The inhibition of sweet gas corrosion of carbon steel in high pressure CO2 saturated brine by rosin amine has been studied by weight‐loss, electrochemical polarisation and…
Abstract
The inhibition of sweet gas corrosion of carbon steel in high pressure CO2 saturated brine by rosin amine has been studied by weight‐loss, electrochemical polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements. The results obtained revealed that rosin amine compound is a good inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration. Rosin amine acts mainly as a adsorptive mixed‐type inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in high pressure CO2 saturated brine obey Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption mechanism of inhibitor was both electrostatic‐adsorption and chemisorption.
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The purpose of this paper is to deal with an identification of a novel ink-jet printing sensor fabrication technology for fabricating flexible carbon heaters of macro and micro…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with an identification of a novel ink-jet printing sensor fabrication technology for fabricating flexible carbon heaters of macro and micro sizes, carbon interdigitated (IDT) electrodes and silver IDT electrodes. The technology involved in the proposed ink-jet printing method and materials used for the formulation of homemade nano-conductive inks (digital inks) are discussed in detail. The ink-jet printed flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro) and carbon IDT electrodes and flexible silver IDT electrodes can be used as the flexible sensing layers in electrochemical gas sensors for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. The characterization of ink-jet printed carbon heaters on Kapton substrate and its results are discussed. Similarly, the results of formulation of silver nano-conductive ink and printing of silver IDT electrodes on Kapton and its characterization are reported here for the first time.
Design/methodology/approach
Flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro), carbon micro-IDT electrodes and silver IDT electrodes patterns were developed using AutoCAD 2D and printed on the Kapton (polyimide sheet) flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks with the help of EpsonT60 commercial piezo-head-based drop-on demand technology printer with standard printing options.
Findings
The proposed novel method is able to print heater patterns and IDT electrode patterns of approximately 12 µm and approximately 1 µm thickness, respectively, on flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks of carbon and silver by using a commercial low-cost printer. The home-made nano-conductive inks can be re-used for multiple prints up to six months shelf life. The resistance of the carbon heater was measured as 88 O under normal atmospheric condition. The novel flexible carbon heater was tested for its functionality and found to be satisfactory. The resistance of the silver IDT flexible electrodes was measured as 9.5 O which is better than the earlier works carried out in this paper.
Research limitations/implications
The main challenge is associated with cleaning of printing ink ejection system in the existing commercial printers. The customization of the existing printer in the near future can minimize the printing challenges.
Practical implications
The novel ink-jet printing technology proposed in this work is cost-effective, capable of achieving bulk production of flexible sensor elements, and consumes the least device fabrication time and high material yielding. The printing can be done with commercial piezo-head-based ink-jet printers with custom-prepared nano-conductive inks. There is a huge market potential for this paper.
Originality/value
Both the carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were printed on Kapton flexible substrate by using the commercial printer for the first time. The paper is promising the revolution in flexible low-cost sensor fabrication for mass production, and it is an alternate for thin film and thick sensor fabrication methods. The future of sensor fabrication technology will be the ink-jet printing method. In this paper, the research developments of flexible carbon heaters and flexible silver IDT electrodes for the time are reported. The characterization of carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were carried out and confirmed that the results are favourable for gas sensor applications.
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Huang Jin‐ying, Zheng Jia‐shen, Fu Chao‐yang, Qu Jun‐e and Liu Jian‐guo
A kind of novel heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt (MBQA) was successfully synthesised with metronidazole as matrix and dichloroethyl ether as the link agent. Weight loss…
Abstract
A kind of novel heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt (MBQA) was successfully synthesised with metronidazole as matrix and dichloroethyl ether as the link agent. Weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting performance of MBQA in simulated oilfield water. Experimental data revealed that MBQA acted as an inhibitor in the acidic environment and, furthermore, the compound was a mixed‐type inhibitor. It was found that inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in MBQA concentration at different temperatures. The process of inhibition was attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film on the metal surface, which protected the metal against corrosive agents.
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Jiaxin Huang, Wenbo Li, Xiu Cheng and Ke Cui
This study aims to identify the key factors that influence household pro-environmental behaviors (HPEBs) and explore the differences caused by the same influencing factors between…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify the key factors that influence household pro-environmental behaviors (HPEBs) and explore the differences caused by the same influencing factors between household waste management behavior (HWM) and household energy-saving behavior (HES).
Design/methodology/approach
A meta-analysis was conducted on 90 articles about HPEBs published between 2009 and 2023 to find the key factors. HPEBs were further categorized into HWM and HES to investigate the difference influenced by the above factors on two behaviors. The correlation coefficient was used as the unified effect size, and the random-effect model was adopted to conduct both main effect and moderating effect tests.
Findings
The results showed that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all positively influenced intention and HPEBs, but their effects were stronger on intention than on HPEBs. Intention was found to be the strongest predictor of HPEBs. Subjective norms were found to have a more positive effect on HES compared to HWM, while habits had a more positive effect on HWM. Furthermore, household size was negatively correlated with HWM but positively correlated with HES.
Originality/value
The same variables have different influences on HWM and HES. These results can help develop targeted incentives to increase the adoption of HPEBs, ultimately reducing household energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to the mitigation of global warming.
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Guanghua Li, Chuan Chen, Guomin Zhang and Igor Martek
Factors affecting bid/no-bid decisions of international projects are more complex than those of domestic projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank decision…
Abstract
Purpose
Factors affecting bid/no-bid decisions of international projects are more complex than those of domestic projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank decision factors considered by variously sized Chinese international contractors (CICs) and categorize those groups of factors important to experienced practitioners.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis of factors identified by a literature review is conducted based on data derived from questionnaire results received from 119 CIC project and bidding managers. The relative importance of factors is measured by mean value and standard deviation. The discrepancy in rank and importance value perceived by variously sized CICs are explored by ranking disparity analysis, non-parametric test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test. Finally, factor analysis is used to categorize the underlying groups of factors considered by CICs.
Findings
In sum, 41 factors are identified through the literature review as having an impact on the bid decision. Significant disparities in ranking and importance are found in several factors, which partially affect the consistency of the ranking of factors perceived between large and small-medium CICs. Ultimately, nine major factors are identified as impacting the bidding decision, with “contractor’s capability” and “country risk of the host country,” being the most important.
Research limitations/implications
The weight of a factor considered in a decision varies across contractors as a function of contractor size. Whether using models or subjective judgment in making decisions, it is beneficial to fully understand the main groups of factors influencing the decision. Vulnerability to country risk emerges as the first criterion accessed in the bid decision.
Originality/value
A comprehensive set of factors is established for CICs, including both general factors common to domestic projects, and international factors unique to international projects. All factors are grouped by inferential analysis from the perspective of contractors, which reveals the underlying mechanism of the bid decision-making process. While the data were collected from CICs, the methodology in exploring factors, along with implications, is determined to be applicable internationally.
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Janappriya Jayawardana, Malindu Sandanayake, Supun Jayasinghe, Asela Kulatunga and Guomin Zhang
The present study aims to identify significant barriers to adopting prefabricated construction (PFC) in developing economies using a study in Sri Lanka and develop an integrated…
Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to identify significant barriers to adopting prefabricated construction (PFC) in developing economies using a study in Sri Lanka and develop an integrated strategy framework to mitigate and overcome the obstacles.
Design/methodology/approach
The research process included a comprehensive literature review, a pilot study, a questionnaire survey for data collection, statistical analysis and a qualitative content analysis.
Findings
Ranking method revealed that all 23 barriers were significant. Top significant barriers include challenges in prefabricated component transportation, high capital investment costs and lack of awareness of the benefits of PFC among owners/developers. Factor analysis clustered six barrier categories (BCs) that fit the barrier factors, explaining 71.22% of the cumulative variance. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation revealed that all BCs significantly influence PFC adoption in Sri Lanka. Finally, the proposed mitigation strategies were mapped with barriers to complete the integrated framework.
Practical implications
The study outcomes are relevant to construction industry stakeholders of Sri Lanka, who are keen to enhance construction efficiencies. The implications can also benefit construction industry stakeholders and policymakers to formulate policies and regulations and identify mitigation solutions.
Originality/value
The study provides deeper insights into the challenges to adopting prefabrication in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the integrated framework is a novel contribution that can be used to derive actions to mitigate barriers in developing economies.
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Liguo Xu, Pinging Fu and Youmin Xi
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the indigenous concept of suzhi at individual and organizational levels, and identify its dimensions for human resource management…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize the indigenous concept of suzhi at individual and organizational levels, and identify its dimensions for human resource management (HRM) research and practice in China.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a comprehensive review of suzhi literature, Chinese cultural and historical literature, as well as Western mainstream HRM research, a multidimensional suzhi framework is conceptualized.
Findings
As an indigenous expression, suzhi can be and has been adopted for Chinese HRM research and practice. As a multidimensional construct, one’s cognitive suzhi is jointly determined by corresponding moral suzhi, wenhua (knowledge-based) suzhi and zhuanye (professional) suzhi. Cognitive suzhi, in turn, determines one’s behavioral suzhi that drives employees to enhance organizational performance, and this relationship is moderated by psychological suzhi.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed framework provides new insight for Chinese indigenous management research, particularly in developing suzhi measurement for different dimensions. It also informs HRM practices in recruiting, selection, performance analysis and employee career development.
Originality/value
The complexity of suzhi dimensions from an organizational HRM perspective is analyzed. The resulting suzhi framework offers new insight for HRM research and practices in China.
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Guomin Wang, Yuanyuan Wu, Haifu Jiang, Yanjie Zhang, Jiarong Quan and Fuchuan Huang
The purpose of this paper is to use the wavelet neural network and genetic algorithm to study the effects of polyalphaolefin, TMP108 and OCP0016 on the kinematic viscosity…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the wavelet neural network and genetic algorithm to study the effects of polyalphaolefin, TMP108 and OCP0016 on the kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and pour point of lubricating oil.
Design/methodology/approach
Wavelet neural network is used to train the known samples, test the unknown samples and compare the obtained results with those obtained with a traditional empirical formula.
Findings
It is found that the wavelet neural network prediction value is closer to the experimental value than the traditional empirical formula calculation value.
Originality/value
The results show that the wavelet neural network can be used to study the physical and chemical indexes of lubricating oil.
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Xiao‐Hua Jin, Guomin Zhang and Rebecca J. Yang
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and uncover key determinants that could explain partners' commitment to risk management in public‐private partnership projects so that…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate and uncover key determinants that could explain partners' commitment to risk management in public‐private partnership projects so that partners' risk management commitment is taken into the consideration of optimal risk allocation strategies.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on an extensive literature review and an examination of the purchasing power parity (PPP) market, an industry‐wide questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data for a confirmatory factor analysis. Necessary statistical tests are conducted to ensure the validity of the analysis results.
Findings
The factor analysis results show that the procedure of confirmatory factor analysis is statistically appropriate and satisfactory. As a result, partners' organizational commitment to risk management in public‐private partnerships can now be determined by a set of components, namely general attitude to a risk, perceived one's own ability to manage a risk, and the perceived reward for bearing a risk.
Practical implications
It is recommended, based on the empirical results shown in this paper, that, in addition to partners' risk management capability, decision‐makers, both from public and private sectors, should also seriously consider partners' risk management commitment. Both factors influence the formation of optimal risk allocation strategies, either by their individual or interacting effects. Future research may therefore explore how to form optimal risk allocation strategies by integrating organizational capability and commitment, the determinants and measurement of which have been established in this study.
Originality/value
This paper makes an original contribution to the general body of knowledge on risk allocation in large‐scale infrastructure projects in Australia adopting the procurement method of public‐private partnership. In particular, this paper has innovatively established a measurement model of organisational commitment to risk management, which is crucial to determining optimal risk allocation strategies and in turn achieving project success. The score coefficients of all obtained components can be used to construct components by linear combination so that commitment to risk management can be measured. Previous research has barely focused on this topic.