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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2007

Linn Marks Collins, Jeremy A.T. Hussell, Robert K. Hettinga, James E. Powell, Ketan K. Mane and Mark L.B. Martinez

To describe how information visualization can be used in the design of interface tools for large‐scale repositories.

938

Abstract

Purpose

To describe how information visualization can be used in the design of interface tools for large‐scale repositories.

Design/methodology/approach

One challenge for designers in the context of large‐scale repositories is to create interface tools that help users find specific information of interest. In order to be most effective, these tools need to leverage the cognitive characteristics of the target users. At the Los Alamos National Laboratory, the authors' target users are scientists and engineers who can be characterized as higher‐order, analytical thinkers. In this paper, the authors describe a visualization tool they have created for making the authors' large‐scale digital object repositories more usable for them: SearchGraph, which facilitates data set analysis by displaying search results in the form of a two‐ or three‐dimensional interactive scatter plot.

Findings

Using SearchGraph, users can view a condensed, abstract visualization of search results. They can view the same dataset from multiple perspectives by manipulating several display, sort, and filter options. Doing so allows them to see different patterns in the dataset. For example, they can apply a logarithmic transformation in order to create more scatter in a dense cluster of data points or they can apply filters in order to focus on a specific subset of data points.

Originality/value

SearchGraph is a creative solution to the problem of how to design interface tools for large‐scale repositories. It is particularly appropriate for the authors' target users, who are scientists and engineers. It extends the work of the first two authors on ActiveGraph, a read‐write digital library visualization tool.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 25 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 2 November 2010

James Powell, Ketan Mane, Linn Marks Collins, Mark L.B. Martinez and Tamara McMahon

The purpose of this paper is to explore motivations for libraries to build location aware services.

490

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore motivations for libraries to build location aware services.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines various techniques for generating geo‐referenced metadata, including converting placenames to coordinates and using entity extraction to discover places in unstructured text, such as abstracts. It describes several prototype services developed, which deliver geo‐referenced data in different ways – as search results overlaid onto a map, as location specific data delivered to location aware mobile devices just in time, and as raw structured metadata supplied by web services, which could be combined with other data sets in support of e‐science.

Findings

Although library metadata standards can accommodate location, catalogers rarely provide location information related to the content of the intellectual product. Entity extraction services can find location information in free text contents, such as abstracts, and even provide the appropriate coordinates for the identified places, thus enabling geo‐referenced browsing and searching of metadata. Libraries should consider multiple strategies for delivering these data, to maximize its utility for end users. Just‐in‐time information retrieval is rarely used in library systems, but is an essential technique for mobile location‐based information services.

Originality/value

The paper describes several distinct ways in which location‐based information services can be delivered to end users. It also examines techniques for enhancing bibliographic metadata with location information.

Details

Library Hi Tech News, vol. 27 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0741-9058

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Article
Publication date: 20 March 2017

Colleen Hayes and Kerry Jacobs

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the issue of the entry of women into the Anglo-Australian accounting profession in the Second World War and provide insights on the role…

1635

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the issue of the entry of women into the Anglo-Australian accounting profession in the Second World War and provide insights on the role that gender, class, and ethnicity played in mediating women’s relations with the accounting profession in that period.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the narratives of three women from diverse social backgrounds who entered the Anglo-Australian profession during this period.

Findings

The analysis indicates that while participants had the mindset needed for accounting work, the more removed the individual’s perceived social identity was from her perception of the dominant British, white, middle-class ideology of the profession, the less likely she was to embrace the opportunity to join the accounting profession. The distance was anchored in social (ethnicity and class) and historical forces. The study also finds that the appropriation of education and credentials ameliorated disadvantages accruing from gender and working-class status.

Practical implications

This study has implications for our understanding of the accounting profession and what is required to reduce the risks of marginalization in a contemporary setting.

Originality/value

The study provides a richer understanding of how class and ethnicity shape the female experience differently. The results also demonstrate that in times of social change, the processes of inclusion and exclusion are not confined to the deliberations of the accounting profession but also the individual. Whether the women valued accounting as an occupation depended on whether or not if offered them the freedom to achieve what they valued most. At the same time, however, the freedom to realize what they valued most was a function of class and ethnicity. Finally, the results demonstrate the capacity of unique experience to shape the perceptions, aspirations and actions of women.

Details

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-3574

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2006

Christian Voigt and Paula M.C. Swatman

This article presents the first stage of a design‐based research project to introduce case‐based learning using existing interactive technologies in a major Australian university…

692

Abstract

This article presents the first stage of a design‐based research project to introduce case‐based learning using existing interactive technologies in a major Australian university. The paper initially outlines the relationship between casebased learning, student interaction and the study of interactions ‐ and includes a review of research into technologies supporting varying types of interaction. We then introduce design‐based research (DBR) as a way of improving student interaction within an undergraduate e‐business course while simultaneously adding practical and theoretical insights to the literature in the field. Applying DBR, we present the learning environment used and analyse the interactions observed. The paper concludes with a summary of our findings concerning instructional means to make online interactions more meaningful and a discussion of future research activities within the project using design‐based research.

Details

Interactive Technology and Smart Education, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-5659

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 13 August 2018

Robert L. Dipboye

Abstract

Details

The Emerald Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-786-9

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2012

James Powell, Linn Collins, Ariane Eberhardt, David Izraelevitz, Jorge Roman, Thomas Dufresne, Mark Scott, Miriam Blake and Gary Grider

The purpose of this paper is to describe a process for extracting and matching author names from large collections of bibliographic metadata using the Hadoop implementation of…

472

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a process for extracting and matching author names from large collections of bibliographic metadata using the Hadoop implementation of MapReduce. It considers the challenges and risks associated with name matching on such a large‐scale and proposes simple matching heuristics for the reduce process. The resulting semantic graphs of authors link names to publications, and include additional features such as phonetic representations of author last names. The authors believe that this achieves an appropriate level of matching at scale, and enables further matching to be performed with graph analysis tools.

Design/methodology/approach

A topically‐focused collection of metadata records describing peer‐reviewed papers was generated based upon a search. The matching records were harvested and stored in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for processing by hadoop. A MapReduce job was written to perform coarse‐grain author name matching, and multiple papers were matched with authors when the names were very similar or identical. Semantic graphs were generated so that the graphs could be analyzed to perform finer grained matching, for example by using other metadata such as subject headings.

Findings

When performing author name matching at scale using MapReduce, the heuristics that determine whether names match should be limited to the rules that yield the most reliable results for matching. Bad rules will result in lots of errors, at scale. MapReduce can also be used to generate or extract other data that might help resolve similar names when stricter rules fail to do so. The authors also found that matching is more reliable within a well‐defined topic domain.

Originality/value

Libraries have some of the same big data challenges as are found in data‐driven science. Big data tools such as hadoop can be used to explore large metadata collections, and these collections can be used as surrogates for other real world, big data problems. MapReduce activities need to be appropriately scoped so as to yield good results, while keeping an eye out for problems in code which can be magnified in the output from a MapReduce job.

Details

Library Hi Tech News, vol. 29 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0741-9058

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 28 September 2012

Lorna Collins and Nicholas O'Regan

629

Abstract

Details

Journal of Family Business Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-6238

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Book part
Publication date: 10 July 2014

To examine how reading in electronic formats differs from traditional reading of print.

Abstract

Purpose

To examine how reading in electronic formats differs from traditional reading of print.

Design/methodology/approach

Concepts about digital print are discussed alongside research studies in fields related to multisensory technologies and electronic means of communication. A model of online reading is proposed integrating aspects of information foraging theory. Pedagogical applications are needed to integrate e-reading theory within classrooms.

Findings

With the varied text structures, directionality concerns, and interactive text features, our attention must turn to the theoretical foundations that underpin digital literacy learning today. Online foraging schemes can explain how information is sought and retrieved when reading new information from digital mediums.

Practical implications

Teachers must address the current, digital literacy needs of their students, thus preparing them for challenges in the 21st century. Varying text structures within digital formats as well as providing as-needed facilitation are the scaffolds that students need today. Using technologies such as digital games, tools, and contexts advances the mission of resource-based teaching and learning.

Details

Theoretical Models of Learning and Literacy Development
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-821-1

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Book part
Publication date: 1 December 2022

Julie A. Kmec, Lindsey T. O’Connor and Shekinah Hoffman

Building on work that explores the relationship between individual beliefs and ability to recognize discrimination (e.g., Kaiser and Major, 2006), we examine how an adherence to…

Abstract

Building on work that explores the relationship between individual beliefs and ability to recognize discrimination (e.g., Kaiser and Major, 2006), we examine how an adherence to beliefs about gender essentialism, gender egalitarianism, and meritocracy shape one’s interpretation of an illegal act of sexual harassment involving a male supervisor and female subordinate. We also consider whether the role of the gendered culture of engineering (Faulkner, 2009) matters for this relationship. Specifically, we conducted an online survey-experiment asking individuals to report their beliefs about gender and meritocracy and subsequently to evaluate a fictitious but illegal act of sexual harassment in one of two university research settings: an engineering department, a male-dominated setting whose culture is documented as being unwelcoming to women (Hatmaker, 2013; Seron, Silbey, Cech, and Rubineau, 2018), and an ambiguous research setting. We find evidence that the stronger one’s adherence to gender egalitarian beliefs, the greater one’s ability to detect inappropriate behavior and sexual harassment while gender essentialist beliefs play no role in their detection. The stronger one’s adherence to merit beliefs, the less likely they are to view an illegal interaction as either inappropriate or as sexual harassment. We account for respondent knowledge of sexual harassment and their socio-demographic characteristics, finding that the former is more often associated with the detection of inappropriate behavior and sexual harassment at work. We close with a discussion of the transferability of results and policy implications of our findings.

Details

Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80117-959-1

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1986

RUTH KERNS

A country no stronger than its information As a result of the new Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings law which mandates a balanced federal budget by 1991 (a cut of $9.9m), and an $8.4 in…

41

Abstract

A country no stronger than its information As a result of the new Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings law which mandates a balanced federal budget by 1991 (a cut of $9.9m), and an $8.4 in budget reduction by Congress, the Library of Congress is suffering a total cutback of 7.6% from last year. This means a loss of $1 in every $13. The total number of hours open will be reduced by 30% per week; evening and weekend hours by 59%. The Library will be unable to purchase some 80 000 new books.

Details

New Library World, vol. 87 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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