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Article
Publication date: 12 January 2010

Y. Guo, R. Bennacer, S. Shen, D.E. Ameziani and M. Bouzidi

The purpose of this paper is to apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate mixed flow, which combines natural convection for temperature difference and forced convection…

703

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate mixed flow, which combines natural convection for temperature difference and forced convection for lid driven, in a two‐dimensional rectangular cavity over a wide range of aspect ratios (A), Rayleigh numbers (Ra) and Reynolds numbers (Re).

Design/methodology/approach

The LBM is applied to simulate the mixed flow. A multi‐relaxation technique was used successfully. A scale order analysis helped the understanding and predicting the overall heat transfer.

Findings

In the considered lid driven cavity, the Richardson number emerges as a measure of relative importance of natural and forced convection modes on the heat transfer. An expression of the overall heat transfer depending on the cavity slender (A) is deduced. The validity of the obtained expression was checked in mixed convection under the condition of low Richardson number (Ri) and the limitation condition was deduced.

Practical implications

This paper has implications for cooling system optimization and LBM technique development.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new cooling configuration, avoiding critical situation where the opposing effect induce weak heat transfer; and a stable and fast LBM approach allowing complex geometry treatment.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 18 July 2008

Mohammed Jami, Ahmed Mezrhab and Hassan Naji

This paper attempts to deal with the presentation of a numerical investigation of the laminar‐free convective heat transfer in a square enclosure containing a solid cylinder…

702

Abstract

Purpose

This paper attempts to deal with the presentation of a numerical investigation of the laminar‐free convective heat transfer in a square enclosure containing a solid cylinder located at an arbitrary position. Effects of the cylinder position on the heat transfer and the flow structures inside the cavity are to be studied and highlighted.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical code is based on the hybrid scheme with the lattice Boltzmann and the alternating‐directional implicit (ADI) splitting scheme. The energy equation is solved by ADI scheme and the flow field velocities have been computed using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The bounce‐back condition combined with quadratic interpolation is used at solid boundaries.

Findings

The predicted results show that the cylinder location has a significant effect on the heat transfer. It is observed that: when the inner body does not generate heat, most of the heat transfer takes place if the body is located at the center of the enclosure. When the cylinder generates heat and is displaced from the left towards the right and from the lower part towards the upper part of the cavity, the heat transfer rate decreases on the hot wall and increases on the cold wall.

Research limitations/implications

The fluid flow (air) is assumed to be incompressible, laminar and 2D. The viscous heat dissipation is neglected in the energy equation and all physical proprieties are constant except for the density, whose variation with temperature is allowed for in the buoyancy term.

Practical implications

Natural convection in heated enclosures, housing inner bodies has received significant attention because of its interest and importance in industrial applications. Some applications are solar collectors, fire research, electronic cooling, aeronautics, chemical apparatus, building constructions, nuclear engineering, etc.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the development of the LBM. In particular, it was found that the inherent numerical instabilities of this LBE are not modified by coupling with temperature. This is a good improvement compared to what is observed in the simulations of thermal systems using the full LBE formulation where the energy conservation is taken into account.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 25 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

Nan Xie, Yihai He, Ming Yao and Changwei Jiang

The purpose of this paper is to apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with multiple distribution functions model, to simulate transient natural convection of air in a…

229

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with multiple distribution functions model, to simulate transient natural convection of air in a two-dimensional square cavity in the presence of a magnetic quadrupole field, under non-gravitational as well as gravitational conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The density-temperature double distribution functions and D2Q9 model of LBM for the momentum and temperature equations are currently employed. Detailed transient structures of the flow and isotherms at unsteady state are obtained and compared for a range of magnetic force numbers from 1 to 100. Characteristics of the natural convection at initial moment, quasi-steady state and steady state are presented in present work.

Findings

At initial time, effects of the magnetic field and gravity are both relatively limited, but the effects become efficient as time evolves. Bi-cellular flow structures are obtained under non-gravitational condition, while the flow presents a single vortex structure at first under gravitational condition, and then emerges a bi-cellular structure with the increase of magnetic field force number. The average Nusselt number generally increases with the augment of magnetic field intensity.

Practical implications

This paper will be useful in the researches on crystal material and protein growth, oxygen concentration sensor, enhancement or suppression of the heat transfer in micro-electronics and micro-processing technology, etc.

Originality/value

The current study extended the application of LBM on the transient natural convective problem of paramagnetic fluids in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 26 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2006

Haibo Huang, T.S. Lee and C. Shu

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of Lattice‐BGK (LBGK) method application in simulation of the 3D flow through complex geometry. On the…

904

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of Lattice‐BGK (LBGK) method application in simulation of the 3D flow through complex geometry. On the other hand, the steady flows through vascular tube with Reynolds number 10‐150 and different constriction spacing ratios are simulated.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical method is based on the LGBK method with an incompressible D3Q19 model. To treat the curved boundary, the “bounce back” scheme combined with spatial interpolation of second order is applied.

Findings

The highly axisymmetric property in the direct 3D tube flow simulation is observed. Solutions obtained from LBGK method are quite consistent with that of finite volume method (FVM). The overall order of accuracy of these LBGK solutions is about 1.89. The LBGK incompressible D3Q19 model with the curved boundary treatment can handle the problems of 3D steady flow through complex geometry.

Research limitations/implications

Investigating the flow in constricted vascular tubes with different stenose shape and higher Reynolds number is left for future work.

Practical implications

Lattice BGK method is the very useful tool to investigate the steady vascular flow.

Originality/value

Applying LBGK method with incompressible D3Q19 model to simulate the steady flow through complex geometry. The accuracy and efficiency of the present LBGK solver are examined.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2017

Abderrahmane Baïri, Clara Ortega Hermoso, David San Martén Ortega, Iken Baïri and Zsolt Peter

This work deals with the case of the quad flat non-lead 64 (QFN64) electronic package generating a low power range ranging from 0.01 to 0.1W. It is installed on one side of a…

488

Abstract

Purpose

This work deals with the case of the quad flat non-lead 64 (QFN64) electronic package generating a low power range ranging from 0.01 to 0.1W. It is installed on one side of a printed circuit board (PCB) that can be inclined relative to the horizontal plane with an angle varying between 0° and 90° (horizontal and vertical positions, respectively). The surface temperature of the electronic assembly is subjected to air natural convection.

Design/methodology/approach

Calculations are done by means of the finite volume method for many configurations obtained by varying the generated power and the inclination angle.

Findings

The distribution of the surface temperature is determined on all the assembly areas (QFN and PCB). The study shows that the thermal behaviour of the electronic device is influenced by the generated power and the inclination angle. The 3D numerical survey leads to correlations allowing calculation of the average surface temperature in any part of the assembly, according to the power generated by the QFN64 and the inclination angle.

Originality/value

The proposed accurate correlations are original and unpublished. They optimize the thermal design of the electronic QFN64 package, which is increasingly used in many engineering fields.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 27 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 2 January 2018

Souad Morsli, Mustapha Boussoufi, Amina Sabeur, Mohammed El Ganaoui and Rachid Bennacer

The use of natural ventilation by large openings to maintain thermal comfort conditions in the premises is a concept that is perfectly integrated into the traditional architecture…

170

Abstract

Purpose

The use of natural ventilation by large openings to maintain thermal comfort conditions in the premises is a concept that is perfectly integrated into the traditional architecture of countries in the Mediterranean region or in tropical climates. In a temperate climate where the architecture is not usually designed to respond to the use of natural ventilation is seasonal and is done at the initiative of the occupants by making changes in the design of their doors. The European interest in natural ventilation, as a passive building air-conditioning technology, is increasing and has been the subject of a research program commissioned by the European Community. In this work, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic. Various scenarios are considered for this work. Mixed convection for different boundary conditions and different configurations is carried out. In addition, an airflow is injected through a window and extracted on the opposite window. Classical conclusion and transitional value on Richardson number have been completed by the new thermal configuration with nonsymmetric thermal conditions. The complex 3D flow structure is more obvious when one of the two flows (ventilation or natural convection) dominates. However, the induced heat transfer is less sensitive to the added ventilation. In this study, the authors consider a part of a housing compound as a refreshing floor. This floor is maintained at a constant cold temperature, the one vertical wall at hot temperature and other surfaces are adiabatic.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a qualitative preliminary study of a 2D–3D flow. The authors examine the competition between the natural convective flow and the added airflow on the flow structure and indoor air quality. The numerical model shows a good agreement with that obtained by researchers analytically and experimentally. To deal with turbulence, the RNG k-ε model has been adopted in this study.

Findings

The transfer is more sensitive between the 2D and 3D cases for the present analyzed case.

Originality/value

The study of ventilation efficiency has shown the competition between the big and small structures and the induced discomfort.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2005

A. Mezrhab and M. Bouzidi

This paper describes an approach for the automatic calculation of view factors between surfaces of arbitrary shape, when taking into account possible screening effects due to…

1049

Abstract

Purpose

This paper describes an approach for the automatic calculation of view factors between surfaces of arbitrary shape, when taking into account possible screening effects due to intermediate surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach

The specifically developed numerical code is based on the utilization of boundary elements to fit the surfaces of an algorithm solving the shadow effect and on a Monte Carlo method for the numerical integrations.

Findings

The code has been tested for a set of geometrical configurations. It was clearly shown that it obtains good results in terms of accuracy and computing time. Its accuracy increases when the mesh of radiative surfaces is finer.

Research limitations/implications

The use of the code is limited to opaque surfaces separated by an isothermal semi‐transparent medium which can be absorbent but not diffusing of the thermal radiation.

Practical implications

The study of the radiative exchanges between opaque surfaces with shadow effects due to intermediate surfaces may have concrete practical applications by using this code. Indeed, the code has been used for an industrial application, in order to evaluate view factors inside an enclosure, in the framework of studies concerned with the thermal comfort inside cars.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in taking into account the surfaces of complex geometries by using a boundary elements approximation, the algorithm solving the shadow effect, based on the convexity of the quadrilateral in 2D or the polyhedron in 3D.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 13 July 2021

Shayan Naseri Nia, Faranak Rabiei and M.M. Rashidi

This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to numerically simulate the natural convection heat transfer of Cu-water nanofluid in an L-shaped enclosure with curved…

212

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to numerically simulate the natural convection heat transfer of Cu-water nanofluid in an L-shaped enclosure with curved boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach

LBM on three different models of curved L-shape cavity using staircase approach is applied to perform a comparative investigation for the effects of curved boundary on fluid flow and heat transfer. The staircase approximation is a straightforward and efficient approach to simulating curved boundaries in LBM.

Findings

The effect of curved boundary on natural convection in different parameter ranges of Rayleigh number and nanoparticle volume fraction is investigated. The curved L-shape results are also compared to the rectangular L-shape results that were also achieved in this study. The curved boundary LBM simulation is also validated with existing studies, which shows great accuracy in this study. The results show that the top curved boundary in curved L-shape models causes a notable increase in the Nusselt number values.

Originality/value

Based on existing literature, there is a lack of comparative studies which would specifically examine the effects of curved boundaries on natural convection in closed cavities. Particularly, the application of curved boundaries to an L-shape cavity has not been examined. In this study, curved boundaries are applied to the sharp corners of the bending section in the L-shape and the results of the curved L-shape models are compared to the simple rectangular L-shape model. Hence, a comparative evaluation is performed for the effect of curved boundaries on fluid flow in the L-shape enclosure.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 32 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 18 April 2017

Lin Deng, Junjie Liang, Yun Zhang, Huamin Zhou and Zhigao Huang

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has made great success in computational fluid dynamics, and this paper aims to establish an efficient simulation model for the polymer injection…

391

Abstract

Purpose

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has made great success in computational fluid dynamics, and this paper aims to establish an efficient simulation model for the polymer injection molding process using the LBM. The study aims to validate the capacity of the model for accurately predicting the injection molding process, to demonstrate the superior numerical efficiency in comparison with the current model based on the finite volume method (FVM).

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts the stable multi-relaxation-time scheme of LBM to model the non-Newtonian polymer flow during the filling process. The volume of fluid method is naturally integrated to track the movement of the melt front. Additionally, a novel fractional-step thermal LBM is used to solve the convection-diffusion equation of the temperature field evolution, which is of high Peclet number. Through various simulation cases, the accuracy and stability of the present model are validated, and the higher numerical efficiency verified in comparison with the current FVM-based model.

Findings

The paper provides an efficient alternative to the current models in the simulation of polymer injection molding. Through the test cases, the model presented in this paper accurately predicts the filling process and successfully reproduces several characteristic phenomena of injection molding. Moreover, compared with the popular FVM-based models, the present model shows superior numerical efficiency, more fit for the future trend of parallel computing.

Research limitations/implications

Limited by the authors’ hardware resources, the programs of the present model and the FVM-based model are run on parallel up to 12 threads, which is adequate for most simulations of polymer injection molding. Through the tests, the present model has demonstrated the better numerical efficiency, and it is recommended for the researcher to investigate the parallel performance on even larger-scale parallel computing, with more threads.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, it is for the first time that the lattice Boltzmann method is applied in the simulation of injection molding, and the proposed model does obviously better in numerical efficiency than the current popular FVM-based models.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 34 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2019

Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi

This paper aims to investigate the use of a piezo fan in an enclosure on wall heat transfer and thermal boundary layer profile in constant wall temperature situation.

154

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the use of a piezo fan in an enclosure on wall heat transfer and thermal boundary layer profile in constant wall temperature situation.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing partial differential equations of mass, momentum and energy in addition to boundary conditions are solved by lattice Boltzmann method. The problem is solved numerically using D2Q9 population's model and Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook collision model with a code written in MATLAB.

Findings

The effects of Prandtl number (Pr) and the frequency of piezo fan vibrations are critically investigated on the hydrothermal characteristics of the square cavity. The mesh independency study and the validation of the proposed model are accomplished with numerical results of Ghia et al. (1982) and analytical solution of pure conduction very good agreement is found between present results and benchmark findings. Generally, with increasing beam frequency, the heat removal from heat source increased. It is found that, for all Prandtl numbers, wall Nusselt number will increase with the increase of the beam frequency. This enhancement is more intense in higher Prandtl number.

Originality/value

Based on these results, the use of piezo fan in an enclosure can be classified as standalone as well as heat sink integrated cooling solution.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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