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The paper aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure users’ perceptions of online personalized advertising.

First, we identified 12 different aspects of online personalized advertisement and formulated candidate items through a literature review. A card sorting study and expert review were conducted to generate the initial scale items. We then conducted one survey (n = 308) to create a reliable measurement instrument and another (n = 296) to validate the instrument. Finally, we tested how the dimensions of the OPAD-Perception Framework can be used to differentiate between different levels of ad sensitivity, control/no control over the ad personalization process, and different levels of granularity of ad explanation.

The resulting OPAD-Perception Framework contains 49 Likert-formatted questions measuring ten distinct dimensions of online personalized advertising: reliability, usefulness, transparency, interactivity, targeting accuracy, accountability, creepiness, willingness to rely on, self-actualization, and persuasion.

The OPAD-Perception Framework can serve as a powerful tool to measure users’ attitudes toward online personalized advertising. This will enable advertisers and social media platforms to better support users’ privacy expectations and provide user-friendly interfaces for controlling the ad personalization process.

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically how managers establish ethical guanxi (interpersonal relationships) with their business partners to prevent potential ethical incidences in Chinese and Western business contexts.

The present study is guided by a qualitative, abductive approach and draws on in-depth interviews with ten senior managers in five urban New Zealand organisations.

The results point out that guanxi (interpersonal relationships) purely working through renqing (reciprocity) is not sustainable, because it perpetuates a never-ending cycle of favours, once exchanging favours stopped or disappeared, then business relationships dwindled. To establish an ethical guanxi model, the authors found that xinyong (trust) is the foundation, and its enlargement stimulates lijie (empathy) that transfers pure business relationships to a genuine friendship which enhances ethical decision-making. They also posit that once managers are embodied with lijie, then they will have the virtue of ren to behave like junzi (ideal Confucian ethical person) whose business actions tend to be intrinsically guided by a sense of obligation to do something right that will work for diverse stakeholders’ interests, for the prosperity of organisations and society.

This study suggests that managers should take Confucian virtues of xinyong (trust) and lijie (empathy), because they will trigger ren (humanity) as an intrinsic value. In this way, it is more likely for them to become junzi (ideal Confucian ethical person) whose business actions are intrinsically guided by a sense of obligation to do something right that benefits various stakeholders, organisations and society.

This study contributes to the extant literature on preventing ethical incidents of guanxi (interpersonal relationships) by drawing a framework of ethical guanxi, which is built on Confucian virtues of xinyong (trust), lijie (empathy) and ren (humanity). Further, this paper strongly suggests that companies should educate their staff to become more humane to make moral decisions in daily management practice.

The purpose of this study is to develop the existence and mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for A517 steel in marine environments.

Slow strain rate test (SSRT) and constant load tests were used to investigate the SCC susceptibility of A517 steel. In addition, the additive stresses caused by the corrosion film and hydrogen entering into steel were applied to reveal the fundamental mechanism of the SCC.

The SCC susceptibility increased due to anodic dissolution and additive stress caused by the corrosion-produced film under anode polarization. Furthermore, the SCC susceptibility increased with increasing cathodic polarization, which is due to the increased additional stress caused by hydrogen entering into the steel. However, when the cathode polarization further increased, the additional stress remained due to the constant hydrogen content, thus the SCC susceptibility did not vary. Moreover, the SCC susceptibility of A517 steel under an alternate immersion environment (AIE) was lower than that under a full immersion environment and the steel under the AIE with 0.5 W/D had the lowest SCC susceptibility.

The stress corrosion behaviors of A517 in marine environments under various conditions were systematically analyzed.

This work aims to evaluate the influence of rheological properties of building materials on the bonding quality and ultimate tensile strength in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, through the investigation of parts printed by semi-crystalline and amorphous resins. Little information is currently available about the influence of the crystalline nature on FDM-printed part quality.

Semi-crystalline polyamide 12 and amorphous acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were used to assess the influence of rheological properties on bonding quality and the tensile strength, by varying three important process parameters: materials, liquefier temperature and raster orientation. A fractography of both tensile and freeze-fractured samples was also investigated.

The rheological properties, mainly the melt viscosity, were found to have a significant influence on the bonding quality of fused filaments. Better bonding quality and higher tensile strength of FDM parts printed with semi-crystalline PA12, as compared with amorphous ABS, are suggested to be a result of higher initial sintering rates owing to the lower melt viscosity of PA12 at low shear rates. Near-full dense PA12 parts were obtained by FDM.

This project provides a variety of data and insight regarding the effect of materials properties on the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts. The results showed that FDM technique allows the production of PA12 parts with adequate mechanical performance, overcoming the greatest limitation of a dependence on amorphous thermoplastics as a feedstock for the production of prototypes.

This paper aims to clarify the fluid infiltration mechanism at the micro-contact zone boundary of rubber-glass interfaces.

An in situ observation instrument was putted up; then the fluid infiltration process was recorded. Experimental results indicated that the fluid infiltration was more likely to occur in a high-contact-area-ratio zone, and the path order of fluid infiltration was first inner normal to the boundary of micro-contact area, and then along the boundary, at last external normal to the direction of boundary.

By analysis, capillary pressure is the driven force of fluid at interfaces. The micro-channel size at higher-contact-area-ratio zone is smaller, and the capillary pressure is bigger. Moreover, along different section directions of wedge-shaped region, the horizontal driving force of fluid is different due to difference of conical angle.

The main contribution of this study is proposing a new wedge-shaped model for better understanding the phenomena of fluid infiltration at rubber contact interfaces.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-10-2019-0453

This paper aims to optimize the weighing control system and compensate weighing error for weighing control system of coal mine paste-filling weighing control system.

The process of the paste-filling weighing control system is analyzed and the mathematical model of the paste-filling material weight is established. Then, the back-propagation (BP) neural network is used to optimize the control system and compensate the weighing error.

Without the BP neural network, the weighing error of the paste-filling control system is more than 3 per cent, whereas after optimization with the BP neural network, the weighing error is less than 1 per cent. With the simulation results, it is seen that the weighing error of the paste-filling control system decreases and the accuracy of the weighing control system improves and optimizes.

The method can be further used to improve the control precision of the coal mine paste-filling system.

This study aims to report the CO₂ corrosion performance of 3Cr steel and 3Cr2Al steel and reveal the role of aluminum in mitigating corrosion of low-Cr steel.

Aluminum was added to 3Cr steel to prepare a new type of 3Cr2Al steel, and the effect of aluminum on the corrosion resistance of pipeline steel was studied using morphology observation and composition analysis, weight loss tests and electrochemical test.

In the CO₂/O₂ coexistence environment, the average corrosion rate of the 3Cr2Al steel was obviously lower than that of the 3Cr steel. The addition of aluminum expanded the range of prepassivation, and the dynamic potential polarization curve of 3Cr2Al steel showed duplex prepassivation phenomena. 3Cr steel underwent severe local corrosion, and 3Cr2Al steel underwent uniform corrosion. The addition of aluminum contributed to the formation of a dense corrosion product layer and greatly reduced the localized corrosion sensitivity.

The studies on CO₂ corrosion of aluminum containing low-Cr steel are quite rare. This study clarifies the role of aluminum by comparing the corrosion behavior of 3Cr2Al and 3Cr steel. The effect of aluminum on the growth of corrosion product film was discussed, and the duplex prepassivation phenomena of Cr and Al were revealed.

In this paper, the authors aim to study the effect of hydrogen on the pitting corrosion behavior of Incoloy 825, a commonly used material for heat exchanger tubes in hydrogenated heat exchangers.

The pitting initiation and propagation behaviors were investigated by electrochemical and chemical immersion experiments and observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer methods.

The results show that hydrogen significantly affects the electrochemical behavior of Incoloy 825; the self-corrosion potential decreased from −197 mV before hydrogen charging to −263 mV, −270 mV and −657 mV after hydrogen charging, and the corrosion current density increased from 0.049 µA/cm² before hydrogen charging to 2.490 µA/cm², 2.560 µA/cm² and 2.780 µA/cm² after hydrogen charging. The pitting susceptibility of the material increases.

Hydrogen is enriched on the precipitate, and the pitting corrosion also initiates at that location. The synergistic effect of hydrogen and precipitate destroys the passive film on the metal surface and promotes pitting initiation.

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature by examining the role of family firm succession in shaping the firm's approach to financialisation, which has received limited attention in the previous research. In addition, the study explores the influence of factors such as clan culture, concentration of control and generational differences on the relationship between succession and financialisation.

Data were based on a sample of 7,023 firm-year observations, compiled from the listed family firms in China's A-share. Several tobit models are used for analysing the data and testing the hypotheses.

Family firm succession is negatively related to the level of financialisation, and this relationship is influenced by clan culture, concentration of control and the stage of succession. Specifically, a higher clan culture, a greater concentration of ultimate control by the controlling family member and the dominance of the first generation in management strengthens the negative relationship between family firm succession and financialisation.

This study offers new insights into the consequence of family firm succession on a new area of the firm's strategy, i.e. financialisation. The study further advances the understanding of family firm succession by considering the role of clan culture, the concentration of control and the stage of the succession process.

In spite of the vehicle, magnetic field interference can be reduced by some measures and techniques in ammunition design and manufacturing stage, the corruption of the vehicle magnetic field can still reach hundreds to thousands of nanoteslas. Besides, the magnetic field that the ferromagnetic materials generate in response to the strong magnetic field in the vicinity of the body. So, a real-time and accurate vehicle magnetic field calibration method is needed to improve the real-time measurement accuracy of the geomagnetic field for spinning projectiles.

Unlike the past two-step calibration method, the algorithm uses a linear model to calibrate the magnetic measurement error in real-time. In the method, the elliptical model of magnetometer measurement is established to convert the coefficients of hard and soft iron errors into the parameters of the elliptic equation. Then, the parameters are estimated by recursive least square estimator in real-time. Finally, the initial conditions for the estimator are established using prior knowledge method or static calibration method.

Studies show the proposed algorithm has remarkable estimation accuracy and robustness and it realizes calibration the magnetic measurement error in real-time. A turntable experiments indicate that the post-calibration residuals approximate the measurement noise of the magnetometer and the roll accuracy is better than 1°. The algorithm is restricted to biaxial magnetometers’ calibration in real-time as expressed in this paper. It, however, should be possible to broaden this method’s applicability to triaxial magnetometers' calibration in real-time.

Unlike the past two-step calibration method, the algorithm uses a linear model to calibrate the magnetic measurement error in real-time and the calculation is small. Besides, it does not take up storage space. The proposed algorithm has remarkable estimation accuracy and robustness and it realizes calibration the magnetic measurement error in real time. The algorithm is restricted to biaxial magnetometers’ calibration in real-time as expressed in this paper. It, however, should be possible to broaden this method’s applicability to triaxial magnetometers’ calibration in real-time.