Michaël Van der Elst, Birgitte Schoenmakers, Eva Dierckx, Ellen De Roeck, Anne van der Vorst, Deborah Lambotte, Jan De Lepeleire and Liesbeth De Donder
In the context of early detection of frail older people, prior research found several risk factors of multidimensional frailty. The current study aims to validate these risk…
Abstract
Purpose
In the context of early detection of frail older people, prior research found several risk factors of multidimensional frailty. The current study aims to validate these risk factors.
Design/methodology/approach
Two data sets, Belgian Ageing Studies and Detection, Support and Care for older people: Prevention and Empowerment (BAS and D-SCOPE), in three Belgian municipalities (Ghent, Knokke-Heist and Thienen) were used and compared. The BAS data set (N = 1496) is a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults (60+), while the recruitment of the D-SCOPE sample (validation sample, N = 869) is based on risk factors (e.g. age, marital status, moved in the past 10 years). Frailty was measured with the comprehensive frailty assessment instrument (CFAI). The validity was examined by means of prevalence rates, distribution and the odds rates within both data sets.
Findings
The validation sample had an increase in the percentage of elderly who were mildly and highly frail for physical frailty (men: +17.0 percent point, women: +20.7 percent point), for psychological frailty (men: +13.4 percent point, women: +13.7 percent point), for social frailty (men: +24.8 percent point, women: +4.8 percent point) and environmental frailty (men: +24.2 percent point, women: +6.8 percent point). The present results indicate that the risk of being mildly or highly frail was higher in the validation sample in comparison with the BAS data.
Originality/value
The present study proved the validity of aforementioned risk factors. Selecting older people based on these risk factors proved to be an effective strategy for detecting frail older people.
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Liesbeth De Donder and Bram Claeys
This chapter focuses on resident-to-resident elder aggression (RREA), aggression and violence that occurs between residents of nursing homes. Building on international literature…
Abstract
This chapter focuses on resident-to-resident elder aggression (RREA), aggression and violence that occurs between residents of nursing homes. Building on international literature and own research data from individual, qualitative interviews with professional staff from five nursing homes in Belgium, this chapter aims to increase knowledge on this specific type of elder abuse and mistreatment. First, this chapter describes the different types and manifestations of RREA, and pays attention to the relationship between perpetrator and victim, the multiple possible situations of offending, prevalence, location of the aggression, and impacts on the victim. Second, this chapter provides understanding on the triggers and onset of RREA in a nursing home, using the ecological framework looking at risk factors on individual/micro/exo/macro level. Finally, this chapter explores policy and practice on how to deal with RREA.
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Liesbeth De Donder, Gert Lang, Minna‐Liisa Luoma, Bridget Penhale, José Ferreira Alves, Ilona Tamutiene, Ana J. Santos, Mira Koivusilta, Edith Enzenhofer, Sirkka Perttu, Tiina Savola and Dominique Verté
This article aims to explore the perpetrators of abuse among older women living in the community. The study examines whether differences between the perpetrators of different…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to explore the perpetrators of abuse among older women living in the community. The study examines whether differences between the perpetrators of different forms of abuse, and for different groups of older women (e.g. by income or age groups) can be detected. Finally, it aims to investigate whether older women talk about the abuse to family or friends, or report it to an official or formal agency, in relation to different perpetrators.
Design/methodology/approach
This article provides results from the prevalence study of Abuse and Violence against Older Women in Europe (AVOW‐study). The study involved scientific partners from five EU countries: Finland, Austria, Belgium, Lithuania, and Portugal. In these five countries, the same study was conducted during 2010. In total, 2,880 older women living in the community were interviewed during the course of the study.
Findings
The results indicate that 28.1per cent of older women across all countries have experienced some kind of violence and abuse, in the last 12 months, by someone who is close to them. The results offer specific figures for the prevalence of different types of abuse, i.e. physical, psychological, sexual, and financial abuse; violation of personal rights; and neglect. Furthermore, additional insights about the main perpetrators of abuse for different groups of older women are offered.
Research limitations/implications
The article does not address the differences between the five countries. Further research could examine the between‐country variations and identify possible country‐specific explanations.
Practical implications
The implications of these findings for the development of policy and practice are highlighted. Applying only a crime‐focused approach on this topic is not sufficient. Health and social welfare sectors play a key role in ensuring dignity in, and quality of, formal and informal care and need to be supported to do so.
Originality/value
The paper presents the findings of an extensive multi‐national survey on abuse of older women in five European countries.
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Liesbeth Hellemans, Eva Lievens and Peggy Valcke
This paper aims to examine the challenges raised by hybrid advertising strategies for principles of identification and separation, included in various regulatory instruments, and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the challenges raised by hybrid advertising strategies for principles of identification and separation, included in various regulatory instruments, and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) in particular.
Design/methodology/approach
First, this paper describes two examples of hybrid (television) advertising formats, with a potential interconnection between editorial and commercial content, such as advertorials and commercial overlays. This section is followed by an analysis of the origins and key elements of the identification and separation principle. Next, the implementation in legislation of Belgium (Flanders region), The Netherlands and the UK, and decisions of media regulators in those countries are explored to assess how the principles are interpreted in practice. Finally, the authors identify the concrete challenges that these formats raise and frame those against the background of European policy developments.
Findings
The analysis shows that the current interpretation of the identification and separation principles conflicts with the inherently integrated features of hybrid advertising formats, especially commercial overlays. To remedy this, the authors propose strengthening the identification principle, for instance, by developing cross-media labels and framing this within a co-regulatory framework where advertisers and media service providers take up their responsibility to respect fundamental principles and protect less cognitively skilled consumers, such as children.
Originality/value
This paper aims to contribute to the current re-thinking of the legal framework with regard to new commercial communication techniques, convergence and public interest goals. This can be framed against the background of the revision of the AVMSD and the Digital Single Market Strategy.