This study aims to investigate the extent and nature of corporate governance reporting (CGR) in corporate annual reports of Bangladesh. The aim of the study to test empirically…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the extent and nature of corporate governance reporting (CGR) in corporate annual reports of Bangladesh. The aim of the study to test empirically the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and CGR by the listed companies in Bangladesh. The CG examined the proportion of independent directors, board leadership structure, board size, ownership structure and audit committee size.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a sample of 86 listed non-financial companies in Dhaka stock exchanges (DSE) from the period of 2015-2017 and all the companies are selected by judgment Sampling. The study has been used as an unweighted relative disclosure index for measuring CGR.
Findings
The empirical results indicate that board leadership structure (BLS) is positively associated with the level of CGR. In contrast, the percentage of equity owned by the insiders to all equity of the firm is negatively associated with the level of CGR.
Practical implications
Findings of this study have important implications for regulatory authority, enforcement agencies such as Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Bangladesh, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission, DSE, policymakers, shareholders and others who have an interemaammast in CG.
Originality/value
Finding of the study will be a benchmark for policymakers and implementers in torching the avenues of improvement in raising the level of CG reporting.
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Md. Abdur Rouf and M. Akhtaruddin
This paper aims to examine the factors affecting the voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of listed companies in Bangladesh.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the factors affecting the voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of listed companies in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a sample of 96 listed non-financial companies in Dhaka Stock Exchanges over the period of 2013 to 2016. The study used partial least squares structural equation modeling tool to analyze data which provides evidence of reliability and validity. It also used an unweighted relative disclosure index for measuring voluntary disclosure.
Findings
The empirical results show that corporate governance (board leadership structure and ownership structures) and firms characteristics (total assets and total sales) are significantly positive correlated with the voluntary disclosure.
Originality/value
The finding of the study will be a bench mark or the board for policy makers and implementers in torching the avenues of improvement in raising the level of corporate voluntary disclosure in annual reports of listed companies in Bangladesh.
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Md. Abdur Rouf and Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan
This study examines, in relation to agency theory, the influence of corporate mechanism on the environmental reporting of banking businesses registered on the Dhaka Stock Exchange…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines, in relation to agency theory, the influence of corporate mechanism on the environmental reporting of banking businesses registered on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE).
Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out consuming an example of 150 annual reports from 30 banks for the period 2015–2019. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to investigate the inspiration of corporate governance on the range of inclusive environmental reporting.
Findings
The outcomes reveal that insider equity, board leadership structure, and presence of female directors are statistically significant, while board size and outside directors are insignificant. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the adoption of environmental disclosure among banking businesses in Bangladesh is extra motivated by an increase in the inside skills and moderately the outside acceptability weights. Additionally, there appears to be a supposed lack of stakeholder pressure for environmental disclosure.
Originality/value
The results show that the range of environmental reporting of banking businesses in Bangladesh is good, at an average of 53.90%. It concludes that corporate governance has a substantial inspiration on the range of environmental reporting of banking businesses in Bangladesh.
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Shahbaz Sharif, Omaima Munawar Albadry, Muhammad Kashif Durrani and Muhammad Hamid Shahbaz
Employees are driven and motivated to exercise knowledge-based resources as a result of leadership. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of authentic leadership on…
Abstract
Purpose
Employees are driven and motivated to exercise knowledge-based resources as a result of leadership. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of authentic leadership on organizational commitment and tacit and explicit knowledge-sharing behaviors in Saudi non-profit organizations (NPOs). The study also aims to explore authentic leadership’s direct and indirect impact on tacit and explicit knowledge-sharing behaviors via organizational commitment.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a quantitative research design by distributing a survey questionnaire among 415 employees. A total of 300 responses were collected during the survey questionnaire data collection.
Findings
The results showed that authentic leadership significantly and positively influenced organizational commitment and tacit and explicit knowledge sharing. Additionally, organizational commitment significantly and positively mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and tacit knowledge sharing, and there was partial mediation. However, organizational commitment failed to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and explicit knowledge sharing.
Practical implications
The management of Saudi NPOs should focus on developing knowledge capital resources for employees who work in an organization to get a competitive advantage.
Originality/value
The study made a novel contribution that the Saudi NPOs should promote tacit and explicit knowledge-sharing but focus more on explicit knowledge sharing.
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Pappu Kumar Dey, Manas Roy and Mohsina Akter
The study aims to examine the level and extent of forward-looking information (FLI) disclosure and identify the determinants driving the FLI disclosure (FLID) in the context of an…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to examine the level and extent of forward-looking information (FLI) disclosure and identify the determinants driving the FLI disclosure (FLID) in the context of an emerging and developing economy.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample includes annual reports of the top 30 listed companies in Bangladesh for the years 2013–2017. The content analysis approach is used to examine the practice of FLID and to determine the extent of FLID based on the index. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to identify the determinants of FLID.
Findings
This research finds that board size, auditor's global affiliation, leverage and profitability have a substantial positive impact on FLID. By contrast, firm size and listing age have a significant negative association with FLID. Moreover, contrary to our expectation, female representation in the boardroom has an inverse effect on FLID. This study, however, does not suggest any significant impact of board independence.
Research limitations/implications
Small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. Besides, the FLID index score may be affected by the subjective judgment while analyzing the content of the annual report.
Practical implications
The findings of this paper may assist the regulators and policymakers in incorporating this new reporting paradigm in regulations. Alternatively, the current research can serve as a basis to further understand the importance of FLID for the stakeholders.
Originality/value
This empirical study contributes to the current FLI literature in Bangladesh. A handful of studies have been done to examine the nature and level of FLID and find out the determinants of FLID in the developing countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study yet has been explored on FLID and its determinants by classifying them as qualitative and quantitative in Bangladesh.
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Md. Abdur Rouf and Md. Alamgir Hossan
The purpose of this study is to provide a profound understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual report by the listed…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a profound understanding of the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh for examining the effect of board size and board composition on CSR disclosure.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample selected of all the 30 listed banks enlisted in the Dhaka Stock Exchange and the study used a content analysis approach. An ordinary least square regression model is fitted to the data for assessing the effect of independent variables on the total CSR disclosure score. An un-weighted approach has been used for this study.
Findings
The results of the study demonstrate that the extent of CSR disclosure of listed banks in Bangladesh varies from 11.11% to 73.33%, and on average, they report 45.37% and 43.44%, respectively. Moreover, the study observed a significant relationship between the proportion of female directors and CSR disclosure. Conversely, board size has been found no significant relationship with the CSR disclosure but the proportion of independent directors has been found a significant relationship with the CSR disclosure in the annual report by the listed banking sectors in Bangladesh.
Social implications
The study is expected to get a maximum scenario of CSR disclosure of banking sectors in Bangladesh. Government and other regulatory bodies can also get full information concerning CSR disclosure practices for formulating guidelines in this regard. If the Government of Bangladesh implicates the policies that the banks are to nominate a required number of female directors to boards, the consideration of the significant number of female directors and their power will be able to protect the interests of different stakeholder groups notably.
Originality/value
The study contributes to the CSR literature as it presents empirical evidence of the effects of board size and board composition on the CSR disclosure of banking sectors in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
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Izdihar Abdullah Zamil, Suresh Ramakrishnan, Noriza Mohd Jamal, Majeed Abdulhussein Hatif and Saleh F.A. Khatib
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of the existing literature on the determinants of firms reporting practices.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of the existing literature on the determinants of firms reporting practices.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a systematic method, the sample literature of 135 studies was collected from the Scopus database. These studies were evaluated in terms of the theoretical lenses applied in the literature, yearly trend, regional distribution, research settings and prior studies finding to provide some recommendations for further research.
Findings
The investigation revealed that the literature was more interested in the agency theory in investigating the drivers of voluntary reporting such as company size, age, leverage, liquidity, profitability, corporate governance and ownership structure. Although firm-specific determinants were the most examined in the previous studies, however, the result is still inconclusive. Also, limited work was found on the country-related factors, while internal audit impact has yet to be explored.
Originality/value
Being the first of its kind, this research provides a comprehensive review of the current research landscape on the drivers of environmental or social disclosure and highlights several interesting opportunities for future research.
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This study explores the relationships between corporate board characteristics (CBCs) and corporate social responsibility budget (CSRB) of selected Bangladeshi banks. CSRB was…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores the relationships between corporate board characteristics (CBCs) and corporate social responsibility budget (CSRB) of selected Bangladeshi banks. CSRB was regarded as the sole dependent variable. In contrast, CBCs was separated into three independent constructs: board members' age (BMA), board members’ educational level (BMEL) and the number of board meetings per year (NBMY). A single moderator, corporate reputation (CR), was used to assess the moderating impact on the direct relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
Annual reports from 2017 to 2021 (5 years) of 25 selectively listed Bangladeshi banks were used as study samples. Further, the researcher conducted informal interviews with 251 board members of those selected banks using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study used “multiple regression analysis” to evaluate the moderating effects on the three direct relationships and “Pearson's correlation coefficient” to assess the immediate impacts.
Findings
After analysis, the results revealed that all the three independent components, BMA, BMEL and NBMY, have substantial positive relationships with the dependent variable, CSRB. Moreover, it was identified that CR can moderate (strengthen) all the three direct relationships.
Originality/value
Corporate governance (CG) and CSR are two hot topics both in academia and practice. This study highlighted the corporate board characteristics and CSR budget, two new dimensions of CG literature that are required to be paid more attention to. The researcher expects this study to enhance the literature focused on these newer dimensions of CG that might benefit both academics and practitioners.
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Md. Abdur Rouf, Md. Alamgir Hossan and A.N.M. Jahangir Kabir
This study aims to provide a thorough knowledge of the context and degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the annual reports of Islamic and mainstream banks…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to provide a thorough knowledge of the context and degree of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in the annual reports of Islamic and mainstream banks in Bangladesh and to investigate whether ownership and the level of CSR reporting are connected.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the content analysis method to examine 150 annual reports from the 30 listed banking companies as its sample. The data are fitted to an ordinary least square regression model to determine the impact of independent factors on the overall CSR reporting score.
Findings
The study’s findings show that, on average, Islamic and conventional banks (ICBs) in Bangladesh disclose CSR data at rates of 46.27% and 43.44%, respectively, ranging from 14.15% to 76.32%. Furthermore, according to the study, ICBs’ public share ownership and CSR reporting showed a significant relationship. Conversely, institutional share ownership and foreign share ownership have been found to have no significant relationship with CSR reporting in conventional banks, but institutional share ownership has been found to have a significant relationship with the CSR reporting in Islamic banks.
Social implications
The research is expected to obtain the most accurate situation of Bangladeshi ICBs’ CSR reporting. To formulate regulations in this regard, governmental and other regulatory authorities can also obtain comprehensive information on CSR reporting procedures.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the CSR works, as it presents empirical evidence of the effects of ownership distribution on the CSR reporting of ICBs in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
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Nemanja Berber and Dimitrije Gašić
The main goal of this study is to determine the role of employee commitment in the relations between the compensation system and turnover intentions of employees in the Republic…
Abstract
Purpose
The main goal of this study is to determine the role of employee commitment in the relations between the compensation system and turnover intentions of employees in the Republic of Serbia, as well as to investigate whether there is a mediating effect of employee commitment in this relation.
Design/methodology/approach
The primary methodology implemented in the research was data gathering, obtaining theoretical research works on the proposed relations and empirical studies based on the PLS-SEM, analysed by IBM SPSS Statistics and SmartPLS data processing software. The data for the analysis was obtained from a total sample of 764 employees, collected in the Republic of Serbia via an online questionnaire.
Findings
The results indicated a positive statistically significant relationship between the formative construct (compensation system) and reflective construct (commitment), as well as a negative statistically significant relationship between the compensation system and reflective construct (turnover intentions). Employee commitment partially mediates the relationship between the compensation system and turnover intentions of employees.
Originality/value
The study was conducted in Serbia and is thus rooted in the specific national context which is characterized by high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance and more collectivistic society with feminine values more expressed. Most of the previous investigations related to the mentioned constructs were performed in companies from more developed countries, including Western Europe and the United States of America, whereas there has been no such research conducted in Serbia to date. The results portrayed a mismatch between the expected relations regarding the attitudes of employees to the rewards and the proposed national context. Modern companies in Serbia need to follow a modern reward mechanism to build stronger commitment and decrease turnover intentions. Moreover, in most earlier research works, compensation was examined in terms of satisfaction with rewards, while this study was based on questions related to perceptions of employees toward HR compensation practices (“The organization offers me”-type questions), not related to their satisfaction. Further, in the majority of previous research works, the compensation system was examined as a variable in combination with other HR processes (staffing, training and development, career development, employee relations, HR planning, communication, etc.), as a HPWP, while in this case the authors used only the practice of compensation (reward elements and employee performance evaluation) to investigate relations with commitment and turnover intentions.