Describes a preliminary model for assisting national tourismorganizations (NTOs) in the allocation of promotional budgets tointernational travel markets so as to optimize their…
Abstract
Describes a preliminary model for assisting national tourism organizations (NTOs) in the allocation of promotional budgets to international travel markets so as to optimize their marketing objectives. The model (TOUREX) is a knowledge‐based system. Discusses findings (that allow enhancement and refining of the model) from in‐depth interviews conducted with 12 European NTOs as part of a wider study both to improve the model and expand the knowledge base.
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Mark M.H. Goode, Luiz A. Moutinho and Charles Chien
Tests an hypothesized model which measures the overall satisfaction gained from, and the full spectrum of services attached to, the use of automated teller machines (ATMs). Sees…
Abstract
Tests an hypothesized model which measures the overall satisfaction gained from, and the full spectrum of services attached to, the use of automated teller machines (ATMs). Sees overall satisfaction as the end result of a combined number of antecedents. Uses a LISREL model to test the structural effects of a number of exogenous variables (i.e. expectations and perceived risk) on a number of latent variables (desires congruency, self‐congruity, perceptions of relative influence and behavioural intentions) to a number of endogenous variables (satisfaction, recommendations to others, full use of services and the frequency of use). Overall, establishes a number of important structural links within the model which suggest that if banks wish to increase customers’ overall satisfaction and the usage of available services they must target factors which directly affect customers’ expectations and perceived risk.
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Since their introduction, generic grocery products have been a major centre of controversy. Statistics indicate that the rapid growth phase for generics has ended and that this…
Abstract
Since their introduction, generic grocery products have been a major centre of controversy. Statistics indicate that the rapid growth phase for generics has ended and that this concept has now entered the maturity phase of its life cycle. Since generics have now become a permanent feature of the grocery industry, retailers and manufacturers must formulate their marketing strategies carefully, whether these strategies are for offensive or defensive reasons. These critical strategic questions are focused on and recommendations for future strategies now that generics have reached maturity are made.
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Michael J. Peel, Mark M.H. Goode and Luiz A. Moutinho
This paper reviews the use of logit and probit models in marketing and focuses on demonstrating the use of ordered probability models. This type of model is appropriate for many…
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of logit and probit models in marketing and focuses on demonstrating the use of ordered probability models. This type of model is appropriate for many applications in marketing and business where the dependent variable of interest is ordinal (e.g., likert scales). A comparison between the properties of the ordinary least squares (OLS) model and ordered logit and probit models is made using consumer satisfaction data on automobiles. This comparison between the two models shows that the use of OLS for ordered categorical data gives misleading results and produces biased estimates, leading to inaccurate hypothesis testing. The paper concludes that ordered probability models, such as the ones illustrated, should be employed in marketing and business research where the dependent variable is ordinal.
Malcolm J. Beynon, Luiz Moutinho and Cleopatra Veloutsou
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to outline and analyse the issue of gender differences in supermarket choice; and to demonstrate the nascent CaRBS technique as an…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to outline and analyse the issue of gender differences in supermarket choice; and to demonstrate the nascent CaRBS technique as an appropriate analysis tool on incomplete data.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a CaRBS analysis of survey‐based data with emphasis on the visualisation of the evidence on the reasons for supermarket choice in discerning the gender of those making the decision of which supermarket to visit.
Findings
Using the original incomplete data, there are certain reasons, such as range of stock, that are viewed differently by male and female consumers when deciding which supermarket to choose.
Practical implications
CaRBS provides the ability to analyse incomplete data without the need to manage the missing values that are present, and the ability to optimise the classification of respondents based on their gender through minimising ambiguity but not the inherent ignorance in the evidence from the questionnaire‐based responses. The relevance of characteristics can be found, even though many of the response‐based data values are missing.
Originality/value
The paper provides a clear demonstration of the ability to analyse original incomplete data, mitigating having to interpret results from managed data. The paper also introduces the CaRBS technique as a practical analysis tool in marketing research.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate impacts of counterfeit branded products (CBP) ownership on branded products (BP) and to explore determinants of CBP purchase intention…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate impacts of counterfeit branded products (CBP) ownership on branded products (BP) and to explore determinants of CBP purchase intention of both CBP owners and CBP non‐owners.
Design/methodology/approach
Following four focus group discussions, a quantitative survey of 430 adults in Glasgow, UK was conducted measuring consumers' brand perceptions of CBP and BP, CBP non‐deceptive ownership, and CBP purchase intention.
Findings
Consumers were found to have more favourable perceptions of BP than CBP, with exceptions of financial risk and security concerns. Significant perception differences concerning CBP were identified between CBP owners and non‐owners. In contrast, CBP ownership had no significant effect on consumers' evaluations of BP. Several perception dimensions appeared to be significantly influential on CBP behavioural intention, with brand personality playing the dominant role. Evidence of an interaction effect of CBP ownership with consumers' perceptions of CBP on CBP purchase intention did not exist.
Originality/value
This study is one of the few which have examined the impact of CBP on its counterpart BP from both brand and product perspectives. Insights into how CBP as a brand and also a product are perceived differently to BP, and how CBP ownership alter consumers' perceptions of CBP/BP and thereafter CBP purchase intention, contribute to the literature in counterfeiting study and provide a platform for more conceptual and theoretical research on the effects of symbolic and expressive value on cognitive behaviour in counterfeits related research settings.
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Cleopatra Veloutsou, G. Ronald Gilbert, Luiz A. Moutinho and Mark M.H. Goode
This study examines the equivalence of the use of a customer satisfaction survey in four culturally divergent contexts.
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the equivalence of the use of a customer satisfaction survey in four culturally divergent contexts.
Design/methodology/approach
It is based on 6,776 responses collected from fast food customers in Greece, Jamaica, the UK and the USA.
Findings
The results reveal that the similarities in the measurement of satisfaction in these contexts are more than the differences, and suggest that the development of measures to examine and compare consumer satisfaction across cultures and languages is, indeed, feasible.
Research limitations/implications
The data reveal considerable promise that rather simple, cross‐cultural measures can be identified and used to gain valuable insight about the viability of business products and services. This implies that researchers might be able to use the same instruments for measurement in different contexts. However, additional research is necessary to firmly support the suitability of the consumer‐related measures across cultures that were the focus of this study.
Practical implications
The findings of this study are particularly useful for multinational companies, which might want to measure and compare the level of their consumers' satisfaction in various countries.
Originality/value
This paper adds to the literature assessing the challenges of cross‐cultural research.
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Abstract
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Shengliang Deng, Rob Lawson and Luiz Moutinho
Presents an exploratory study on travel agents’ attitudes towards automation. Surveys 167 travel agents from both Canada and New Zealand. Shows that there are four distinct groups…
Abstract
Presents an exploratory study on travel agents’ attitudes towards automation. Surveys 167 travel agents from both Canada and New Zealand. Shows that there are four distinct groups of agents whose attitudes towards automation differ quite substantially and that these attitudes are related not so much to current use of technology but more to perceived future usage.
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Jony Oktavian Haryanto, Luiz Moutinho, Joaquin Aldas-Manzano and Ihsan Hadiansah
The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of future anticipation toward the development of brand relationship which finally creates brand loyalty. Brand loyalty has…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of future anticipation toward the development of brand relationship which finally creates brand loyalty. Brand loyalty has fascinated a number of researchers to conduct studies for so many years; however, its relationship with future anticipation has remained untouched by academia.
Design/methodology/approach
This study proved the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. The empirical approximated for the main-effects model and model goodness of fit indexes. The results signified a good fit of the data to our conceptual model in both samples.
Findings
The research shows that the influence of future anticipation is very essential in creating a brand relationship, autobiographical memory or even market performance and all in Asia; also Europe has similar significance with regard to this matter. Thus, it is important for companies to emphasize the importance of future anticipation and also delivers or informs it well to customers to create a positive perception in customers’ mind.
Originality/value
Future anticipation concept is anchored in philosophy theory and psychology. With respect to the study objectives, the focus is on the perspective of time which refers to thought and attitude toward past, present and future. In exploring what kind of behavior is related with future, the authors views are based on the futurology, a concept from sociology that studies generalizations about the nature of prediction. Blending these two theories, the authors elaborate a conceptual framework for the study of future anticipation and brand loyalty.