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Publication date: 5 June 2023

Hoong Sang Wong and Chen Chen Yong

This chapter provided systematic and comprehensive analysis on trawl fisheries management and conservation measures in the Straits of Malacca. Detailed analysis is conducted on…

Abstract

This chapter provided systematic and comprehensive analysis on trawl fisheries management and conservation measures in the Straits of Malacca. Detailed analysis is conducted on Malaysian fishery management framework particularly domestic country's trawl fishery status, legal structure, input-control strategies, ecosystem protection plan, pollution, law enforcement, and complementary measures that designed to reduce and prevent overfishing in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Malacca Straits. Gaps and challenges found in existing trawl fisheries literature are presented followed by recommendations for improvement in the management and conservation of trawl fisheries.

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Pragmatic Engineering and Lifestyle
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-997-2

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Article
Publication date: 8 May 2023

Suherman Suherman, Titis Fatarina Mahfirah, Berto Usman, Herni Kurniawati and Destria Kurnianti

The purpose of this study was to investigate how chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics, including age, education, nationality and particularly gender, influence firm…

1584

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate how chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics, including age, education, nationality and particularly gender, influence firm performance in a developing Southeast Asian Country (Indonesia).

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses balanced firm-level panel data for 203 nonfinancial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2020. Return on assets, return on equity and Tobin’s Q were used to measure firm performance. The data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis, including a fixed effects model with clustered standard errors.

Findings

The results indicate that female CEOs, education and nationality enhance firm performance, while CEO age can either improve or reduce firm performance. Numerous robustness checks were performed; the results were consistent with those in the main analysis.

Research limitations/implications

Individual characteristics should be considered when appointing CEOs. Some CEO characteristics enhance firm performance. Female CEOs bring new perspectives, while older CEOs’ longer experience adds a competitive advantage. More educated CEOs have a better ability to deal with challenging intellectual activities, and CEOs from foreign countries better understand international market regulations. However, some characteristics may reduce firm performance, for example, older CEOs are more conservative and unable to adapt to changing business environments.

Originality/value

This study contributes to corporate governance studies by synthesizing CEO characteristics and investigating their relationship with firm performance. Moreover, it emphasizes that developing countries such as Indonesia have different economic, legal, social and cultural environments than developed countries, especially Western countries.

Details

Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, vol. 23 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-0701

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Article
Publication date: 9 September 2024

Muhammad Faisal, Iftikhar Ahmad, Qazi Zan-Ul-Abadin, Irfan Anjum Badruddin and Mohamed Hussien

This study aims to explore entropy evaluation in the bi-directional flow of Casson hybrid nanofluids within a stagnated domain, a topic of significant importance for optimizing…

24

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore entropy evaluation in the bi-directional flow of Casson hybrid nanofluids within a stagnated domain, a topic of significant importance for optimizing thermal systems. The aim is to investigate the behavior of unsteady, magnetized and laminar flow using a parametric model based on the thermo-physical properties of alumina and copper nanoparticles.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses boundary layer approximations and the Keller-box method to solve the derived ordinary differential equations, ensuring numerical accuracy through convergence and stability analysis. A comparison benchmark has been used to authenticate the accuracy of the numerical outcomes.

Findings

Results indicate that increasing the Casson fluid parameter (ranging from 0.1 to 1.0) reduces velocity, the Bejan number decreases with higher bidirectional flow parameter (ranging from 0.1 to 0.9) and the Nusselt number increases with higher nanoparticle concentrations (ranging from 1% to 4%).

Research limitations/implications

This study has limitations, including the assumption of laminar flow and the neglect of possible turbulent effects, which could be significant in practical applications.

Practical implications

The findings offer insights for optimizing thermal management systems, particularly in industries where precise control of heat transfer is crucial. The Keller-box simulation method proves to be effective in accurately predicting the behavior of such complex systems, and the entropy evaluation aids in assessing thermodynamic irreversibilities, which can enhance the efficiency of engineering designs.

Originality/value

These findings provide valuable insights into the thermal management of hybrid nanofluid systems, marking a novel contribution to the field.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2023

Maqsood Ahmad and Qiang Wu

This study aims to use a qualitative approach to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence the decisions and performance of individual investors…

918

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to use a qualitative approach to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence the decisions and performance of individual investors actively trading on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). It also aims to identify how to overcome the negative effect of heuristic-driven biases, so that finance practitioners can avoid the expensive errors which they cause.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts an interpretative approach. Qualitative data was collected in semistructured interviews, in which the target population was asked open-ended questions. The sample consists of five brokers and/or investment strategists/advisors who maintain investors’ accounts or provide investment advice to investors on the PSX, who were selected on a convenient basis. The researchers analyzed the interview data thematically.

Findings

The results confirm that investors often use heuristics, causing several heuristic-driven biases when trading on the stock market, specifically, reliance on recognition-based heuristics, namely, alphabetical ordering of firm names, name memorability and name fluency, as well as cognitive heuristics, such as herding behavior, disposition effect, anchoring and adjustment, repetitiveness, overconfidence and availability biases. These lead investors to make suboptimal decisions relating to their investment management activities. Due to these heuristic-driven biases, investors trade excessively in the stock market, and their investment performance is adversely affected.

Originality/value

This study provides a practical framework to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence investment management activities. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to focus on links between heuristic-driven biases, investment decisions and performance using a qualitative approach. Furthermore, with the help of a qualitative approach, the investigators also highlight some factors causing an increased use of heuristic variables by investors and discuss practical approaches to overcoming the negative effects of heuristics factors, so that finance practitioners can avoid repeating the expensive errors which they cause, which also differentiates this study from others.

Details

Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4179

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Article
Publication date: 13 August 2018

Aidy Ali, Wei Kuan Ng, Faiz Arifin, Kannan Rassiah, Faiz Othman, Shauqi Hazin and Megat Hamdan Megat Ahmad

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture properties of hybrid woven bamboo (WB)/woven e-glass (EG) fiber composites with various layer arrangements. This paper…

176

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the fracture properties of hybrid woven bamboo (WB)/woven e-glass (EG) fiber composites with various layer arrangements. This paper utilized a specific type of bamboo species named Gigantochloa Scortechinii (Buluh Semantan).

Design/methodology/approach

In these experiments, unsaturated polyester, woven EG and WB fibers were prepared through the hand lay-up technique. The composite bamboo strips were prepared in 1.5 mm thickness. The strips are woven to make a single layer. The layer was then laminated into several thicknesses. The specimens were then characterized using compact tension fracture tests.

Findings

The fracture toughness of 12–14 MPa was obtained. These findings suggest that this hybrid bamboo composite provides superior fracture strength that is equivalent with steel alloy and is extremely a good alternative for reinforcing fibers to combat fracture failures of materials and structures.

Originality/value

In this paper, experimental determination of newly developed composite made of WB and woven EG is presented.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 9 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Article
Publication date: 29 November 2023

Imtiaz Ahmad, Maha Ahmad, Ghulam Qadir and Asad Khan Afridi

This study aims to estimate Pakistan’s export potential in new and existing export products, as well as their potential destination markets.

113

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to estimate Pakistan’s export potential in new and existing export products, as well as their potential destination markets.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a nonparametric approach based on demand, supply and easiness factors for estimating export potential at disaggregated product and destination levels.

Findings

A significant number of new export products (extensive margin) and existing products (intensive margin) are identified that have export potential. The estimated unrealized export potential at extensive margins is $2bn and at intensive margins is $5bn. The range of new products included value-added products, semifinished products and intermediate products. Surprisingly, there is high potential to diversify in China and export existing products more intensively in the EU. Moreover, the potential at extensive margins is regional diverse compared to intensive margins.

Research limitations/implications

The methodology used in this paper only provides export potential for short-to-medium term period because the global demand conditions are varying. Also, the mineral and resource-based products cannot be included in the analysis because their exports are heavily dependent on the availability of natural resources.

Practical implications

The findings have important policy implications in terms of providing guidelines for government policies related to industrial development, international trade and export promotion at the product and destination level. Overall, the study reveals that traditional sectors lack room for product diversification. As the existing export incentives favor major industries. To foster diversification, existing incentives must be redesigned to cover new products or sectors. Moreover, China has the greatest potential for product diversification, while Europe has the greatest potential to export current products more intensively. Further research is needed to simulate trade policy scenarios and estimate demand, supply and ease factors in export potential.

Originality/value

This study provides a unique perspective on export potential assessment at disaggregated product and destination levels, reinforcing the importance of redesigning trade policies and export incentives separately for export diversification.

Details

Review of International Business and Strategy, vol. 34 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-6014

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Article
Publication date: 18 November 2019

Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Salman Ahmad, Tasawar Hayat, M. Waleed Ahmad Khan and Ahmed Alsaedi

The purpose of this paper is to address entropy generation in flow of thixotropic nonlinear radiative nanoliquid over a variable stretching surface with impacts of inclined…

116

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address entropy generation in flow of thixotropic nonlinear radiative nanoliquid over a variable stretching surface with impacts of inclined magnetic field, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, heat source/sink and chemical reaction. Characteristics of nanofluid are described by Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect. At surface of the sheet zero mass flux and convective boundary condition are considered.

Design/methodology/approach

Considered flow problem is mathematically modeled and the governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into ordinary ones by using suitable transformation. The transformed ordinary differential equations system is figure out by homotopy algorithm. Outcomes of pertinent flow variables on entropy generation, skin friction, concentration, temperature, velocity, Bejan, Sherwood and Nusselts numbers are examined in graphs. Major outcomes are concluded in final section.

Findings

Velocity profile increased versus higher estimation of material and wall thickness parameter while it decays through larger Hartmann number. Furthermore, skin friction coefficient upsurges subject to higher values of Hartmann number and magnitude of skin friction coefficient decays via materials parameters. Thermal field is an increasing function of Hartmann number, radiation parameter, thermophoresis parameter and Eckert number.

Originality/value

The authors have discussed entropy generation in flow of thixotropic nanofluid over a variable thicked surface. No such consideration is yet published in the literature.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 29 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 12 January 2010

N. Ahmad, M.G.M. Khan and L.S. Rafi

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to incorporate the exponentiated Weibull (EW) testing‐effort function (TEF) into inflection S‐shaped software reliability growth…

833

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to incorporate the exponentiated Weibull (EW) testing‐effort function (TEF) into inflection S‐shaped software reliability growth models (SRGMs) based on non‐homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). The aim is also to present a more flexible SRGM with imperfect debugging.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the EW TEFs and discusses inflection S‐shaped SRGM with EW testing‐effort to get a better description of the software fault detection phenomenon. The SRGM parameters are estimated by weighted least square estimation (WLSE) and maximum‐likelihood estimation (MLE) methods. Furthermore, the proposed models are also discussed under imperfect debugging environment.

Findings

Experimental results from three actual data applications are analyzed and compared with the other existing models. The findings reveal that the proposed SRGM has better performance and prediction capability. Results also confirm that the EW TEF is suitable for incorporating into inflection S‐shaped NHPP growth models.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents the WLSE results with equal weight. Future research may be carried out for unequal weights.

Practical implications

Software reliability modeling and estimation are a major concern in the software development process, particularly during the software testing phase, as unreliable software can cause a failure in the computer system that can be hazardous. The results obtained in this paper may facilitate the software engineers, scientists, and managers in improving the software testing process.

Originality/value

The proposed SRGM has a flexible structure and may capture features of both exponential and S‐shaped NHPP growth models for failure phenomenon.

Details

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 27 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-671X

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Article
Publication date: 9 April 2018

Akhtar Alam, M. Sultan Bhat, Hakim Farooq, Bashir Ahmad, Shabir Ahmad and Ashaq H. Sheikh

Risk assessment is imperative for disaster risk reduction. The risk is rooted to various physical, social, economic, demographic and environmental factors that determine the…

465

Abstract

Purpose

Risk assessment is imperative for disaster risk reduction. The risk is rooted to various physical, social, economic, demographic and environmental factors that determine the probable magnitude of loss during an extreme event. By way of bringing a conceptual model into practice, this paper aims to examine the flood risk of the Srinagar city.

Design/methodology/approach

The “risk triangle” model has been adopted in the present investigation evaluating parameters, reflective of hazard (intensity), exposure (spatial) and vulnerability (sensitivity) using Landsat-8 operational land imager scene (10 September 2014), global positioning system, Cartosat-1 digital elevation model and socioeconomic and demographic data (Census of India, 2011). The authors characterise flood hazard intensity on the basis of variability in water depth during a recent event (September 2014 Kashmir flood); spatial exposure as a function of terrain elevation; and socioeconomic structure and demographic composition of each municipal ward of the city as a determinant factor of the vulnerability. Statistical evaluation and geographic information system-based systematic integration of all the multi-resolution data layers helped to develop composite flood risk score of each ward of the city.

Findings

Principal deliverable of this study is flood risk map of the Srinagar city. The results reveal that approximately 46 per cent of the city comprising 33 municipal wards is at high risk, while rest of the area, i.e. 17 and 37 per cent, exhibit moderate and low levels of risk, constituting 23 and 12 municipal wards, respectively. It is very likely that the municipal wards expressing high risk may witness comparatively more damage (impact) during any future flood event. Thus, there is a need of planned interventions (structural and non-structural) to minimise the emergent risk.

Originality/value

Very rare attempts have been made to bring theoretical models of disaster research in practice; this is mainly because of the complexities associated with the data (selection, availability and subjectivity), methodology (integration, quantification) and resolution (spatial scales). In this direction, this work is expected to have considerable impact, as it provides a clear foundation to overcome such issues for the studies aiming at disaster risk assessment. Furthermore, using varied primary and secondary data, this paper demonstrates the relative (municipal wards) flood risk status of the Srinagar city, which is one of the key aspects for flood hazard mitigation.

Details

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-5908

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Article
Publication date: 11 January 2013

Haitham Mansour, M. Munir Ahmad, Nesreddin Dhafr and Hussain Ahmed

This paper aims to develop a practical method to evaluate operational performance of workover rigs and present an approach to measure the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE…

1013

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a practical method to evaluate operational performance of workover rigs and present an approach to measure the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) based on results of the evaluation method.

Design/methodology/approach

The area of this study focuses on workover rigs processes in the oilfield and investigates the impact of workover activities on the production at the Sarir Oilfield in Libya. The loss of time from workover procedures and electrical submersible pumps ESP installation and pulling, which affect oil well production, should be eliminated in order to reduce the cost. Several example calculations of workover operation efficiency involving actual workover operational data are presented. The method of evaluation of workover process has been developing which were the bases of OEE calculation.

Findings

The measure was developed to help support continuing efforts around process improvements and cost leadership at Oilfields. The results on the empirical findings are introducing OEE for the workover activities which will be used as a valuable indicator for workover activities improvement.

Practical implications

The result of this research makes it possible to represent the OEE as a benchmark that will be used to compare the performance of workover process.

Originality/value

This paper presents a successful and effective evaluation of OEE which will provide a useful observer to set of operational improvement areas and how such activities could be organised and managed more effectively.

Details

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 62 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0401

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