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Article
Publication date: 29 June 2012

M. Amalina and M. Rusop

This research focuses on the effect of molar concentration of CuI thin film deposited by mist atomization technique. The result shows the CuI thin film properties strongly depends…

72

Abstract

This research focuses on the effect of molar concentration of CuI thin film deposited by mist atomization technique. The result shows the CuI thin film properties strongly depends on its precursor concentration. Thickness between 0.35 x 104 nm - 1.60 x 104 nm was obtained as the concentration increases. The increment of thickness affects the electrical properties which is the resistivity and conductivity of CuI thin film. The resistivity of about 101ω cm to 103ω cm was observed in those CuI thin films. For optical properties, the absorption coefficient and optical band gap of CuI was determined by using Tauc's plot. The high absorption coefficient of 106 m-1 is observed in those CuI thin films with bandgap between 2.84 to and 2.95eV obtained in this experiment.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

K. Md Nasir, N.H. Ramli Sulong, M.R. Johan and A.M. Afifi

This study aims to discuss the modification and/or improvement of intumescent coating system by incorporating waterborne resin with an appropriate combination of flame-retardant…

433

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the modification and/or improvement of intumescent coating system by incorporating waterborne resin with an appropriate combination of flame-retardant additives and four different fillers, namely, TiO2, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3.

Design/methodology/approach

Coating mixtures are characterized using the Bunsen burner, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, scanning electron microscope, static immersion bath, Fourier transform infrared and adhesion tester.

Findings

Results show that the combination of coating with CaCO3 filler significantly improved fire protection performance because of its thick char layer and the equilibrium temperature being 264°C. Char layer showed a uniform dense foam structure on micrograph and this formulation had adhesion strength of 2.13 MPa, which indicates effectiveness of the interface adhesion on substrate. Conversely, the combination of coating with Al(OH)3 exhibited highest oxygen index of 35 per cent, which resulted in excellent flammability resistance.

Research limitations/implications

This paper discusses only the effect of mineral fillers on properties of intumescent coatings.

Practical implications

In the modern design of building infrastructure, fire safety is significant for the protection of human life and assets. The application of intumescent coating in buildings is currently practiced because of its effect on material flammability during a fire.

Originality/value

The analysis method to evaluate the performance of water-borne resin with different fillers is formulated, and it could be applied in all kinds of coatings and mixtures to be used as an effective fire protection system for steel constructions.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 47 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 14 December 2018

Alireza Rahimi, Pouria Azarikhah, Abbas Kasaeipoor, Emad Hasani Malekshah and Lioua Kolsi

This paper aims to investigate the natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer in a finned/multi-pipe cavity.

160

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer in a finned/multi-pipe cavity.

Design/methodology/approach

The cavity is filled with the CuO-water nanofluid. The Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to estimate the dynamic viscosity and consider Brownian motion. On the other hand, the effect of the shapes of nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity and related heat transfer rate is presented.

Findings

In the present investigation, the governing parameters are Rayleigh number, CuO nanoparticle concentration in pure water and the thermal arrangements of internal active fins and solid bodies. Impacts of these parameters on the nanofluid flow, heat transfer rate, total/local entropy generation and heatlines are presented. It is concluded that adding nanoparticles to the pure fluid has a significant positive influence on the heat transfer performance. In addition, the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation have direct a relationship with the Rayleigh number. The thermal arrangement of the internal bodies and fins is a good controlling tool to determine the desired magnitude of heat transfer rate.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is to use the lattice Boltzmann method in simulating the nanofluid flow and heat transfer within a cavity included with internal active bodies and fins.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 29 April 2014

Rachid Zeffane

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between individualism/collectivism (as personal traits) and individuals’ potential to become an entrepreneur.

1556

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between individualism/collectivism (as personal traits) and individuals’ potential to become an entrepreneur.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on a sample of 503 students enrolled in business courses at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It focusses on the concept of Entrepreneurial Potential (EP) as a measure of “desirability and inclination” to start a business. The paper tests the hypothesis that the concepts of individualism and collectivism are not necessarily polar ends of the same continuum and examine their impacts on EP, controlling for age and gender as main demographic characteristics. Four main hypotheses are explored.

Findings

Statistical analysis confirms the two main hypotheses. They reveal that: first, concomitant with the dominant collectivist values at national level, potential future entrepreneurs evolving in the Middle East/Gulf region endorse personal traits of a predominantly collectivist nature; second, contrary to popular assumptions individualism does not have a strong impact on youth EP. In the context of this study, the impact of collectivism on EP is most significant. The paper also found that gender had no significant impact on EP

Research limitations/implications

The use of personality traits alone, as a basis for understanding predictors of EP may not be sufficient. A number of contextual variables (such the socio-cultural and economic context) may also have a strong influence. Unfortunately, it is not possible to test for these effects with the data available in this study. Future research may consider these.

Practical implications

Despite its limited scope (limited sample-size and target population), the findings of this study are useful to both practitioners and policy makers. Management practitioners interested in entrepreneurial behaviors need to take stock of the fact that future entrepreneurs can (and perhaps should be able to) blend their competitive entrepreneurial drive with the spirit of collectivism. This is particularly relevant in selection processes using personality tests for the purpose of extracting the most likely candidates for entrepreneurial ventures involving youth.

Originality/value

The findings of this study do not support the general assumption that individualism and entrepreneurship ties necessarily go hand in hand. They clearly indicate that collectivism has more explanatory power in this regard, though this may be contextual. These findings may be explained by the context of the study (UAE/Middle East). The overwhelming majority of the respondents are from the Middle East and gulf region, where collectivist aspirations are predominant. Yet, the economies of countries in those regions are fuelled by an increasing number of advanced and quite daring entrepreneurial projects, as exemplified by the modernist business ventures in Dubai, Qatar, and Abu Dhabi.

Details

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2554

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Article
Publication date: 5 May 2022

Mohamad Solehin Mohamed Sunar, Maria Abu Bakar, Azman Jalar, Mohamad Riduwan Ramli and Fakhrozi Che Ani

Reflow solder joint quality is significantly affected by the ability of the solder to perfectly fill pad space and retain good solder joint shape. This study aims to investigate…

147

Abstract

Purpose

Reflow solder joint quality is significantly affected by the ability of the solder to perfectly fill pad space and retain good solder joint shape. This study aims to investigate solder joint quality by quantitatively analyzing the stencil printing-deposited solder volume, solder height and solder coverage area.

Design/methodology/approach

The dispensability of different solder paste types on printed circuit board (PCB) pads using different stencil aperture shapes was evaluated. Lead-free Type 4 (20–38 µm particle size) and Type 5 (15–25 µm particle size) solder pastes were used to create solder joints according to standard reflow soldering.

Findings

The results show that the stencil aperture shape greatly affects the solder joint quality as compared with the type of solder paste. These investigations allow the development of new strategies for solving solder paste stencil printing issues and evaluating the quality of solder joints.

Originality/value

The reflow soldering process requires the appropriate selection of the stencil aperture shape according to the PCB and the solder paste according to the particle-size distribution of the solder alloy powder. However, there are scarce studies on the effects of stencil aperture shape and the solder alloy particle size on the solder paste space-filling ability.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 39 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Article
Publication date: 13 July 2015

Rachid Zeffane

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trust, personality and risk taking on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). In this perspective, it explores gender differences…

1103

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trust, personality and risk taking on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). In this perspective, it explores gender differences among nascent and actual entrepreneurs in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from two sets of populations: 370 students attending business courses in a university in the UAE (as proxies to nascent entrepreneurs) and 324 small business owners/operators (as proxies to actual entrepreneurs). The scales used in the study were borrowed from previous research and were also empirically confirmed through reliability tests.

Findings

In support of previous research, analyses of variance confirmed the hypotheses that females are less inclined to become entrepreneurs and are less likely to take risk. Females were also found to be less trusting than males. Regression analysis revealed that, the intention to engage in entrepreneurship is most significantly affected by the propensity to trust. These confirm the study hypotheses.

Research limitations/implications

This study is set in a single country and as such, its findings may be constrained by cultural/national specificities. Future research could consider examining the variables of this study (particularly gender differences and their relevance to the effects of trust and risk taking on EIs) in a wider cross-national context.

Practical implications

The findings of this study clearly indicate that trust is an important variable that can be cultivated at the pre-entrepreneurial stage so that future entrepreneurs (females in particular) are appropriately equipped and geared to cope with risk in entrepreneurship activities.

Originality/value

Research on gender, trust, risk taking and entrepreneurial behaviors in the UAE/Middle East context remains lacking. Also, studies using samples of both actual and nascent entrepreneurs remain lacking. This study fills these gaps and also provides a platform for further understanding the importance of gender differences in relation to trust, personality, risk taking and EIs.

Details

World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-5961

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Article
Publication date: 5 September 2016

Bee Chin Ang, Norasikin Ahmad, Zhi Chao Ong, Shun Chi Cheok and Hui Fen Chan

The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of chicken eggshell (CES) and rice husk ash (RHA) as fillers on the mechanical and the thermal insulation properties of…

283

Abstract

Purpose

The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of chicken eggshell (CES) and rice husk ash (RHA) as fillers on the mechanical and the thermal insulation properties of polyurethane coatings.

Design/methodology/approach

CES and RHA were ground via ball milling set at different parameters, and the smallest particles size obtained were selected and used as fillers. Fillers of different weight proportions were mixed with other components such as binder, solvent and pigment to form various coating formulations and test samples were made via dip coating. A series of characterisations were conducted to analyse the thermal and mechanical properties of the coating.

Findings

The smallest particle size of CES and RHA was obtained after both of them had undergone grinding process at 400 rpm within 180 min. Morphological studies revealed that CES and RHA have irregular shape and high porosity. In crystallographic analysis, CES mainly composed of pure calcite crystal structure and RHA contained amorphous silica. Both of fillers were found thermally stable up to 520 and 710°C for RHA and CES, respectively. In RHA individual system, as the RHA proportion increases, the thermal conductivity of the coating declined. In contrast, in the CES coating system, the thermal conductivity demonstrated an opposite trend. Thermal gravimetric analysis results displayed that by adding hybrid fillers, the residue weight and the thermal stability of the coatings were increased. In addition, the adhesion strength of the coating was increased as the filler weight content increased.

Research limitations/implications

Fillers with nano-range size were expected to be produced in this research for better performance of the coating. However, the obtained fillers were limited to micron size through dry grinding method. Another drawback in this research was the coating technique which is dip coating. The coated substrates do not have uniform coating thickness and this subsequently influenced the performance.

Originality/value

A novel attempt has been made to study the formulation coating system by mixing CES and RHA as fillers which is also known as a hybrid system.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 45 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2019

Kehang Yu, Chen Yang, Jun Wang, Jiabo Yu and Yi Yang

The purpose of this paper is to study the variation of the mechanical strength and failure modes of solder balls with reducing diameters under conditions of multiple reflows.

191

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the variation of the mechanical strength and failure modes of solder balls with reducing diameters under conditions of multiple reflows.

Design/methodology/approach

The solder balls with diameters from 250 to 760 µm were mounted on the copper-clad laminate by 1-5 reflows. The strength of the solder balls was tested by the single ball shear test and pull test, respectively. The failure modes of tested samples were identified by combing morphologies of fracture surfaces and force-displacement curves. The stresses were revealed and the failure explanations were assisted by the finite element analysis for the shear test of single solder ball.

Findings

The average strength of a smaller solder ball (e.g. 250 µm in diameter) is higher than that of a larger one (e.g. 760 µm in diameter). The strength of smaller solder balls is more highly variable with multiple reflows than larger diameters balls, where the strength increased mostly with the number of reflows. According to load-displacement curves or fracture surface morphologies, the failure modes of solder ball in the shear and pull tests can be categorized into three kinds.

Originality/value

The strength of solder balls will not deteriorate when the diameter of solder ball is decreased with a reflow, but a smaller solder ball has a higher failure risk after multiple reflows. The failure modes for shear and pull tests can be identified quickly by the combination of force-displacement curves and the morphologies of fracture surfaces.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 31 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2021

Fatima Khaleel, Pervez Zamurrad Janjua and Mumtaz Ahmed

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it assesses communicated (information disclosed in annual reports and websites) ethical values of Islamic banks (IBs) by using an…

524

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it assesses communicated (information disclosed in annual reports and websites) ethical values of Islamic banks (IBs) by using an index based on Islamic precept. Second, this research paper analyzes the perception of employees working in IBs of Pakistan regarding previously mentioned dimensions constructed in the form of index. Third, it explores the difference (if any) between communicated and perceived ethical values of IBs in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study incorporated two research methods, namely, content analysis (qualitative method) and descriptive analysis (quantitative method) to assess communicated and perceived ethical values. A checklist was designed that includes total six dimensions with 106 items or constructs. For perceived ethics, survey method is used to explore how far in practice IBs are operating in line with Islamic finance ethics in Pakistan by distributing questionnaires among employees.

Findings

This research study revealed overall satisfactory communicated and perceived ethical values in IBs of Pakistan. It is generally concluded that Meezan Bank is doing well in all dimensions as compare to other three banks in Pakistan. Some banks such as Dubai Islamic Bank and Albaraka Islamic bank lack proper format of annual reports. It recommended proper training and development of employees particularly about Islamic banking products and procedure. Moreover, it is recommended to take initiative of attracting female segment of the society and environment protection related campaigns.

Research limitations/implications

Because of data and time constraints, an extended beneficiary analysis could not be materialized in this study. Therefore, for future research, it is recommended to expand the stakeholders’ analysis beyond employees of IBs.

Practical implications

This study may be helpful for policymakers and other stakeholders to improve the image and for further growth of IBs in Pakistan.

Social implications

This study is the part of corporate social responsibility, so it will add value to social norms of banking sector and provide different dimensions and constructs based on Islamic ethical and moral system. It highlights banker’s responsibilities toward society.

Originality/value

This paper supports the phenomena of Islamic banking and finance in emerging markets and shows its potential growth for the economy.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 13 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

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Article
Publication date: 30 June 2021

Tasawar Hayat, Khursheed Muhammad and Ahmed Alsaedi

The purpose of this study is to analyze hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs+Ag+Kerosene oil) over a stretched cylinder. Flow analysis is carried out in presence of stagnation-point. Features…

94

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs+Ag+Kerosene oil) over a stretched cylinder. Flow analysis is carried out in presence of stagnation-point. Features of heat transport are examined via melting conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

Governed expression (partial differential equations) for flow and heat transfer are transmitted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via applying adequate transformations. For solutions development shooting method (bvp4c) is used on these non-linear coupled ODEs.

Findings

Comparative observation among hybrid nanofluid (MWCNTs+Ag+Kerosene oil), basefluid (kerosene oil) and nanofluid (MWCNTs+Kerosene oil) are performed. Influences of physical parameters on heat transfer rate, velocity, skinfriction coefficient and temperature are visualized graphically. Higher values nanoparticle volume fractions, curvature parameter, melting parameter and velocity ratio parameter lead to intensification in the velocity profile. The temperature of the fluid reduces with higher values nanoparticle volume fractions, curvature parameter and melting parameter. The surface friction coefficient is minimized via a higher melting parameter and velocity ratio parameter. Heat transmission rate intensifies with velocity ratio parameter, nanoparticle volume friction and curvature parameter while it reduces gradually with larger melting parameter. During comparative study performance of hybrid nanomaterial (MWCNTs+Ag+Kerosene oil) is outstanding and is proceeded by nanomaterial (MWCNTs+ Kerosene oil) and basefluid (kerosene oil).

Originality/value

In the presented study authors have analyzed the flow of hybrid nanomaterial (MWCNTs+Ag+Kerosene oil) by a stretching cylinder. The further cylinder is subjected to stagnation point and melting condition. The authors believe that all the consequences of the presented study and numerical technique (bvp4c) are original and not published before.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 31 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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