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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2005

Louis Haddad

This paper offers a novel conceptual framework based on decision‐making institutions, structures and principles, for a systemic integration of ethics and economic development…

222

Abstract

This paper offers a novel conceptual framework based on decision‐making institutions, structures and principles, for a systemic integration of ethics and economic development. Within this framework ethical issues are systematically incorporated into the main components of the decision‐making process for sustained economic and ethical development. These components include an optimal decision‐making structure based on merit and justice, proper decision‐making procedures, reliable information flows, rational and moral decision‐making criteria, and an effective motivation structure that includes both material and moral incentives

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International Journal of Development Issues, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1446-8956

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2005

Balbir S. Sihag

Sages and seers in ancient India specified dharma, artha, kama and moksha as the four ends of a moral and productive life and emphasised the attainment of a proper balance between…

684

Abstract

Sages and seers in ancient India specified dharma, artha, kama and moksha as the four ends of a moral and productive life and emphasised the attainment of a proper balance between the spiritual health and the material health. However, most of their intellectual energy was directed towards the attainment of moksha, the salvation from birth‐death‐rebirth cycle. Kautilya, on the other hand considered poverty as a living death and concentrated on devising economic policies to achieve salvation from poverty but without compromising with ethical values unless survival of the state was threatened. Kautilya's Arthashastra is unique in emphasising the imperative of economic growth and welfare of all. According to him, if there is no dharma, there is no society. He believed that ethical values pave the way to heaven as well as to prosperity on the earth, that is, have an intrinsic value as well as an instrumental value. He referred the reader to the Vedas and Philosophy for learning moral theory, which sheds light on the distinction between good and bad and moral and immoral actions. He extended the conceptual framework to deal with conflict of interest situations arising from the emerging capitalism. He dedicated his work to Om (symbol of spirituality, God) and Brihaspati and Sukra (political thinkers) implying, perhaps, that his goal was to integrate ethics and economics. It is argued that the level of integration between economics and ethics is significantly higher in Kautilya's Arthashastra than that in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations or for that matter in the writings of Plato and Aristotle.

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Humanomics, vol. 21 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1995

Louis Haddad

Starting from the premise that ethics is the ‘science’ of free choice or voluntary decisions, it seems economists have a special contribution to make towards a ‘general’ theory of…

94

Abstract

Starting from the premise that ethics is the ‘science’ of free choice or voluntary decisions, it seems economists have a special contribution to make towards a ‘general’ theory of choice to deal with decisions that cut across the social sciences. Economists have devised elaborate and sophisticated theories and techniques (eg. the indifference map, general equilibrium theory) to deal with economic choices and decisions. However, economic decisions are only a sub‐set of decisions which are analytically separate but not independent of other decisions. By treating economic choices as if they were self‐contained, economists in their policy advice and normative economics have committed a major fallacy of separating ‘economic welfare’ from ‘total welfare’. Consequently, their advice may, at best, be ‘good’ economics but are often ‘bad’ ethics or ‘bad’ politics. Conversely, the advice of moralists (or political scientists) may be ‘good’ ethics (or ‘good’ politics) but may often be bad as economics. In either case, the decisions are almost certain to be unsatisfactory or ‘wrong’.

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Humanomics, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0828-8666

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1996

Louis Haddad

Discusses the concept of a well‐functioning economy and attempts to define its principal properties. Examines some aspects of rules of decision making that are essential for the…

1743

Abstract

Discusses the concept of a well‐functioning economy and attempts to define its principal properties. Examines some aspects of rules of decision making that are essential for the generation of optimal decisions. Brings together the selected properties of a well‐functioning economy and the characteristics of decision making, in order to shed light on how a well‐designed decision‐making system can produce an economy that functions and performs well. Comments on the failure of central planning in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 23 no. 4/5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Book part
Publication date: 1 December 2017

Charles Musselwhite

There are many cognitive training tests purporting to both measure older people’s cognitive performance, several of which come with associated training that are deemed to improve…

Abstract

There are many cognitive training tests purporting to both measure older people’s cognitive performance, several of which come with associated training that are deemed to improve cognition. This chapter describes cognitive tests that have been claimed to be linked to driver behaviour, and that training on them could improve driver behaviour. Of special interest are tests that could be completed at home on a computer, as it is suggested this could capture many individuals who are worried about attending a driver assessment centre and are not likely to be referred. Findings suggest that UFOV (Useful Field of View) Time Making Trail (A and B) and Dual N have research suggesting that training on them could improve driver performance for older drivers. However, the robustness of the research is debateable. There are also two physiological tests – a neck and shoulder and a general fitness test that also show promising results for improving driver performance. In addition, education and training is purported to improve driver behaviour, but although there is positive feedback from older people who attend and some short-term improvements, research on long-term improvements on driver behaviour are not yet evident. Overall, there are promising results from individual cognitive, physiological tests and from education and training suggesting that reflection on action and feedback from the task is important to improving driver performance but more research is needed.

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Transport, Travel and Later Life
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-624-2

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Article
Publication date: 23 January 2025

Muamar O. Aldalaeen, Rabia H. Haddad, Talal Bani Ahmad and Noreen Dao-ayen

This study aims to discuss the mental health in the Philippines and the existing laws and health policies governing mental health care among Filipino older adults with serious…

21

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the mental health in the Philippines and the existing laws and health policies governing mental health care among Filipino older adults with serious mental illnesses.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used health policy research to understand the issues and gaps in the Philippine mental health-care system among older adults. The study used deductive methods (based on testing specific hypotheses) and inductive methods of inquiry (based on the formation of general inferences), which are necessary but insufficient for theory development without retroductive reasoning. The researcher believes that critical realism provides a philosophically grounded theoretical framework that can be used to underpin research into causal mechanisms such as in health policy analysis.

Findings

Mental health is integral to holistic health. The commitment to improve mental health services is highlighted in the recent legislative actions of policymakers. Mental health professionals and experts suggest that failure to address mental health and psycho-social problems in a population will hinder attempts to increase social capital, promote human development and reduce poverty.

Originality/value

A disregard for mental health is still apparent. The norm in the Philippines continues to include a chronic shortage of mental health professionals, an inadequate number of mental health facilities and hospitals, a lack of accessible and equitable mental health-care services and treatment, especially for marginalized sectors, and stigma, discrimination and social exclusion against people with mental health conditions are still very widespread. Some people refuse even to get help and treatment for their mental disorders not because of the high cost of treatment but because of the stigma attached to mental disorders.

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Mental Health and Social Inclusion, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-8308

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Article
Publication date: 30 August 2023

Mahmoud Alghemary, Basil Al-Najjar and Nereida Polovina

The authors empirically investigate the association between acquisition, ownership structure and accrual earnings management (AEM) on real earnings management (REM) using Gulf…

297

Abstract

Purpose

The authors empirically investigate the association between acquisition, ownership structure and accrual earnings management (AEM) on real earnings management (REM) using Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-listed firms' context.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' sample consists of 1,892 firm-year observations for the period from 2007–2017, and the authors adopt a panel data approach in investigating the interrelationships in this study. The authors employ different econometrics approach to test the authors' hypotheses.

Findings

The findings reveal that acquiring companies engage more in AEM if compared to REM. In terms of ownership structure, institutional ownership and state ownership mitigate the engagement in REM, whereas foreign ownership is found to be an ineffective mechanism in reducing engagement in REM. The authors report similar findings on ownership structure for AEM. The authors also find that the GCC firms engage more in REM when the firms engage in AEM, suggesting a complementary relation between these two earnings management techniques. These findings are robust after controlling for different aspects including any endogeneity issue in the authors' models.

Originality/value

The authors' research highlights the importance of understanding REM and AEM dynamics in GCC context. Also, the authors' findings on ownership structure suggest that GCC-listed firms can gain from institutional and state ownership which restricts earnings management, improving firm transparency and subsequently impacting firm performance.

Details

Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-1168

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Book part
Publication date: 25 July 2019

Perry Warjiyo and Solikin M. Juhro

Abstract

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Central Bank Policy: Theory and Practice
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78973-751-6

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Article
Publication date: 20 July 2015

Morris Kalliny, Mamoun Benmamoun, Robert A. Cropf and Seung H. Kim

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of large business corporations, particularly media corporations, such as television (e.g. satellite networks), newspapers…

400

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of large business corporations, particularly media corporations, such as television (e.g. satellite networks), newspapers and social media (e.g. Facebook), on institutional change in the Arab world, which directly impact political and civil liberties in the region.

Design/methodology/approach

Although there are several methods to measure institutional change, this paper relied on Kaufmann et al. (2010)’s governance indicators that capture, historically, how authority is exercised in a nation state. As the focus of this paper is on how information flows have empowered citizens in the Arab world, we built a panel database around one relevant governance indicator: “Voice and Accountability”. As a measure of governance, “Voice and Accountability” summarizes the condition of political, civil and human rights such as freedom of expression and freedom of association in a given country. This indicator takes scores ranging from 2.5, corresponding to strong governance, to −2.5, corresponding to weak governance.

Findings

As predicted, the information flows variable has a positive and significant effect on institutional change. Table II also suggests that political globalization has a positive and significant effect on institutional change in the Arab world. In contrast, the variables for cultural proximity and human capital are associated with negative effects on institutional change.

Originality/value

This paper is unique in the sense that it tackles a growing trend in the Arab world, namely, the impact of media on institutions.

Details

The Multinational Business Review, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1525-383X

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2011

Louis Dodson and Dianna A. DaSilva

The main thesis of this paper is that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) hold tremendous opportunities for enhancing the quality and coverage of public goods in…

243

Abstract

The main thesis of this paper is that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) hold tremendous opportunities for enhancing the quality and coverage of public goods in developing countries. Within this context, the paper examines, through a SWOT analysis, the opportunity for using Computer‐Assisted Instruction (CAI) to enhance the quality and coverage of education delivery in Guy ana at the General Secondary School (GSS) level. Its main conclusion in this regard, is that through the use of CAI, the negative effects which the shortages of trained teachers have on the quality of education delivery at the GSS level, can be reduced if not eliminated. Noteworthy, CAI can be used to support Conventional Teacher‐Centered Instruction (CTCI). In addition, it can serve to reduce urban‐rural inequal ity in terms of access to quality secondary education. The paper considers, however, that these opportunities must be predicated on an understanding of the character istic weaknesses of the education system and the related possible threats to effective application of ICT to education delivery. Of import are the informal dynamics that inter‐play in the use of certain ICT in schools, namely computers; the risk of erosion of local educational materials and tools for learning given current indigenous capacity weaknesses and the increased marketability of trained teachers for the foreign market where the application of ICT to learning occurs on a higher level. However, this paper suggests that with prudent policy approaches, the weaknesses can be overcome, the threats can be minimised and therefore the opportunities can be accomplished. In this regard, this paper concludes with policy recommendations.

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