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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1986

Louis G. Pol

Demographic data have proven quite useful in the structuring of some marketing strategies. However, the development of a demographic perspective, which would extend the use of…

2946

Abstract

Demographic data have proven quite useful in the structuring of some marketing strategies. However, the development of a demographic perspective, which would extend the use of what marketers call demographics, has not been forthcoming. This article offers both an explanation of the demographic perspective—how it differs from demographics—along with examples of how this perspective can make demographic data more useful to marketers.

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Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 3 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0736-3761

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1995

Sukgoo Pak and Louis G. Pol

The method most often used to gather information on the attitudesand opinions of retail customers, the exit/location survey, has severalshortcomings. Presents an alternative…

1396

Abstract

The method most often used to gather information on the attitudes and opinions of retail customers, the exit/location survey, has several shortcomings. Presents an alternative method for gathering such data involving two stages: creating a name/ telephone number list via random selection of customers at the retail location, and a subsequent telephone interview. Tests the method in two retail environments and compares the results with those of two other tests of the method. Overall, the method is successful at gathering good quality, detailed data and generates acceptable‐to‐high response rates.

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International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 23 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1995

Martin Fojt

If, as everybody agrees now, business should be about meeting customers’ needs, it makes sense to involve customers as we create strategy. But here lies a problem. Ordinary market…

100

Abstract

If, as everybody agrees now, business should be about meeting customers’ needs, it makes sense to involve customers as we create strategy. But here lies a problem. Ordinary market research techniques are fine for finding out what customers think about what already exists. They are much less good at helping us uncover customers’ attitudes to what might be, or their ideas about what should be.

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International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 23 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2016

Boris Morozov

Decentralization has been a continual focus of attention of both scholars and practitioners for more than half a century. Even though there is a general agreement on what…

344

Abstract

Decentralization has been a continual focus of attention of both scholars and practitioners for more than half a century. Even though there is a general agreement on what decentralization is, there is no consensus about how it should be measured. This article builds on the existing body of literature that specifies three major dimensions of decentralization: political, administrative, and economic. The article offers a measurement model that unifies these dimensions in a meaningful manner that allows for comparison across countries. The proposed model is then empirically tested using confirmatory factor analysis of a data set of 37 countries over the period 2000-2009. This factor analysis reveals that there are, in fact, only two dimensions of the decentralization process. The newly developed modelʼs index illustrates that the conceptually challenging processes of decentralization can be accurately measured and analyzed. The index can be used for hypothesis testing of the causality role of decentralization.

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International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1093-4537

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2005

Georgios I. Zekos

Globalisation is generally defined as the “denationalisation of clusters of political, economic, and social activities” that destabilize the ability of the sovereign State to…

2732

Abstract

Globalisation is generally defined as the “denationalisation of clusters of political, economic, and social activities” that destabilize the ability of the sovereign State to control activities on its territory, due to the rising need to find solutions for universal problems, like the pollution of the environment, on an international level. Globalisation is a complex, forceful legal and social process that take place within an integrated whole with out regard to geographical boundaries. Globalisation thus differs from international activities, which arise between and among States, and it differs from multinational activities that occur in more than one nation‐State. This does not mean that countries are not involved in the sociolegal dynamics that those transboundary process trigger. In a sense, the movements triggered by global processes promote greater economic interdependence among countries. Globalisation can be traced back to the depression preceding World War II and globalisation at that time included spreading of the capitalist economic system as a means of getting access to extended markets. The first step was to create sufficient export surplus to maintain full employment in the capitalist world and secondly establishing a globalized economy where the planet would be united in peace and wealth. The idea of interdependence among quite separate and distinct countries is a very important part of talks on globalisation and a significant side of today’s global political economy.

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Managerial Law, vol. 47 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0558

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1998

Brian H. Kleiner

Presents a special issue, enlisting the help of the author’s students and colleagues, focusing on age, sex, colour and disability discrimination in America. Breaks the evidence…

5446

Abstract

Presents a special issue, enlisting the help of the author’s students and colleagues, focusing on age, sex, colour and disability discrimination in America. Breaks the evidence down into manageable chunks, covering: age discrimination in the workplace; discrimination against African‐Americans; sex discrimination in the workplace; same sex sexual harassment; how to investigate and prove disability discrimination; sexual harassment in the military; when the main US job‐discrimination law applies to small companies; how to investigate and prove racial discrimination; developments concerning race discrimination in the workplace; developments concerning the Equal Pay Act; developments concerning discrimination against workers with HIV or AIDS; developments concerning discrimination based on refusal of family care leave; developments concerning discrimination against gay or lesbian employees; developments concerning discrimination based on colour; how to investigate and prove discrimination concerning based on colour; developments concerning the Equal Pay Act; using statistics in employment discrimination cases; race discrimination in the workplace; developments concerning gender discrimination in the workplace; discrimination in Japanese organizations in America; discrimination in the entertainment industry; discrimination in the utility industry; understanding and effectively managing national origin discrimination; how to investigate and prove hiring discrimination based on colour; and, finally, how to investigate sexual harassment in the workplace.

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Equal Opportunities International, vol. 17 no. 3/4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Georgios I. Zekos

Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way…

11822

Abstract

Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way of using the law in specific circumstances, and shows the variations therein. Sums up that arbitration is much the better way to gok as it avoids delays and expenses, plus the vexation/frustration of normal litigation. Concludes that the US and Greek constitutions and common law tradition in England appear to allow involved parties to choose their own judge, who can thus be an arbitrator. Discusses e‐commerce and speculates on this for the future.

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Managerial Law, vol. 46 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0558

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1999

George K. Chacko

Gives an in depth view of the strategies pursued by the world’s leading chief executive officers in an attempt to provide guidance to new chief executives of today. Considers the…

10002

Abstract

Gives an in depth view of the strategies pursued by the world’s leading chief executive officers in an attempt to provide guidance to new chief executives of today. Considers the marketing strategies employed, together with the organizational structures used and looks at the universal concepts that can be applied to any product. Uses anecdotal evidence to formulate a number of theories which can be used to compare your company with the best in the world. Presents initial survival strategies and then looks at ways companies can broaden their boundaries through manipulation and choice. Covers a huge variety of case studies and examples together with a substantial question and answer section.

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Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 11 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1998

Jeff Madura and Oliver Schnusenberg

Outlines previous research on the impact of US Federal Reserve policies on market interest rates and returns; and the relationship between interest rates and market returns…

849

Abstract

Outlines previous research on the impact of US Federal Reserve policies on market interest rates and returns; and the relationship between interest rates and market returns. Investigates these effects over three time periods: Sept 1974‐Oct 1979 (interest rate targeting through the federal funds rate), Oct 1979‐Aug 1987 (reserves targeting using the discount rate) and Aug 1987‐Jan 1996 (interest rate targeting again); using four mathematical models. Discusses the results, which suggest that changes in the relevant federal policy tool have a significant negative effect on equity returns, especially during the first two periods and when the change reverses previous change. Concludes that announcements of changes in policy contain valuable information not already included in share prices.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 24 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2018

Nicholas Kavish and Brian Boutwell

Criminology has produced more than a century of informative research on the social correlates of criminal behavior. Recently, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work has…

401

Abstract

Purpose

Criminology has produced more than a century of informative research on the social correlates of criminal behavior. Recently, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work has begun to apply evolutionary principles, particularly from life history theory (LHT), to the study of crime. As this body of research continues to grow, it is important that work in this area synthesizes evolutionary principles with the decades of sociological research on the correlates of crime. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The current paper reviews the brief history of research applying life history concepts to criminology, providing an overview of the underlying framework, exploring examples of empirically testable and tested hypotheses that have been derived from the theory, discussing cautions and criticisms of life history research, and discussing how this area of research can be further integrated with existing theory.

Findings

A growing body of research has, with relative consistency, associated indicators of a faster life history strategy with aggression and violence in humans and across the animal kingdom. Research into these associations is still vulnerable to genetic confounding and more research with genetically sensitive designs is needed. The use of hypotheses informed by evolutionary insight and tested with genetically sensitive designs provides the best option for understanding how environmental factors can have an impact on violent and criminal behavior.

Originality/value

The current paper provides an updated review of the growing application of LHT to the study of human behavior and acknowledges criticisms and areas of concern that need to be considered when forming hypotheses for research.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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