Jeffrey Legault, Pablo Quiňones, Mark G. Pedretti, Alexandra Poe and Lina Zhou
The purpose of this paper is to explain various regulatory risks and problem areas facing private equity firms and to recommend compliance policies and procedures to minimize…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain various regulatory risks and problem areas facing private equity firms and to recommend compliance policies and procedures to minimize those risks.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper explains several problem areas that have been the subject of regulatory investigations, including fees and expenses, antitrust, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), fundraising, and insider trading.
Findings
Regulators and prosecutors are increasingly focusing on private equity firms.
Practical implications
Many private equity advisers met their registration deadlines but have not dedicated meaningful attention to customizing and implementing compliance policies and procedures, often purchased from non-law firm compliance consultants. Now is the time to take the next step.
Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
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Tim Finin, Li Ding, Lina Zhou and Anupam Joshi
Aims to investigate the way that the semantic web is being used to represent and process social network information.
Abstract
Purpose
Aims to investigate the way that the semantic web is being used to represent and process social network information.
Design/methodology/approach
The Swoogle semantic web search engine was used to construct several large data sets of Resource Description Framework (RDF) documents with social network information that were encoded using the “Friend of a Friend” (FOAF) ontology. The datasets were analyzed to discover how FOAF is being used and investigate the kinds of social networks found on the web.
Findings
The FOAF ontology is the most widely used domain ontology on the semantic web. People are using it in an open and extensible manner by defining new classes and properties to use with FOAF.
Research limitations/implications
RDF data was only obtained from public RDF documents published on the web. Some RDF FOAF data may be unavailable because it is behind firewalls, on intranets or stored in private databases. The ways in which the semantic web languages RDF and OWL are being used (and abused) are dynamic and still evolving. A similar study done two years from now may show very different results.
Originality/value
This paper describes how social networks are being encoded and used on the world wide web in the form of RDF documents and the FOAF ontology. It provides data on large social networks as well as insights on how the semantic web is being used in 2005.
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Lina Syazwana Kamaruzzaman and Yingxin Goh
This paper aims to review recent reports on mechanical properties of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders (where X is an additional alloying element), in terms of the tensile properties…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to review recent reports on mechanical properties of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders (where X is an additional alloying element), in terms of the tensile properties, hardness and shear strength. Then, the effects of alloying in Sn-Bi solder are compared in terms of the discussed mechanical properties. The fracture morphologies of tensile shear tested solders are also reviewed to correlate the microstructural changes with mechanical properties of Sn-Bi-X solder alloys.
Design/methodology/approach
A brief introduction on Sn-Bi solder and reasons to enhance the mechanical properties of Sn-Bi solder. The latest reports on Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders are combined in the form of tables and figures for each section. The presented data are discussed by comparing the testing method, technical setup, specimen dimension and alloying element weight percentage, which affect the mechanical properties of Sn-Bi solder.
Findings
The addition of alloying elements could enhance the tensile properties, hardness and/or shear strength of Sn-Bi solder for low-temperature solder application. Different weight percentage alloying elements affect differently on Sn-Bi solder mechanical properties.
Originality/value
This paper provides a compilation of latest report on tensile properties, hardness, shear strength and deformation of Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X solders and the latest trends and in-depth understanding of the effect of alloying elements in Sn-Bi solder mechanical properties.
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Lina Zhong, Sunny Sun, Rob Law, Xiaonan Li and Baolin Deng
The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the evolution of health tourism development, identify relevant themes and segments of health tourism research and offer…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the evolution of health tourism development, identify relevant themes and segments of health tourism research and offer future research directions and practical implications for academic researchers and tourism practitioners worldwide using China as an example.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a bibliometric analysis, the present study comprehensively analyzes the theme, segments and the evolution of health tourism research over the past 40 years in China.
Findings
Major findings show that health tourism research in China could be divided into four stages with different characteristics, and three segments, including wellness tourism, health and wellness tourism and medical tourism. Findings also reveal the trend of health tourism development tends to be industrialized, diversified and systematic under the guidance of recent policies. Theoretically, based on the theoretical framework developed by Hall (2011), the present study contributes to the establishment and extension of the framework for health tourism within the context of China. Practically, findings can provide health tourism-related policy implications for the future development of health or health sector-integrated tourism.
Research limitations/implications
The study proposes possible collaboration between government and academia in terms of health tourism-related policy formulation.
Originality/value
Through 40-year bibliometric analysis of health tourism evolution in China, the present study explores the main themes of health tourism development, identifies the segments of health tourism and analyzes the development stages of health tourism. Findings should be of use to international readers to better understand the uniqueness of health tourism development and find out possible future health tourism development research directions. As a result, major contributions of this paper are the comprehensive analysis of the evolution of health tourism research and the implications on other countries and regions to adopt a pragmatic approach to explore the trend and unique characteristics of health tourism for future development.
目的
本研究旨在系统地分析中国健康旅游的演变过程, 探索健康旅游研究的相关主题及细分领域, 并为全球学术研究人员及旅游从业者提供未来的研究方向。
设计/研究方法
此研究通过文献计量学的研究方法, 全面分析了中国近40年健康旅游研究的主题、细分以及演变。
结果
中国健康旅游研究根据其发展特点可以分为四个阶段及三个细分主题:分别是养生旅游, 康养旅游及医疗旅游。调查结果还表明, 在近期政策的引导下, 健康旅游发展趋于产业化、多元化和系统化。从理论意义来说, 本研究基于Hall (2011) 提出的理论框架, 构建了中国背景下的健康旅游框架。从实践意义来说, 研究结果可以为健康和旅游业相关部门提供政策建议。
启示
此研究还有助于促进政府和学术界在健康旅游政策制定方面的合作。
原创性
此研究通过对中国近40年健康旅游的研究进行文献计量分析, 探索了健康旅游发展的主题, 分析了健康旅游的细分市场以及发展阶段。研究结果有助于学术界及旅游业更好地了解健康旅游发展的独特性及未来健康旅游的研究方向。因此, 本研究的主要贡献是全面地分析了健康旅游研究的演变, 并有助于其他国家/地区探索未来健康旅游的发展趋势和其独特特征。
Objetivo
El propósito del presente estudio es analizar sistemáticamente la evolución del desarrollo del turismo de salud, identificar temas y segmentos relevantes de la investigación en turismo de salud y ofrecer direcciones de investigación futuras e implicaciones prácticas para investigadores académicos y profesionales del turismo en todo el mundo utilizando a China como ejemplo.
Diseño/metodología/método
Mediante un análisis bibliométrico, el presente estudio analiza exhaustivamente la temática, los segmentos y la evolución de la investigación sobre turismo de salud en los últimos 40 años.
Resultados
Los principales hallazgos muestran que la investigación del turismo de salud en China podría dividirse en cuatro etapas con diferentes características y tres segmentos, incluido el turismo de bienestar, el turismo de salud y bienestar y el turismo médico. Los hallazgos también revelan que la tendencia del desarrollo del turismo de salud tiende a ser industrializado, diversificado y sistemático bajo la guía de políticas recientes. El presente estudio hace aportes tanto teóricos como prácticos. Teóricamente, basado en el marco teórico desarrollado por Hall (2011), el presente estudio contribuye al establecimiento y extensión del marco para el turismo de salud en el contexto de China. En la práctica, los hallazgos pueden proporcionar implicaciones políticas relacionadas con el turismo de salud para el desarrollo futuro de la salud o el turismo integrado en el sector de la salud.
Implicaciones
El estudio también propone una posible colaboración entre el gobierno y la academia en términos de formulación de políticas relacionadas con el turismo de salud.
Originalidad/valor
A través del análisis bibliométrico de 40 años de la evolución del turismo de salud, el presente estudio explora los temas principales del desarrollo del turismo de salud, identifica los segmentos del turismo de salud y analiza las etapas de desarrollo del turismo de salud. Los hallazgos deberían ser de utilidad para los lectores internacionales para comprender mejor la singularidad del desarrollo del turismo de salud y descubrir posibles direcciones futuras de investigación sobre el desarrollo del turismo de salud. Como resultado, las principales contribuciones de este documento son el análisis exhaustivo de la evolución de la investigación en turismo de salud y las implicaciones en otros países y regiones para adoptar un enfoque pragmático para explorar la tendencia y las características únicas del turismo de salud para el desarrollo futuro.
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Rong Fu, Xiangyi Kong, Lifang Gao and Lina Zhao
By integrating insights from cognitive style literature and person-environment fit theory, our study aims to explore which type of entrepreneurs are more inclined to initiate…
Abstract
Purpose
By integrating insights from cognitive style literature and person-environment fit theory, our study aims to explore which type of entrepreneurs are more inclined to initiate humor behaviors, the circumstances under which such behaviors are more likely to be employed within entrepreneurial teams and the specific benefits of humor behaviors for initiators.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes humor behaviors in entrepreneurial teams through a three-wave time-lagged field survey of 227 entrepreneurs in China.
Findings
We find that entrepreneurs with higher creating style are more likely to exhibit humor, making them more popular within entrepreneurial teams. Additionally, the positive relationship is amplified in the presence of high levels of conflict.
Originality/value
Previous studies provide substantial evidence of the positive effects of humor behaviors on their recipients in the workplace; however, there has been limited focus on the antecedents of humor behaviors and the benefits for the humor initiators. Our study addresses the gaps by providing empirical evidence that creating style of entrepreneurs may promote humor behaviors, particularly in the context of conflicts within entrepreneurial teams, and such behaviors could elevate entrepreneurs’ social acceptance within teams.
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Lina Ma and Ruijie Chang
Under the digital wave and the new industrial competition pattern, the automobile industry is facing multiple challenges such as the redefinition of new technologies and supply…
Abstract
Purpose
Under the digital wave and the new industrial competition pattern, the automobile industry is facing multiple challenges such as the redefinition of new technologies and supply chain changes. The purpose of this study is to link big data analytics and artificial intelligence (BDA-AI) with digital supply chain transformation (DSCT) by taking Chinese automobile industry firms as a sample and to consider the role of supply chain internal integration (SCII), supply chain external integration (SCEI) and supply chain agility (SCA) between them.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 192 Chinese firms in the automotive industry and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Importance-performance map analysis is used to extend the standard results reporting of path coefficient estimates in PLS-SEM.
Findings
The results indicate that BDA-AI, SCII, SCEI and SCA positively influence DSCT. In addition, this study found that SCII, SCEI and SCA play an intermediary role in BDA-AI and DSCT.
Originality/value
The paper enriches the research on the mechanism of digital resources affecting DSCT and expands the research of organizational information processing theory in the context of digital transformation. The paper explores how the resources deployed by firms change the strategic measures of firms from the perspective of responsiveness. By exploring the positive impact of SCA as a response capability on the DSCT strategy and its intermediary role between digital resources and DSCT, which is helpful to the further theoretical development of logistics and supply chain disciplines.
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Najaf Iqbal, Ju Feng Xu, Zeeshan Fareed, Guangcai Wan and Lina Ma
This study attempts to document the impact of financial leverage on corporate innovation in the Chinese nonfinancial public firms listed on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges.
Abstract
Purpose
This study attempts to document the impact of financial leverage on corporate innovation in the Chinese nonfinancial public firms listed on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges.
Design/methodology/approach
The firm-level data are collected from CSMAR database for ten years, ranging from 2007 to 2016. The authors have employed the panel fixed effects model and further system GMM approach for analysis. The sample is segregated on the basis of state (SOE) and nonstate ownership (NSOE) to check for the diverse effects. In total, three different proxies of financial leverage are used to unearth the varying impact of short-time and long-term leverage separately. Further, corporate innovation is divided into input innovation (R&D/Sales and R&D/Assets) and output innovation (patents and inventions).
Findings
The results suggest that financial leverage is detrimental to the input innovation while conducive for the output innovation when measured by the number of patents. Contrarily, leverage has a negative influence over the output innovation when measured by the number of inventions. This implies that leverage is more damaging for the highest form of innovativeness (inventions) in China. Input innovation is more sensitive to the changes in long-term leverage versus short-term leverage. Further, the authors find that innovation in SOEs is more sensitive to the changes in the leverage as compared to the NSOEs. The results are free from the threat of endogeneity and identification problems, as reported by the system GMM model.
Research limitations/implications
The authors did not segregate the sample on the basis of industry/sector.
Practical implications
The firms pursuing a strategy of radical innovation should try to keep their debt levels lower in order to achieve a higher innovation performance. Although, a rise in the leverage may mean an increased access to finance for a firm but such an access comes at a cost in the form of damage to the corporate innovation. However, increased debt financing may not be so bad for the firms that want to achieve a moderate and not the highest level of innovation. Such firms can produce recurring and synergic effects with debt financing and moderate innovation, once they achieve a level of innovation performance that satisfies their financiers.
Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is probably the first study to check the impact of firm-level financial leverage on both input and output innovation in the Chinese public-listed nonfinancial firms' panel data perspective till now.
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Hussein Nabil Ismail, Adnan Iqbal and Lina Nasr
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between employee engagement and job performance in the country of Lebanon, and to test whether creativity mediates the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between employee engagement and job performance in the country of Lebanon, and to test whether creativity mediates the relationship between engagement and performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The research sample consisted of 186 respondents working in Lebanese firms. The questionnaire included established measures relating to employee engagement, job performance and creativity – in addition to various demographic questions. Stepwise multiple regression and bootstrapping methods were employed in the analysis of the data.
Findings
The findings showed a significant positive effect of employee engagement on job performance. However, mediation analysis using bootstrapping methods has shown that creativity has fully mediated the relationship between engagement and performance.
Originality/value
The study extends previous research and increases the external validity of the findings by investigating the relationship between engagement and performance in new non-western contexts. Moreover, this is one of the first research studies that explores the role of creativity in the relationship between the two variables; this helps in improving our understanding of the model and aids in enhancing the effect of engagement on performance.
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Wenchao Ma, Lina He, Zeng Dan, Guanyi Chen and Xuebin Lu
With the rapid development of China’s urbanisation and market economy, municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is increasing dramatically. In response to the threat of…
Abstract
With the rapid development of China’s urbanisation and market economy, municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is increasing dramatically. In response to the threat of environmental pollution and the potential value of converting waste into energy, both the government and the public are now paying more attention to MSW treatment and disposal methods. In 2014, 178.6 million tonnes of MSW was collected at a safe treatment rate of 84.8%. However, the treatment methods and the composition of MSW are influenced by the collection area, its gross domestic product, population, rainfall and living conditions. This chapter analysed the MSW composition properties of Lhasa, Tibet, compared with other cities, such as Beijing, Guangzhou and so forth. The research showed that the moisture content of MSW in Lhasa approaches 31%, which is much lower than the other cities mentioned previously. The proportion of paper and plastics (rubbers) collected was 25.67% and 19.1%, respectively. This was 1.00–3.17 times and 0.75–2.44 times more than those found in Beijing and Guangzhou, respectively. Non-combustibles can reach up to 22.5%, which was 4.03–9.11 times that of Beijing and Guangzhou, respectively. The net heating values could reach up to 6,616 kilojoule/kilogram. The food residue was only half the proportion found in other cities. Moreover, the disposal method applied in each city has also been studied and compared.