Wai Kwan Lau, Loan N.T. Pham and Lam Dang Nguyen
The purpose of this paper is to lay the necessary conceptual and empirical groundwork that advances knowledge about paternalistic leadership (PL). PL is reinterpreted as a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to lay the necessary conceptual and empirical groundwork that advances knowledge about paternalistic leadership (PL). PL is reinterpreted as a leadership style consisting of authoritative, moral and benevolent leadership. The mediating role of trust is examined, and a formal, unified construct model of PL is suggested through evidence of construct validity.
Design/methodology/approach
An on-site survey was used to collect data from 312 full-time employees in nine organizations in China. Factor analysis, reliability and validity test, and an analysis of bivariate correlations were conducted.
Findings
The new construct of PL achieved a positive alignment and coherence among the three dimensions. Subordinates’ trust was found to be critical for paternalistic leaders to be perceived as effective leaders.
Research limitations/implications
Leadership and its effectiveness were examined only at the dyadic level. The levels of the supervisors and their effectiveness differ because some were from middle management, whereas others were from first line managers.
Practical implications
Trust is an important explanatory mechanism for the relationship between PL and employee performance, especially in China. It is a key factor that creates loyalty and builds a good relationship between leaders and subordinates.
Social implications
Trust signals a strong sense of sharing within the relationship. It induces positive emotional feelings in their leader by the subordinates and, therefore, taps into positive evaluations about the effectiveness of their leader.
Originality/value
This study developed the theoretical underpinnings and provided measurement instruments for PL. It offered a formal, unified construct model of PL.
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Loan N.T Pham, Lam Dang Nguyen and Monica J Favia
The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes toward business ethics of Vietnamese business students based on gender and the experience of having taken a business ethics…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes toward business ethics of Vietnamese business students based on gender and the experience of having taken a business ethics course.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative self-administered survey was conducted with a convenience sample of Vietnamese business students at a banking university in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This study used the 30-item Attitudes Toward Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) constructed by Neumann and Reichel (1987) based on the work of Stevens (1979). The Vietnamese version questionnaire was distributed, and 282 surveys were used for analysis. An item-by-item analysis was conducted based on gender and the experience of having taken a business ethics course.
Findings
Significant differences were found on seven items based on gender and four items based on the experience of having taken a business ethics course. However, respondents appeared to have similar attitudes on the majority of the items.
Research limitations/implications
Perhaps the greatest limitation of this study is the relatively uneven distribution of the respondents in the sample. The sample is skewed slightly toward women who are a bit older, fourth year or post-graduate and those who have not taken a business ethics course. In addition convenience sampling technique reduced its generalizability. This study is important because it supports the idea of ethics education to improve ethical decision-making of future business leaders and that education has an effect in Vietnam.
Practical implications
As business students are the main subjects of this research, it can be useful for those involved in development of management and business education in Vietnam to have an overview on how gender impacts business students’ ethics perception. For the executives of multinational corporations, this study provides important information and adds support to a decision to do business in Vietnam.
Social implications
Although there may be a perception of a less than ethical climate in Vietnam based on its Corruption Perception Index scores, it appears that Vietnamese business students in general express an ethical viewpoint. This study emphasizes the importance of ethics education that is culture-specific to build a strong ethical business environment that can help Vietnam prevent bribery and corruption and achieve sustainable growth and prosperity.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the attitudes toward business ethics research and sheds light on the impact of gender and education (business ethics course) on Vietnamese business students’ ethical attitudes. There has been little research on business ethics in Vietnam. Academicians, managers, practitioners, policymakers, government leaders and the like can benefit from the findings of this paper.
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Thanh Pham Thien Nguyen, Nga Thu Trinh and Son Nghiem
This study aims to investigate the relationships between loan growth, loan losses and net income after the 2008 global financial crisis. This study further conducts a comparative…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationships between loan growth, loan losses and net income after the 2008 global financial crisis. This study further conducts a comparative analysis by considering the period of COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel data models such as one-step system GMM, random effects, fixed effects and OLS, with a data set of 131 Chinese commercial banks from 2009 to 2020.
Findings
The study finds no significant relationship between loan growth and future loan losses. However, after adjusting loan loss by net interest income (NII-adjusted loan loss), the study reveals that loan growth in the subsequent year decreases if NII-adjusted loan loss increases. The study also demonstrates the positive effect of loan growth on net income as newly expanded loans are funded at similar costs but offered at a lower rate compared with existing loans. During COVID-19, loan growth and net income were higher than in previous years.
Originality/value
The findings suggest that Chinese banks can increase lending to support the economy without sacrificing loan quality, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and enhancing credit policies and practices. Chinese banks should also continue to refine their pricing strategies for loans and deposits. The findings also imply that China's policy responses to the impact of COVID-19 could serve as lessons for future policy decisions.
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Trung H. Le, Nhung Nguyen and Minh Pham
The authors investigate the impacts of international capital inflows on bank lending in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations-6 (ASEAN-6) countries on the dynamics of both…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors investigate the impacts of international capital inflows on bank lending in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations-6 (ASEAN-6) countries on the dynamics of both bank loan volumes and credit risk-taking. The authors further explore the heterogenous impacts of different components of the foreign capital. As a robustness check, the authors also examine the role of crisis periods and agency problem on the relationship between international capital inflows and bank lending.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors explore the impacts of international capital inflows on bank lending in the ASEAN-6 countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam. The authors employ quarterly data from 2005Q1 to 2021Q2 from 45 commercial banks in the ASEAN-6 countries. The article uses bank-fixed and time-fixed effects in the panel dataset to account for any unobserved heterogeneity.
Findings
The authors find that capital inflows to the ASEAN-6 countries are associated with higher bank loan growth and lower loan loss provisions to net interest income ratios. Moreover, the positive relationships between capital inflows to the bank loan growth and credit risk-taking are mainly driven by the dynamics in foreign direct investments (FDIs) and other inflow (OI) components. Contrary to the global financial crisis (GFC), the authors note that the mediating role of capital inflows on bank lending is of particular importance in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research limitations/implications
This study has some limitations that provide vendors for future research. First, while the authors focus on the impact of capital inflows on bank-level lending activities, future research can also explore the role of foreign capital on bank efficiency and financial stability. Second, although foreign capital fluctuates the most during crisis periods, the movement of capital inflows is also sensitive to other periods of heightened global uncertainty. Thus, rather than focus on the behavior of foreign capital during crisis periods, future research can examine and explore the impacts of capital inflows in different periods of “stop” and “surge” for sudden contraction and boom in capital inflows to the ASEAN-6 countries.
Originality/value
First, the authors provide a comprehensive analysis of international capital inflows' impact on bank lending in the ASEAN region on both bank loan volumes and credit risk-taking. Second, the authors provide evidence of the impact of different forms of foreign capital on the bank lending. Third, the authors investigate the heterogeneous impact of foreign capital on crisis periods and bank sizes, which the authors emphasize the unusual characteristics of the COVID-19 crisis compared with the GFC.
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Huy Pham, Thai Nguyen Vu Hong, Hanh Le and Mai Bui
This chapter examines the effects of financial technology news on banks’ return, efficiency and profitability in China and Vietnam from 2011 to 2019. The authors use various asset…
Abstract
This chapter examines the effects of financial technology news on banks’ return, efficiency and profitability in China and Vietnam from 2011 to 2019. The authors use various asset pricing models to estimate the abnormal returns (AR) of various listed Chinese and Vietnamese banks following their announcements of FinTech adoption. The authors also use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine whether financial technology improves banks’ efficiency and profitability. The results of this study show that only six banks showed positive reactions, 15 banks experienced negative reactions, 11 banks exhibited mixed reactions and eight banks indicated no reactions to financial technology news in China. On the other hand, the authors find that financial technology is welcomed by Vietnamese banks whereby most of them experience mixed reactions with the domination of positive reactions. The authors also find a lower efficiency level in early adopters of financial technology and reduced profitability in the first year when they started applying financial technology.
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Linh Ha Nguyen, Tam Thanh Le, Hoa Quynh Ha, Hung Viet Nguyen, Minh Tue Bui, Anh Tran Xuan Pham, Anh Quang Bui and Huong Nguyet Trieu
This research examines how bank competition and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect the stability of Vietnamese commercial banks.
Abstract
Purpose
This research examines how bank competition and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect the stability of Vietnamese commercial banks.
Design/methodology/approach
Utilizing data collected from 24 commercial banks spanning the period from 2015 to 2022, the paper employs the two-step system generalized method of moments (SGMM) regression method to find the impact of competition and CSR on commercial banks’ stability in Vietnam.
Findings
The key findings are (1) increased competition boosts commercial bank stability; (2) economic and environmental CSR initiatives adversely affect bank stability, while social CSR has a positive impact; (3) seven other factors are also identified to enhance bank stability, including bank size, cost management efficiency, independent management, inflation, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, monetary policy and volatility time.
Originality/value
Prior studies have not concurrently incorporated both CSR and bank competition in their investigations of bank financial stability. Specifically, the comprehensive components of CSR remain underexplored, with a predominant focus on its environmental dimension. This research stands out as one of the few endeavors scrutinizing the influence of competition and CSR on commercial bank financial stability in Vietnam, with a detailed investigation of all three components of CSR.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2024-0316
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Vinka Amalia Hasta Barata and Taufik Faturohman
Regarding the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, regional development banks or Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) are affected by the problem of non-performing loan (NPL) that…
Abstract
Regarding the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, regional development banks or Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) are affected by the problem of non-performing loan (NPL) that plagues national banks. This study aims to find which microeconomic and macroeconomic factors significantly influence the regional development banks’ risk-taking behaviour and the effect COVID-19 pandemic on NPL. Microeconomic factors to be examined include credit growth, profitability, capitalisation, capital adequacy, bank size, credit volume, bank liquidity, and operational inefficiency. Macroeconomic factors to be examined include regional economic growth, deposit density (DD), deposits per branch (DB), and specialisation index (SI). This study employs a fixed effect panel data model with robust standard errors. The findings show evidence that credit volume is the only microeconomic factor that significantly influences regional development banks’ risk-taking behaviour. Meanwhile, DD, DB, and SI are the macroeconomic factors that significantly influence regional development banks’ risk-taking behaviour. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influence regional development banks’ risk-taking behaviour.
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Phong Hoang Nguyen and Duyen Thi Bich Pham
The study examines the impact of income diversification on cost efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks over the period 2005–2017.
Abstract
Purpose
The study examines the impact of income diversification on cost efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks over the period 2005–2017.
Design/methodology/approach
Income diversification indicators are designed based on measures of diversifying loan portfolio. Besides the traditional model, we use the Fractional Regression to estimate the model with dependent variables defined on the unit interval.
Findings
Through the two-stage DEA analysis, we find that the income diversification has a positive impact on the cost efficiency of banks. In addition, this impact is stronger for unlisted banks and in the phase of banking system ongoing restructuring.
Originality/value
The use of a variety of income diversification measures and estimation methods for models with bounded dependent variable has provided a reliable empirical evidence of the advantages of implementing a strategy on structural diversity of both interest and non-interest income in the emerging banking markets such as Vietnam.
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Leese L. Mendy, Sheng-Yung Yang and Wei-Zhong Shi
This chapter examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on bank profitability, using a sample of US banks from 2001 to 2016. We find a robust negative relationship…
Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on bank profitability, using a sample of US banks from 2001 to 2016. We find a robust negative relationship between the aggregate level of policy uncertainty and bank profitability. The channel analysis shows that policy uncertainty can significantly reduce loan growth and increase the nonperforming loan ratio. More importantly, we find critical evidence that bank capital can improve the impact of policy uncertainty on the bank's economic performance and operation. Overall, this chapter has an important policy implication: policymakers can reduce the adverse effect of policy uncertainty on the banking industry through measures to stabilize bank capital adequacy.
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Le-Nguyen Duc Chinh and Martin Hayden
Vietnam is firmly committed to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals articulated in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Goal 4 concerns quality…
Abstract
Vietnam is firmly committed to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals articulated in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Goal 4 concerns quality education, and target 4.3 refers to ensuring access by all men and women to quality and affordable technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university education. In 2017, the Prime Minister issued a directive that included five actions to be taken by Vietnam’s Ministry of Education and Training to achieve target 4.3 in the context of the higher education sector. This chapter provides an opportunity to review some challenges the Ministry faces in implementing the five actions specified.