Ana L. Fernández and Liberto de Pablo
Nanocrystalline cobalt spinels were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, starting from metal chlorides. The color properties in these systems mainly depend upon the…
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cobalt spinels were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, starting from metal chlorides. The color properties in these systems mainly depend upon the preparative method and cation distributions, which have been determined by X‐ray powder diffraction using Rietveld refinements and visible near infrared absorption spectra. We observe the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations such as Co2+, Cr3+, Mn3+ upon the formation and the color development of cobalt spinel pigments. All the samples prepared revealed the formation of single spinel with particle size at about 0.8‐2.1 μm; CoAl2O4 reveals king's blue, CoMn2O4 dark blue and CoCr2O4 bluish green. Cobalt blues developed giving deep absorption characteristic of tetrahedral Co2+ ions at about 550‐680 nm; therefore, color changed from king's blue to bluish green in CoCr2O4, showing the absorption band of octahedral Cr3+ ions owing to the large excess octahedral crystal field stabilization energy.
Fabio Mazzola, Pietro Pizzuto and Giovanni Ruggieri
The purpose of this paper is to verifying the economic resilience of islands and, in particular, the role of the tourism sector in the reaction to the most recent economic crisis…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to verifying the economic resilience of islands and, in particular, the role of the tourism sector in the reaction to the most recent economic crisis. The analysis concerns insular contexts, such as the greater island regions in the Mediterranean basin.
Design/methodology/approach
Static and dynamic panel data techniques are used for a sample of 13 island economies over a period of 16 years.
Findings
Results show that the growth factors for regional islands are similar to the ones usually considered for other regions, but the tourism-led growth hypothesis is highly supported. Tourism demand more than supply plays a role together with accessibility. The crisis has reduced the importance of tourism supply, while tourism demand and accessibility have remained crucial for growth together with other traditional engines of growth.
Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, none of the current works has considered territorial determinants and tourism indicators inside the same framework analyzing growth in island economies by considering the changes occurred during the crisis explicitly.