Jie Pei, Linsey Griffin, Susan P. Ashdown and Jintu Fan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the shape change of breast during movement to inform product development of bras and other female wearable products.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the shape change of breast during movement to inform product development of bras and other female wearable products.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the latest 4D body scanning technology, the authors monitored the change of seven non-circumferential breast measurements, including four linear measurements (widths, depth, etc.) and three angular measurements, across nine dynamic scans of a complete gait cycle during running. A series of statistical analysis were conducted to thoroughly investigate the measurement values in dynamic states compared with values extracted from static 3D scans.
Findings
Major findings are as follows: (1) For width-underbust, chest-depth, vertical-acromion and angle ABD, more than half of the dynamic frames presents a significant difference with the static frame. (2) Width-underbust and chest-depth measured in static can underestimate the actual values under motion. (3) vertical-acromion presents a W-shaped general trend for the nine dynamic frames with peaks observed at the keyframes (i.e. when a participant's right or left knee bends the most and rises to its highest level) and lows at the intermediate frames. (4) Angle ABD and angle BAD both present an M-shaped general trend, the exact opposite of a W-shaped trend.
Originality/value
While 3D body scanning and motion capture systems have both contributed significantly to the study of breast, 4D body scanning incorporates the advantages of both technologies and captures the 3D surface of the body during movement at each instant moment. This is one of the first studies that adopt the new technology for apparel applications.
Details
Keywords
João Luís Guilherme Benassi, Daniel Capaldo Amaral and Lucelindo Dias Ferreira
Many publications emphasize the importance of product vision and its contribution to successful product development. However, the current literature lacks a definition. The…
Abstract
Purpose
Many publications emphasize the importance of product vision and its contribution to successful product development. However, the current literature lacks a definition. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model that unites and organizes the definitions of product vision, the construct’s latent components, and demonstrates the relationship of product vision to the existing theories.
Design/methodology/approach
The study conducted two exploratory literature reviews to find the initial key concepts, and a systematic literature review to define the product vision construct and identify its components.
Findings
This paper proposes a framework that defines product vision through two main elements (textual and visual) and four main properties (concise, challenging, aligned with strategy, and collectively obtained).
Research limitations/implications
While the proposed framework constructs a more precise definition of product vision, more research is required to validate the construct in practice.
Originality/value
This paper reduces the ambiguity around the definitions of product vision employed in areas such as design management, project management, and product development by proposing an operational definition. This common and useful construct could support the communication and complementarity between these theories.