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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1978

H. Hotta, K. Ohtuka, K. Natori, K. Umeda, M. Asaoka and S. Yuzawa

As Japan is surrounded by the sea, the research done for the development of this manipulator is stressed as being very important.

69

Abstract

As Japan is surrounded by the sea, the research done for the development of this manipulator is stressed as being very important.

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Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 12 October 2012

280

Abstract

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Clinical Governance: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7274

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Article
Publication date: 4 May 2012

Eiji Yamamura

There is controversy between Putnam and Olson concerning the role of groups. Putnam argued that small groups contribute to economic growth, whereas Olson asserted that small…

304

Abstract

Purpose

There is controversy between Putnam and Olson concerning the role of groups. Putnam argued that small groups contribute to economic growth, whereas Olson asserted that small groups hamper economic growth through rent‐seeking behavior. Since the end of the 1990s in Japan, there has been a remarkable rise in the rate of enactment of public information‐disclosure ordinances by local governments. This paper aims to use the panel data of Japan to compare the effects of Putnam‐type horizontally structured groups and Olson‐type vertically structured groups on government information disclosures.

Design/methodology/approach

The Arellano‐Bond type dynamic panel model is employed to control for unobserved fixed effects and endogeneity bias.

Findings

The major findings are as follows: the Putnam‐type group has a positive influence on information disclosure; and the Olson‐type group has a detrimental effect on information disclosure.

Originality/value

These findings support both the Putnam and Olson hypotheses. The characteristics of a particular group should be considered carefully when the influence of that group is examined.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 39 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2005

Xiaoxuan Li, Jiwen Wang, Leon L. Shaw and Thomas B. Cameron

Commercial dental porcelain powder was deposited via slurry extrusion and laser densified to fabricate dental restorations in a multi‐material laser densification (MMLD) process.

1984

Abstract

Purpose

Commercial dental porcelain powder was deposited via slurry extrusion and laser densified to fabricate dental restorations in a multi‐material laser densification (MMLD) process.

Design/methodology/approach

A dental porcelain slurry was made from ball milled dental porcelain powders and extruded using the MMLD system. Extruded lines and rings were laser densified under different conditions in order to study how to build fully dense porcelain layers without warping and cracking during the MMLD process.

Findings

The geometric cross section of laser densified porcelain lines were dependent on laser processing parameters. Laser densified single ring showed no warping, and multiple layer body after laser densification showed cracks in the rings. The interface microstructure suggested good bonding between multiple layers. The mechanism to achieve single porcelain ring without warping and cracking is discussed. Alternate ways to build physical tooth layer by layer are proposed.

Originality/value

In the MMLD process, dental porcelain slurry was extruded from a human tooth computer file and laser densified to manufacture dental restorations based on solid freeform fabrication (SFF) principles. The understanding developed will pave the way for fabricating a physical dental restoration unit in the near future.

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Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 14 November 2024

Pınar Sunar Bukulmez, Suzan Girginkaya Akdag and Gamze Ekin

This paper aims to investigate the economic sustainability of new work environments by exploring how interior design strategies can contribute to the Organization for Economic…

28

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the economic sustainability of new work environments by exploring how interior design strategies can contribute to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8, which focuses on decent work and economic growth. SDG 8 aims to foster sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic development, as well as full and productive employment.

Design/methodology/approach

The pilot study was conducted at a global automobile brand’s largest facility in Kocaeli/Turkey, where 102 employees participated in stakeholder meetings divided into 18 groups. Additionally, 46 employees were interviewed through focus groups and one-on-one sessions across nine encounters. The collected data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis, interpreting codes and themes related to spatial politics, timing politics and hybrid working culture in the new work environment.

Findings

Identified themes include individually focused tasks, virtual collaboration, agile working, socialization and urban interaction. These themes are then traced through the conceptual design proposal developed by the interior design team and discussed in relation to their alignment with SDG 8.2 (diversify, innovate and upgrade for economic productivity), SDG 8.4 (improve resource efficiency in consumption and production) and SDG 8.8 (protect labor rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers).

Research limitations/implications

These three targets (for inclusivity and innovation, for environmentally sustainable and for employee well-being) were selected for their relevance in shaping the physical work environment.

Originality/value

The key finding of this paper is the need for a deeper understanding of economic sustainability in interior design and the contribution of SDG 8 targets on the spatial, temporal and cultural dimensions of new work environments. Brands committed to sustainability must adopt new work models and reimagine their work environments to enhance employee satisfaction and performance, through comprehensive user research and design solutions aligned with SDG 8.

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Society and Business Review, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5680

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Article
Publication date: 16 July 2024

Leiqing Xu and Zhubai Zhang

Home is a place/system/product that becomes increasingly occupied with various tasks used to be performed in workplaces. However, the knowledge of the relationship between…

138

Abstract

Purpose

Home is a place/system/product that becomes increasingly occupied with various tasks used to be performed in workplaces. However, the knowledge of the relationship between residential physical environments and occupant experience is limited, especially when considering the effect of indoor plants (IPs) and climate zones. To address the gap, this study conducted a questionnaire survey in three cities across different regions in China.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on User Experience and Customer Satisfaction Index theory, following the research paradigm, a total of 627 valid samples were collected and analyzed in a stepwise statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity test, correlation test and region comparison, then the model of PROCESS was adopted to examine the hypotheses that are given based on the former studies.

Findings

The results showed that residential physical environments have a significant effect on occupant satisfaction (OS) in all regions, as well as OS on occupant performance. However, regional differences were found that OS is a complete mediator in the Middle region, while a partial mediator in the North and South. A slight moderating effect of IPs was also found in the region of South. Nevertheless, both the number of plants and plant types have a significant moderating effect on the mechanism.

Originality/value

Besides combining two theories and confirming the mechanism in the residential physical environment, it is also the first study to consider the moderating effects of IPs and climate zones, providing potential empirical support for not only design and management stages but also facing global challenges of working at home and climate changes.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Article
Publication date: 30 April 2019

Hiroshi Asaoka, Tomoya Takahashi, Jiafei Chen, Aya Fujiwara, Masataka Watanabe and Fumiyuki Noro

The purpose of this paper is to investigate why children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to respond to tasks from their own perspective. The authors investigated the…

172

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate why children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to respond to tasks from their own perspective. The authors investigated the effects of explicitness of viewpoint on performance of spontaneous level 2 perspective-taking skills in six- to eight-year-old children with ASD.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted visual perspective-taking tasks with explicit and implicit instructions about the viewpoint to be used. Participants operated a toy car on a map while listening to the experimenter’s instructions. In the implicit condition, when the experimenter said “Turn right/left” at each intersection, the participants moved the car accordingly. Subsequently, in the explicit condition, the experimenter said “Look from the driver’s viewpoint and turn right/left” at each intersection.

Findings

In the implicit condition, the authors did not observe a clear developmental change in performance between six- and eight-year-old children in the ASD group. In contrast, performance in the ASD group improved under the explicit condition relative to that under the implicit condition.

Originality/value

The results suggest six- to eight-year-old children with ASD tend not to spontaneously use level 2 perspective-taking skills. Therefore, viewpoints should be explicitly instructed to children with ASD. In addition, it is also important to implement training to encourage spontaneous transitions from self-perspective to other-perspective under the implicit condition.

Details

Advances in Autism, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-3868

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Book part
Publication date: 8 May 2003

Hiroshi Wakabayashi, Katsuhiko Asaoka, Yasunori Iida and Hiroyuki Kameda

In this study, a mode choice model explicitly considering travel time reliability is developed. This model quantifies travelers' attitudes towards travel time variability as well…

Abstract

In this study, a mode choice model explicitly considering travel time reliability is developed. This model quantifies travelers' attitudes towards travel time variability as well as average travel time. Data were collected from the morning commuters who have two or three alternative modes including some public transportation and private vehicles. The survey period includes both a normal period where all the transportation modes were available and an abnormal period where the main major public transportation service was closed. The model is applied to practical commuters' decision making, and one of the findings in the mode choice model is that they pay relatively large attention to the travel time variability. In this model, travel time variability is dealt with as the possibilities that the commuters arrive before or after their job starting time separately. The best-fit model indicates that the commuters pay more attention to early arrival and less to late arrival in the normal period. In the abnormal period, however, their attention shifts drastically to late arrival. This suggests that the commuters behave optimistically in the normal period and pessimistically in the abnormal period.

Details

The Network Reliability of Transport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044109-2

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Book part
Publication date: 23 January 2023

Mari Fischer and Jennifer A. Horney

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses to it that were required from frontline healthcare providers and others working in healthcare settings including environmental, clerical

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses to it that were required from frontline healthcare providers and others working in healthcare settings including environmental, clerical, and security staff, has challenged our healthcare systems in unprecedented ways. The threats to the financial, physical, and psychological well-being of healthcare professionals – many of whom entered the field due at least in part to a deep commitment to caring for and helping others – will have profound and long-lasting personal and professional impacts. Early in the pandemic response, healthcare professionals knew little about the risks they, their patients, and their loved ones faced from COVID-19 as they operated under crisis standards of care and without adequate supplies of personal protective equipment. As the pandemic response progressed, the lack of clear, science-based guidance, and the politicization of the pandemic presented new medical, ethical, and moral dilemmas. New psychological support mechanisms, including crisis counseling and evidence-based interventions, are needed for all workers in healthcare settings, regardless of their job role.

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COVID-19, Frontline Responders and Mental Health: A Playbook for Delivering Resilient Public Health Systems Post-Pandemic
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-115-0

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Article
Publication date: 6 January 2006

Shahul Hameed Mohamed Ibrahim, A.H. Fatima and Sheila Nu Nu Htay

This study examines whether Shari’ah approved companies with majority Muslim directors adopt better corporate governance (CG) than non‐Shari’ah approved companies with majority…

1374

Abstract

This study examines whether Shari’ah approved companies with majority Muslim directors adopt better corporate governance (CG) than non‐Shari’ah approved companies with majority non‐Muslim directors and whether the performance of the former is better than that of the latter. The objective of this study is to determine whether religious factor has an influence in adopting corporate governance mechanisms and in performance. Performance of the companies is measured in relation to three perspectives, namely, Shari’ah compliance, environmental performance, and social performance. This study used secondary data and the leading 50 firms were selected from each group based on their market capitalization for the year 2002. The proxies for good corporate governance are CEO non‐duality, the proportion of non‐executive directors on the board, and the proportion of independent non‐executive directors on the board. The proxies used to measure Shari’ah compliance are the ratio of prohibited income to total income and the ratio of prohibited expenses to total expenses. The variables used to measure the environmental and social performance are certification of ISO 14001 and OHsas 18001, respectively. The results generally showed that there is little significant difference between the CG and performance of Shari’ah approved companies with majority Muslim directors and non‐Shari’ah approved companies with majority non‐Muslim directors, although the former is marginally better for both, in a few instances.

Details

Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-2517

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