-based resource…
Abstract
This chapter proposes to understand the prospects of smart technologies that can transform tourism destinations and instigate regenerative development process. Bio-based resource consumption and technology-driven practices aimed for better sustainable development have been the need of the era. This study emphasizes the theory of regenerative tourism, which attempts to preserve and improve a destination's natural and cultural resources while contributing to the socio-economic development of the host communities. It examines how transformational technologies, like smart infrastructure, big data analytics and renewable energy systems, could assist the tourism industry achieve the transition to a green economy. This chapter illustrates the benefits and problems of integrating such technologies into the tourism infrastructure of a destination. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of cooperation among stakeholders and policymakers and examines the possible environmental, social and economic implications of using a regenerative approach to tourism. The results of this study contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on the development of sustainable tourism and shed light on the transformative potential of technology in creating a more sustainable and resilient future.
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Bronislaw Buczek and Anna Zajezierska
The aim of this paper was to investigate the possibility of reusing frying oil, obtained during thermal treatment of food in fast-food restaurants for production of plastic…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper was to investigate the possibility of reusing frying oil, obtained during thermal treatment of food in fast-food restaurants for production of plastic greases.
Design/methodology/approach
In accordance with the proposed research concept, the used frying oil was to be the base oil of biodegradable plastic greases thickened with calcium 12-hydroxystearate and lithium 12-hydroxystearate. These studies included the determination of the effect of variable amounts of used oil component in the base oil on the properties of the resultant plastic greases.
Findings
It was found that the optimum amount of the component in the base oil is 10-15 per cent. Calcium and lithium greases prepared in such a way possess a quality to that of greases prepared with fresh rapeseed oil.
Research limitations/implications
Higher concentrations of used frying oil in the base oil adversely affect the degree of thickening, thixotropic properties and dropping point of the grease, as well as, creating technological problems.
Practical implications
The investigations, beside their research goals have also a practical character – recycling waste material in place of its present method of disposal.
Originality/value
One of the least expensive material, and most commonly used to produce biodegradable lubricants are vegetable oils. In recent years, besides introducing biodegradable lubricating oils, increasing interest is observed in the use of plastic greases of high biodegradability. Now, it is possible to obtain such greases with additive of used frying oils. Biodegradable greases are used as lubrication of open gear, food production equipment, central lubrication system in cars and railway engineering.
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Sarah A. Geegan, Bobi Ivanov, Kimberly A. Parker, Stephen A. Rains and John A. Banas
Research is needed regarding how to influence young adults’ patterns of cell phone use while driving, amid social pressures to stay connected to their peers. Such insight could…
Abstract
Purpose
Research is needed regarding how to influence young adults’ patterns of cell phone use while driving, amid social pressures to stay connected to their peers. Such insight could form the basis of a social marketing campaign. This study aims to explore the potential of inoculation and narrative messages as strategies to protect (i.e. generate resistance against) negative attitudes toward texting and driving.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a three-phase experiment, the investigation explored the impact of different communication message strategies (i.e. inoculation, narrative, control) aimed at reducing texting while driving.
Findings
Results indicated that, for college students exposed to messages in support of texting and driving, inoculation messages were superior to both narrative and control messages. These findings can guide the development of strategic social marketing interventions.
Practical implications
Social marketing scholars and practitioners should consider weaving inoculation messages throughout social marketing campaigns focused on this important issue.
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate and compare inoculation and narrative strategies in the context of texting and driving.
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Abdul Munir Hidayat Syah Lubis, Bambang Ariwahjoedi and Mustafar Sudin
This study aims to characterize the composition of the tribo-layer formed during sliding of steel in the presence of crude jatropha oil (CJO) and epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to characterize the composition of the tribo-layer formed during sliding of steel in the presence of crude jatropha oil (CJO) and epoxidized jatropha oil (EJO) under boundary lubricant application.
Design/methodology/approach
CJO was obtained from a local market and used as received. EJO was obtained by epoxidation process with peroxyformic acid catalyzed by acidic ion exchange resin. The tribological test was conducted by the four ball method according to ASTM 4192. Wear scars generated on the lower balls were used to characterize the tribo-layer. Energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray photo spectroscopy analysis were conducted to characterize the tribo-layer composition.
Findings
EJO shows a lower friction coefficient compared to CJO. Moreover, EJO also shows better wear preventive properties compared to CJO. The oxidation of CJO and EJO has lead chemisorption of the oil to steel surface to cause formation of protective layers for the steel surface. The layers were constructed from inorganic oxide in the form of iron oxides and silicon oxide together with organic layers in form of aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid. The formation and removal of this layer from rubbing sites are considered to affect wear-preventive and friction behaviour of steel lubricated with CJO and EJO.
Originality/value
This works highlights friction and anti-wear characteristics of CJO and EJO. This work also presents the composition of the tribo-layer that formed because of the sliding of steel lubricated with CJO and EJO. The method and result can be used for further investigation and development of lubricant.
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In the second half of the 1980s, together with Perestroika in the Soviet Union, a process took place to end the Cold War as a confrontation between the United States of America…
Abstract
In the second half of the 1980s, together with Perestroika in the Soviet Union, a process took place to end the Cold War as a confrontation between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. At the same time, this process caused the collapse of the Soviet Union and socialist system and thereafter the separation and independence of the many nationalities that constituted the Soviet socialist system in the East and South Europe. However to our regret, such nationalities could not enjoy freedom by independence, but went to brutal wars between separated nationalities. Even after many local wars and brutalities we cannot yet find the final solution through peace and justice for peoples.
As the number of online journals, databases, and indexing and abstracting services continues to grow on the Internet, it is important that libraries find efficient ways to manage…
Abstract
As the number of online journals, databases, and indexing and abstracting services continues to grow on the Internet, it is important that libraries find efficient ways to manage and provide access to these resources. By utilizing database driven dynamic content delivery technology, library Web administrators can obtain numerous management benefits over a static HTML site. Presents an efficient model using Microsoft Access database software and an ASP (Active Server Pages) scripting method to manage and deliver the University of Arkansas Library’s electronic subscription services. Benefits include centralized data management and maintenance, streamlined administration, customized content, and improved response to simultaneous user access. Web server platforms, programming skill levels, and data storage limitations are also discussed. A single MS Access database utilizing two relational tables is used as an example to demonstrate the underlying database organization.