Lynette Barnard and Rossouw von Solms
Electronic commerce has become a reality, but unfortunately it is held back by the lack of information security associated with it. Business partners will have to prove to each…
Abstract
Electronic commerce has become a reality, but unfortunately it is held back by the lack of information security associated with it. Business partners will have to prove to each other that they are adequately secured, before electronic commerce will really blossom. This can best be done through a scheme whereby information security can be evaluated and certified. To enable this, some international or generally accepted information security standard needs to act as a memorandum against which evaluation can be conducted. The British Standard, BS 7799, can fulfill this role as it is becoming very well known internationally. This paper proposes a scheme whereby information security, within an organization, can be evaluated against BS 7799 and certification can take place, if successful. This scheme will provide the mutual trust between business partners, as far as information security is concerned, that is required in electronic commerce.
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Nceba Ndzwayiba and Melissa Steyn
The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the discourses of gender empowerment in South African organisations to determine the extent to which they reify or resist the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the discourses of gender empowerment in South African organisations to determine the extent to which they reify or resist the entrenched oppressive gender binaries.
Design/methodology/approach
Multiple case studies design and critical discourse analysis were employed to collect and analyse the data. Research entailed critical analysis of 36 published documents containing information on gender and gender empowerment. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with six transformation managers as change agents who are tasked with the responsibility of driving gender empowerment in the selected organisations.
Findings
The authors found that gender in studied organisations was insularly defined within the confines of the male–female gender binaries. Consequently, designed gender empowerment strategies and ensuing initiatives mainly focussed on promoting the inclusion of heterosexual women in and on protecting these women from heterosexual men. Thus, gender empowerment systematised heteropatriachy in organisational culture and processes while invisibilising and annihilating the possibility of existence of alternative genders outside these naturalised binaries. Transformation managers, as change agents, fell short of acknowledging, challenging and changing these entrenched ideologies of patriotic heterosexuality.
Research limitations/implications
The paper uses Galting’s (1960) and Paul Farmer’s (2009) concept of structural violence and Rich’s (1980) notion of “deadly elasticity of heterosexual assumptions”, to theorise these gender empowerment discourses as constituting and perpetuating violence against queer bodies and subjectivities.
Practical implications
The paper recommends that corporates need to broaden their conceptions of gender and to design and entrench gender discourses that promote gender justice and equality.
Social implications
This inquiry proves Joan Acker’s (2006) and Baker’s (2012) views that inequality and injustice are produced and entrenched in a reciprocal relationship between society and the workplace.
Originality/value
This paper focusses on constructions of gender in organisations. By doing so, it links the observed violence against women and gender binary non-conforming people in society with organisational discourses of gender that perpetuate such violence instead of challenging and changing it so that democracy can be realised for all.