Tarannum Azim Baigh and Chen Chen Yong
The purpose of this study is to examine the key challenges currently prevalent in the Machinery and Equipment (M&E) sector of Malaysia and to offer an integrative Industry 4.0…
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the key challenges currently prevalent in the Machinery and Equipment (M&E) sector of Malaysia and to offer an integrative Industry 4.0 strategic roadmap. The Environmental Scan 2016 and 2018 provides a basis for the identification of the challenges in the M&E sector of Malaysia. The study further investigates the challenges by analyzing the responses of four major stakeholders in a Focus Group Discussion. The findings reveal that the M&E sector suffers from very low automation adoption. This study is among the first few to analyze the challenges in the M&E sector and lay out a strategic roadmap encompassing the role of each stakeholder at every phase of the transition toward Industry 4.0. The proposed method of transitioning through targeted incentive schemes will help academics and practitioners in developing concrete and workable action plans to conduct the transition process.
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Jerome V. Cleofas and Ryan Michael F. Oducado
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected family and school life. Evidence demonstrates how pandemic-induced online learning and home confinement…
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected family and school life. Evidence demonstrates how pandemic-induced online learning and home confinement can influence family dynamics and, consequently, students’ mental health and quality of life. This chapter extends the literature by building upon the perspective of family systems theory and focusing the analysis on graduate students who are underrepresented in COVID-19 research. Drawing from an online survey among 337 graduate students enrolled in a state university in the Philippines during the second year of the pandemic, this study examines the three family relationship domains (cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict), their predictive relationships with life satisfaction, and the mediating role of mental well-being on these relationships. Findings indicate favorable levels of cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict in the family. Respondents’ age, sex assigned at birth, and marital status were significantly correlated with at least one domain of family relationship. Cohesion and expressiveness yielded significant positive predictive relationships on mental well-being and life satisfaction. Furthermore, findings indicate the partial mediation of mental well-being on the relationship between cohesion and life satisfaction and full mediation on expressiveness and life satisfaction.
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Intan Azurin Zainee and Fadilah Puteh
As the new emerging workforce, Generation Y (Gen Y) is said to be demanding, influential and possessing strong bargaining power. This study examines the impact of corporate social…
Abstract
Purpose
As the new emerging workforce, Generation Y (Gen Y) is said to be demanding, influential and possessing strong bargaining power. This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee retention among Gen Y in the accounting profession. CSR is widely researched subject due to its applicability in multidisciplinary fields and industries. This research intends to investigate the nexus between CSR and human capital disciplines. It employs Carroll's pyramid of CSR as the main theoretical framework to establish its relationship with talent retention among Gen Y employees. This study has a threefold aim: (1) to determine the level of CSR awareness, (2) to determine the relationship between CSR dimensions and talent retention and (3) to examine the effect of CSR dimensions on talent retention.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study using the structured questionnaire. A total of 377 Gen Y accountants who are currently working in accounting firms located in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were involved as respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation and regression analyses to answer the research objectives.
Findings
The paper provided empirical insights about the impact brought by CSR practices in financial-based firms on employee retention. It was found that all CSR elements, as suggested by Carroll, have a significant relationship with employees’ retention. The interaction between the CSR elements and employee retention accounts for 16% of the research model. Based on the multiple regression analysis, it was found that only two CSR elements are the significant predictors of employee retention among Gen Y in the case of financial-based firms in Malaysia.
Research limitations/implications
This research covers Gen Y employees in accounting firms; thus, generalization is not applicable to other generations. Besides, the predictors of the research study utilize Carroll’s pyramid of CSR. Therefore, future research studies are encouraged to validate the research model into other sectors. Other models of CSR could also be used.
Practical implications
This paper includes implication for the organization to understand employee retention practices on Gen Y who are currently dominating the workforce.
Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study how CSR practices could enhance employee retention among Gen Y in the organization.
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Afreen Khan, Swaleha Zubair and Samreen Khan
This study aimed to assess the potential of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale in the prognosis of dementia in elderly subjects.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the potential of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale in the prognosis of dementia in elderly subjects.
Design/methodology/approach
Dementia staging severity is clinically an essential task, so the authors used machine learning (ML) on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to locate and study the impact of various MR readings onto the classification of demented and nondemented patients. The authors used cross-sectional MRI data in this study. The designed ML approach established the role of CDR in the prognosis of inflicted and normal patients. Moreover, the pattern analysis indicated CDR as a strong cohort amongst the various attributes, with CDR to have a significant value of p < 0.01. The authors employed 20 ML classifiers.
Findings
The mean prediction accuracy varied with the various ML classifier used, with the bagging classifier (random forest as a base estimator) achieving the highest (93.67%). A series of ML analyses demonstrated that the model including the CDR score had better prediction accuracy and other related performance metrics.
Originality/value
The results suggest that the CDR score, a simple clinical measure, can be used in real community settings. It can be used to predict dementia progression with ML modeling.
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Qamar Ul Islam, Haidi Ibrahim, Pan Kok Chin, Kevin Lim and Mohd Zaid Abdullah
Many popular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques have low accuracy, especially when localizing environments containing dynamically moving objects since their…
Abstract
Purpose
Many popular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques have low accuracy, especially when localizing environments containing dynamically moving objects since their presence can potentially cause inaccurate data associations. To address this issue, the proposed FADM-SLAM system aims to improve the accuracy of SLAM techniques in environments containing dynamically moving objects. It uses a pipeline of feature-based approaches accompanied by sparse optical flow and multi-view geometry as constraints to achieve this goal.
Design/methodology/approach
FADM-SLAM, which works with monocular, stereo and RGB-D sensors, combines an instance segmentation network incorporating an intelligent motion detection strategy (iM) with an optical flow technique to improve location accuracy. The proposed AS-SLAM system comprises four principal modules, which are the optical flow mask and iM, the ego motion estimation, dynamic point detection and the feature-based extraction framework.
Findings
Experiment results using the publicly available RGBD-Bonn data set indicate that FADM-SLAM outperforms established visual SLAM systems in highly dynamic conditions.
Originality/value
In summary, the first module generates the indication of dynamic objects by using the optical flow and iM with geometric-wise segmentation, which is then used by the second module to compute the starting point of a posture. The third module, meanwhile, first searches for the dynamic feature points in the environment, and second, eliminates them from further processing. An algorithm based on epipolar constraints is implemented to do this. In this way, only the static feature points are retained, which are then fed to the fourth module for extracting important features.
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Boreum (Jenny) Ju and Sunjin Pak
This study aims to address workplace cyber incivility in digital environments by proposing human resource (HR) management strategies derived from a systematic review of the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to address workplace cyber incivility in digital environments by proposing human resource (HR) management strategies derived from a systematic review of the literature. It seeks to clarify the concept of cyber incivility, identify its antecedents and outcomes and provide practical recommendations for HR practices to mitigate its effects.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines analyzed 31 empirical studies (2006–2024) using Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Business Source Complete and Web of Science databases with keywords, including “cyber incivility,” “digital workplace” and “employee well-being.” Studies were included if they focused on workplace cyber incivility, provided primary data and were published in English, while those on cyber aggression or bullying were excluded. Two authors independently screened studies, resolving discrepancies through discussion. Thematic analysis synthesized findings on definitions, antecedents, outcomes and moderators.
Findings
The review identifies gaps in the literature, including inconsistent measurement approaches, limited understanding of cyber incivility’s multidimensional nature, insufficient examination of dyadic perspectives between perpetrators and targets and fragmented research across different digital platforms. The included studies (n = 31) examined diverse professional contexts, with sample sizes ranging from 69 to 830 participants. Cyber incivility is shaped by individual factors (e.g. personality traits, demographic characteristics), situational factors (e.g. workload, stress) and technology-driven factors (e.g. misinterpretation in digital communication). Its negative impacts include reduced job satisfaction, heightened stress, burnout and increased turnover intentions. Evidence-based HR recommendations include developing digital communication guidelines, implementing resilience-building programs and offering training on digital etiquette and conflict resolution.
Originality/value
This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding cyber incivility in digital work environments and offers evidence-based HR interventions to foster respectful communication and improve employee well-being. It bridges existing research gaps by synthesizing fragmented studies and highlighting actionable strategies for HR professionals.
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Major area of a die is consumed in memory components. Almost 60-70% of chip area is being consumed by “Memory Circuits”. The dominant memory in this market is SRAM, even though…
Abstract
Purpose
Major area of a die is consumed in memory components. Almost 60-70% of chip area is being consumed by “Memory Circuits”. The dominant memory in this market is SRAM, even though the SRAM size is larger than embedded DRAM, as SRAM does not have yield issues and the cost is not high as compared to DRAM. At the same time, the other attractive feature for the SRAM is speed, and it can be used for low power applications. CMOS SRAM is the crucial component in microprocessor chips and applications, and as the said major portion of the area is dedicated to SRAM arrays, CMOS SRAM is considered to be the stack holders in the memory market. Because of the scaling feature of CMOS, SRAM had its hold in the market over the past few decades. In recent years, the limitations of the CMOS scaling have raised so many issues like short channel effects, threshold voltage variations. The increased thrust for alternative devices leads to FinFET. FinFET is emerging as one of the suitable alternatives for CMOS and in the region of memory circuits.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new 11 T SRAM cell using FinFET technology has been proposed, the basic component of the cell is the 6 T SRAM cell with 4 NMOS access transistors to improve the stability and also makes it a dual port memory cell. The proposed cell uses a header scheme in which one extra PMOS transistor is used which is biased at different voltages to improve the read and write stability thus, helps in reducing the leakage power and active power.
Findings
The cell shows improvement in RSNM (read static noise margin) with LP8T by 2.39× at sub-threshold voltage 2.68× with D6T SRAM cell, 5.5× with TG8T. The WSNM (write static noise margin) and HM (hold margin) of the SRAM cell at 0.9 V is 306 mV and 384 mV. It shows improvement at sub-threshold operation also. The leakage power is reduced by 0.125× with LP8T, 0.022× with D6T SRAM cell, TG8T and SE8T. The impact of process variation on cell stability is also discussed.
Research limitations/implications
The FinFet has been used in place of CMOS even though the FinFet has been not been a matured technology; therefore, pdk files have been used.
Practical implications
SRAM cell has been designed which has good stability and reduced leakage by which we can make an array and which can be used as SRAM array.
Social implications
The cell can be used for SRAM memory for low power consumptions.
Originality/value
The work has been done by implementing various leakage techniques to design a stable and improved SRAM cell. The advantage of this work is that the cell has been working for low voltage without degrading the stability factor.
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Economic theory rests on the principal axiom of egoism; that everyaction is driven by self interest, and is therefore seen as a moral‐freescience. Morality, on the other hand…
Abstract
Economic theory rests on the principal axiom of egoism; that every action is driven by self interest, and is therefore seen as a moral‐free science. Morality, on the other hand, concerns subjective value judgement, usually in the interpersonal context of whether an action is right or wrong. Although the two are seemingly unrelated, welfare economic theory and its applications cannot proceed very far without the assistance of moral codes. This article discusses the origin and rationale behind the construction of moral codes, the moral codification of preferences and its associated problems.
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The purpose of this paper is to showcase that the integration of academic assessment with workplace performance appraisal practices can help to address the gap between graduate…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to showcase that the integration of academic assessment with workplace performance appraisal practices can help to address the gap between graduate employability skills and employers’ requirements. Employability refers to learning of transferable skills.
Design/methodology/approach
The integrated assessment criteria grid by which the quality of the assignments may be judged was developed and discussed with the students. Grades achieved by each assessment criterion are analysed and inferred as to whether students have learned the desired transferable skills.
Findings
Such integration strengthens the theoretical argument on the importance of formative assessment as a way to nurture students’ learning. The transferable skills that students appeared to have learnt include “use of relevant data, meticulous, attention to details, structure & systems thinking, critical thinking and writing skill”.
Research limitations/implications
Only one cohort of students is involved and their participation in the discussion is on a voluntary basis. The paper was not able to address students who did not appear to have learnt the transferable skills.
Practical implications
Employers are more cognisant of the quality of the management students graduating from this university. The learning of transferable skills reflects creativity development, and this contributes to the theory of knowledge which emphasises the importance of developing creativity through education.
Originality/value
This paper introduces a new form of formative assessment as a way to nurture students’ learning of transferable skills within a coursework assignment setting.
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This paper shows that the consistent way of modeling sentiment‐driven moral behaviors in a setting of social interaction is to derive the equilibrium moral code that is mutually…
Abstract
This paper shows that the consistent way of modeling sentiment‐driven moral behaviors in a setting of social interaction is to derive the equilibrium moral code that is mutually consistent with the optimal moral behavior of each player. To do this, it is necessary that moral sentiments be introduced explicitly into the utility function so that an individual could choose the optimal moral behavior that balances his/her narrow self‐interest against the avoidance of moral dissonance. It then demonstrates how the various equilibrium moral codes are derived from the key moral sentiments of love, guilt and envy.