Loes de Jong, Tom Wilderjans, Jacobiene Meirink, Wouter Schenke, Henk Sligte and Wilfried Admiraal
In professional learning communities (PLCs), teachers collaborate and learn with the aim of improving students' learning. The aim of this study is to gain insight into teachers'…
Abstract
Purpose
In professional learning communities (PLCs), teachers collaborate and learn with the aim of improving students' learning. The aim of this study is to gain insight into teachers' perceptions of their schools' changing toward PLCs and conditions which support or hamper this change.
Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaires were completed by a total of 2.111 teachers from 15 Dutch secondary schools for three years. With the use of multilevel regression analyses, the research questions were answered.
Findings
Although the development of a school toward a PLC seems to be a slow process, the findings demonstrate the influence of school conditions on this development. Human resource management (HRM) stands out, as this school condition has a direct and longitudinal effect on the change.
Practical implications
The main recommendation is to embed PLC elements in HRM policies such as facilitating teachers to collaboratively work and learn and aligning teachers' professional development with schools' vision and ambitions.
Originality/value
PLCs have been studied occasionally in longitudinal in-depth case studies or in large-scale, cross-sectional research. This large-scale longitudinal study provides insights into the sustainability of schools as PLCs and the school conditions that are associated with sustainability.
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Inés Rueda Sampedro, Ana Fernández‐Laviada and Angel Herrero Crespo
Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship surrounding the…
Abstract
Purpose
Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship surrounding the entrepreneurial intention on a university context.
Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypothesis it is used a quantitative research. With a structural equations approach, it is explored the psychological mechanisms that could affect to the entrepreneurial intentions of university students.
Findings
The results obtained show that the advantages related to entrepreneurship, in particular personal rewards, influence positively on the entrepreneurial attitude. However, the disadvantages, in particular economic aspects, have a negative effect. Additionally, the authors test that the gender and the academic training have a moderate effect on the variables which influence on the entrepreneurial intention.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship in two important aspects. First, it goes into detail about the influence that perceived advantages and disadvantages of starting a new business has on entrepreneurial intentions. Second, the authors examine relevant and special collective, university students that try to decide their professional future and, hence, it is a critical period to decide the startup of a new business.
Propósito
Con la Teoría de Comportamiento Planificado como marco de referencia este trabajo analiza la influencia de las ventajas e inconvenientes asociados al emprendimiento sobre la intención emprendedora en un contexto universitario.
Diseño/metodología
Para la contrastación empírica de las hipótesis planteadas se realiza una investigación de naturaleza cuantitativa mediante la cual se exploran los mecanismos psicológicos que podrían guiar las intenciones de emprendimiento de los estudiantes universitarios.
Resultados
Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que las ventajas asociadas al emprendimiento, en especial las recompensas personales, influyen positivamente en la actitud emprendedora, mientras que los inconvenientes asociados al emprendimiento, y en particular los aspectos económicos, ejercen un efecto negativo. Asimismo, se constata que el sexo y los estudios cursados tienen un efecto moderador en las variables que afectan a la intención emprendedora.
Originalidad/Valor
El presente trabajo aporta dos contribuciones fundamentales a la literatura sobre emprendimiento. Por un lado, profundiza en la comprensión de la influencia que tienen en la decisión de emprender las percepciones de los individuos respecto a las ventajas e inconvenientes de crear un negocio propio. Por otro lado, se examina un colectivo de especial relevancia en el ámbito del emprendimiento, como son los estudiantes universitarios, que se encuentran en situación de encaminar su futuro profesional y, por tanto, en un momento crítico para la decisión de crear una empresa propia.
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María Milagros Vivel-Búa and Rubén Lado-Sestayo
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish business sector’s economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America between 2010 and 2016, testing the effectiveness of…
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish business sector’s economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America between 2010 and 2016, testing the effectiveness of hedging with derivatives for the reduction of this risk.
Methodology
Economic exposure is tested with the Jorion model (1990) using both a currency basket and an individualised analysis for the main currencies sustaining business activities between Spain and Latin America: the Mexican peso, Brazilian real, Argentine peso, Chilean peso, and Colombian peso. For the hedging analysis, dynamic panel data models were estimated using a generalised method of moments.
Results
The results reveal that the number of firms with significant economic exposure is sensitive to the temporal frequency of the observations. The evidence denotes that the firms’ export profile is predominant, both when considering a basket of Latin American currencies and when individually considering the five main pairs of currencies. The only exception is the Argentine peso, where firms’ import profile is slightly higher. The Chilean peso stands out as the currency with the greatest number of firms with significant exposure.
Originality
This work provides unpublished evidence on economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America in a recent period characterised by two main aspects: an important devaluation of some Latin American currencies with respect to the euro; and an enhancement of Spanish business activities in the region to favour growth during the recent recession of the Spanish economy.
Propósito
este trabajo analiza la exposición económica al riesgo cambiario en Latinoamérica por parte del sector empresarial español entre 2010 y 2016. Asimismo, evalúa la efectividad de la cobertura con productos derivados en su reducción.
Metodología
la exposición económica es estimada a través del modelo de Jorion (1990), utilizando tanto una cesta de divisas como un análisis individualizado para las principales divisas que sustentan la actividad entre España y Latinoamérica, a saber, Peso mexicano, Real brasileño, Peso argentino, Peso chileno, y Peso colombiano. Respecto al análisis de la cobertura, se estiman modelos dinámicos con datos de panel a través del método generalizado de momentos.
Resultados
los resultados muestran que el número de empresas con exposición económica significativa es sensible a la frecuencia temporal de las observaciones. Asimismo, la evidencia denota que el perfil exportador de las empresas es mayoritario, tanto al considerar una cesta de divisas latinoamericanas como, individualmente, los cinco principales pares de divisas. La única excepción es el peso argentino, donde el perfil importador de las empresas es levemente superior. Asimismo, el peso chileno destaca como la divisa con mayor número de empresas con exposición significativa.
Originalidad
este trabajo aporta evidencia inédita sobre la exposición económica al riesgo cambiario en Latinoamérica en un período reciente caracterizado por dos aspectos principales: i) una importante depreciación de algunas divisas latinoamericanas respecto al euro; ii) una potenciación de la actividad empresarial española en esa región para favorecer su crecimiento durante la reciente recesión de la economía española.
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The PMI Risk Framework (PRF) is introduced as a guide to classifying and identifying risks which can be the source of post-merger integration (PMI) failure — commonly referred to…
Abstract
The PMI Risk Framework (PRF) is introduced as a guide to classifying and identifying risks which can be the source of post-merger integration (PMI) failure — commonly referred to as “culture clash.” To provide managers with actionably insight, PRF dissects PMI risk into specific relationship-oriented phenomena, critical to outcomes and which should be addressed during PMI. This framework is a conceptual and theory-grounded integration of numerous perspectives, such as organizational psychology, group dynamics, social networks, transformational change, and nonlinear dynamics. These concepts are unified and can be acted upon by integration managers. Literary resources for further exploration into the underlying aspects of the framework are provided. The PRF places emphasis on critical facets of PMI, particularly those which are relational in nature, pose an exceptionally high degree of risk, and are recurrent sources of PMI failure. The chapter delves into relationship-oriented points of failure that managers face when overseeing PMI by introducing a relationship-based, PMI risk framework. Managers are often not fully cognizant of these risks, thus fail to manage them judiciously. These risks do not naturally abide by common scholarly classifications and cross disciplinary boundaries; they do not go unrecognized by scholars, but until the introduction of PRF the risks have not been assimilated into a unifying framework. This chapter presents a model of PMI risk by differentiating and specifying numerous types of underlying human-relationship-oriented risks, rather than considering PMI cultural conflict as a monolithic construct.
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The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of performance determinants in foreign-owned subsidiaries (FOSs) located in an emerging economy.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of performance determinants in foreign-owned subsidiaries (FOSs) located in an emerging economy.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey has been conducted of all known FOSs in Taiwan.
Findings
The results show that intra-organisational relationships and subsidiary competences are positively associated with various performance dimensions. Being located in a global city, as well as geographically distant from the home country, seem to have the opposite impact. The moderating factors of subsidiary age and authority are partially relevant.
Research limitations/implications
This study is based on a cross-sectional sample of FOSs in Taiwan.
Practical implications
The study shows that in an emerging market context, being strongly linked with the rest of the multinational enterprises might still be more conducive to subsidiary performance than venturing out. This is an important consideration, given the constant resource constraints for managers.
Practical implications
This study highlights important factors that ought to be taken into consideration by policymakers to attract suitable foreign direct investment.
Originality/value
This study provides a comprehensive test of major performance determinants for FOSs located in an emerging economy.
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Angel Luis Coves Martínez, Carmen M. Sabiote-Ortiz and Juan Miguel Rey-Pino
Each culture is defined by norms, beliefs and values which influence and complicate individual thoughts and actions. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a novel concept that reflects…
Abstract
Purpose
Each culture is defined by norms, beliefs and values which influence and complicate individual thoughts and actions. Cultural intelligence (CQ) is a novel concept that reflects the ability of individuals of certain cultures to adapt to the general conditions of a different society. This study aims to explore the relationship between CQ and technology adoption in the form of intention to use the internet.
Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative empirical study, based on data from a questionnaire completed by 201 university students, proposes three models to analyse the direct, indirect and moderating influence of the CQ on intention to use the internet.
Findings
The study reveals that CQ has an indirect influence on the intention to use the internet.
Originality/value
Most research to date has focused on analysing the influence of CQ in the cross-cultural field. This work contributes to the development of the concept of CQ as a decisive factor in a globalised world and analyses its impact on the internet, a tool that is fundamental at all levels.
Propósito/objetivo
Cada cultura posee unas normas, creencias y valores que la definen, lo que influye en el pensamiento y acciones de los individuos que la componen y dificulta el ajuste entre las mismas. Derivado de esto, la inteligencia cultural (CQ) es un concepto novedoso que refleja la capacidad que tienen los individuos de una determinada cultura de adaptarse a las condiciones generales de otra sociedad diferente. En este estudio, se explora la relación existente entre la CQ y la adopción tecnológica en la intención de uso de Internet.
Diseño/metodología/planteamiento
La muestra está conformada por 201 estudiantes universitarios y los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario. Se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, proponiéndose tres modelos para analizar la influencia de manera directa, indirecta y como factor moderador de la CQ sobre la intención de uso de Internet.
Conclusiones
El estudio revela que la CQ influye indirectamente sobre la intención de uso de Internet.
Aportaciones
La mayoría de las investigaciones hasta el momento se han centrado en analizar la influencia de la CQ en el ámbito cross- cultural. Este trabajo contribuye al desarrollo del concepto CQ como un factor decisivo en el mundo globalizado y analiza su impacto en una herramienta fundamental a todos los niveles como Internet.
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Guido Orzes, Fu Jia, Marco Sartor and Guido Nassimbeni
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between the adoption of Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) – which is considered the most important ethical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between the adoption of Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) – which is considered the most important ethical certification standard – and firm performance, building on agency and contingency theories.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyse secondary longitudinal balance sheet data of listed firms employing a rigorous event-study approach and compare SA8000-certified companies to different control groups based on three matching criteria, i.e., industry, size, and pre-certification performance. The authors then study the moderating effects of the cultural features, the country’s development level, and the labour intensity on the causal relationship through multiple regression methods.
Findings
The authors find that SA8000 certification positively affects labour productivity and sales performance but has no effect on profitability. Furthermore, the study supports that the relationship between SA8000 and profitability is moderated by two cultural features of the home country of the firms (i.e. power distance and uncertainty avoidance).
Originality/value
This is the first study, which empirically tests the effects of the ethical certification SA8000 on firm performance using a cross-country sample. In addition, the authors contribute to the wider debate on the effects of corporate social responsibility practices on firm performance.
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Alma D. Rodríguez and Sandra I. Musanti
This chapter discusses the findings of a qualitative study conducted on the US–Mexico border to investigate preservice bilingual teachers’ understandings of the effective…
Abstract
This chapter discusses the findings of a qualitative study conducted on the US–Mexico border to investigate preservice bilingual teachers’ understandings of the effective practices needed to teach content in bilingual classrooms. Specifically, participants’ understandings of teaching language through content to emergent bilinguals and the role of academic language in a content methods course taught in Spanish for preservice bilingual teachers were explored. The results of the study show that preservice bilingual teachers struggled to internalize how to develop language objectives that embed the four language domains as well as the three levels of academic language into their content lessons. Although participants emphasized vocabulary development, they integrated multiple scaffolding strategies to support emergent bilinguals. Moreover, although preservice bilingual teachers struggled with standard Spanish, they used translanguaging to navigate the discourse of education in their content lessons. The use of academic Spanish was also evident in participants’ planning of instruction. The authors contend that bilingual teacher preparation would benefit from the implementation of a dynamic bilingual curriculum that: (a) incorporates sustained opportunities across coursework for preservice bilingual teachers to strengthen their understanding of content teaching and academic language development for emergent bilinguals; (b) values preservice bilingual teachers’ language varieties, develops metalinguistic awareness, and fosters the ability to navigate between language registers for teaching and learning; and (c) values translanguaging as a pedagogical strategy that provides access to content and language development.
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Claudia Aguirre, Salvador Ruiz de Maya, Mariola Palazón Vidal and Augusto Rodríguez
This study aims to analyze consumer motivations to share information about corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities through electronic word of mouth. It examines the roles…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze consumer motivations to share information about corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities through electronic word of mouth. It examines the roles of self-enhancement, identity signaling and social bonding as antecedents of consumers’ CSR engagement on social media.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach is used with a single-factor between-subjects experimental design in which the presence vs absence of CSR information on a company website is manipulated. The hypotheses are tested through structural equation modeling.
Findings
Results show that after viewing the company’s CSR message on its website, consumers who generated more CSR associations were more motivated to engage with the CSR information to satisfy fundamental personality traits (need for self-enhancement) and social relationship motivations (social bonding), which increased their intention to share the information.
Research limitations/implications
This study is restricted to CSR information on websites. Further research should consider what happens if such information is shared on social media, as consumers are more likely to spread CSR messages when they are shared by other public social network sites.
Practical implications
The study highlights the relevance of including CSR information on websites and offers insights into the importance of considering consumers in disseminating CSR information. Consumers share information when they have personal motivation for doing so.
Social implications
This study put the focus on the role of consumers in the diffusion of corporate information.
Originality/value
The results show the importance of personal motivations such as self-enhancement and social bonding in sharing CSR information on social media.
Propósito
El estudio analiza las motivaciones que tiene el consumidor para compartir información sobre acciones de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) a través de boca oído electrónico (eWOM). En particular, las motivaciones de mejora del auto-concepto, necesidad de mostrar una identidad deseada y la vinculación social.
Metodología
Se utiliza un diseño experimental entre sujetos donde se manipuló la presencia vs ausencia de información sobre la RSC de la empresa. Las hipótesis se contrastaron mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Resultados
Los resultados muestran que los consumidores con más asociaciones de RSC comparten más la información de RSC motivados por satisfacer la mejora del auto-concepto y vinculación social.
Implicaciones prácticas
El estudio destaca la importancia de generar contenido de RSC en el sitio web de la empresa, y la importancia de los consumidores en la difusión de información de dicha información.
Limitaciones
El estudio está restringido a la presencia de información de RSC en el sitio web de la empresa. Sería interesante evaluar lo que sucede si dicha información se comparte en redes sociales, en la medida en que los consumidores tienen mayor tendencia a compartir la información procedente de redes sociales.
Originalidad
Los resultados muestran la importancia de las motivaciones personales como la mejora del auto-concepto y la vinculación social a la hora compartir información de RSC en las redes sociales.
目的
本研究分析了消费者通过电子口碑分享企业社会责任(CSR)活动信息的动机。它研究了自我提升、身份信号和社会联系作为消费者在社交媒体上参与企业社会责任的前因的作用。
方法
采用单因素主体间实验设计的定量方法, 对公司网站上企业社会责任信息的存在与否进行操纵。假设通过使用R软件包lavaan的结构方程模型进行检验。
研究结果
结果显示, 在观看公司网站上的企业社会责任信息后, 产生更多企业社会责任联想的消费者更有动力参与到企业社会责任信息中, 以满足基本的人格特征(自我提升的需要)和社会关系动机(社会纽带), 这增加了他们分享信息的意向。
实践意义
该研究强调了将企业社会责任信息纳入网站的相关性, 并对在传播企业社会责任信息时考虑消费者的重要性提出了见解。消费者在有个人动机的情况下会分享信息。
研究局限性
本研究仅限于网站上的企业社会责任信息。进一步的研究应该考虑到社交媒体, 因为当消费者在其他公共社交网站上分享企业社会责任信息时, 他们更有可能进行传播。
原创性
研究结果表明, 在社交媒体上分享企业社会责任信息时, 自我提升和社会联系等个人动机的重要性。
Details
Keywords
- Corporate social responsibility
- CSR communication
- CSR engagement
- Self-enhancement
- Identity signaling
- Social bonding
- Responsabilidad social corporativa
- Comunicación de la RSC
- Asociaciones de RSC
- Compromiso con la RSC
- Mejora del auto-concepto
- Mostrar una identidad deseada
- Vinculación social
- 企业社会责任
- 企业社会责任传播
- 企业社会责任参与
- 自我提升
- 身份信号
- 社会纽带