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The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique for monitoring gas leakage in underground pipelines to prevent dangerous explosions.

A novel system for monitoring methane concentration in underground spaces was developed by integrating the multi-channeled air sampling method with an infrared gas sensor. A pipe installation methodology (without excavation) was established and verified accordingly.

The proposed approach was proven successful in reducing the quantity of sensors needed for real-time monitoring of underground pipeline leakage by about 80 per cent. Furthermore, this system lowers total operational cost by as much as 60 per cent.

The results presented here represent a possible solution to reducing the public safety risks associated with explosions and fires caused by pipeline leakage in underground spaces. Its total cost is low and its monitoring efficiency is high.

The purpose of this paper is to study the functionality of additively manufactured (AM) parts, mainly depending on their dimensional accuracy and surface finish. However, the products manufactured using AM usually suffer from defects like roughness or uneven surfaces. This paper discusses the various surface quality improvement techniques, including how to reduce surface defects, surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of AM parts.

There are many different types of popular AM methods. Unfortunately, these AM methods are susceptible to different kinds of surface defects in the product. As a result, pre- and postprocessing efforts and control of various AM process parameters are needed to improve the surface quality and reduce surface roughness.

In this paper, the various surface quality improvement methods are categorized based on the type of materials, working principles of AM and types of finishing processes. They have been divided into chemical, thermal, mechanical and hybrid-based categories.

The review has evaluated the possibility of various surface finishing methods for enhancing the surface quality of AM parts. It has also discussed the research perspective of these methods for surface finishing of AM parts at micro- to nanolevel surface roughness and better dimensional accuracy.

This paper represents a comprehensive review of surface quality improvement methods for both metals and polymer-based AM parts.