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This paper aims to study the effect of different Ni content on the microstructure and properties of Sn-0.7Cu alloy. Then, the spreading area, wetting angle, interface layer thickness and microstructure of the soldering interface was observed and analyzed at different soldering temperatures and times.

Sn-0.7Cu-xNi solder alloy was prepared by a high-frequency induction melting furnace. Then Sn-0.7Cu-xNi alloy was soldered on a Cu substrate at different soldering temperatures and times.

It was found that Ni made the intermetallic compounds in the Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy gradually aggregate and coarsen, and the microstructure was refined. The phase compositions of the solder alloy are mainly composed of the ß-Sn phase and a few intermetallic compounds, Cu₆Sn₅ + (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅. The maximum value of 12.1 HV is reached when the Ni content is 0.1 Wt.%. When the Ni content is 0.5 Wt.%, the wettability of the solder alloy increases by about 15%, the interface thickness increases by about 8.9% and the scallop-like structure is the most refined. When the soldering time is 10 min and the soldering temperature is 280 °C, the wettability of Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Ni is the best.

It is groundbreaking to combine the change in soldering interface with the soldering industry. The effects of different soldering temperatures and times on the Sn-0.7Cu-xNi alloy were studied. Under the same conditions, Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Ni exhibits better wettability and more stable solder joint stability.

The thriving global tourism industry is a pivotal player in the global economy. It significantly contributes to a substantial carbon footprint through emissions from transportation, lodging, and infrastructure. In this study we have conducted a critical analysis of carbon emissions within the tourism industry using previous academic literature and institutional databases. Addressing the importance of measuring carbon footprints, the study delves into the definition of the carbon footprint in this sector, emphasizing the urgent need to comprehend and address its effects. This investigation also centers on the aspect of transportation, which is contributing to carbon emissions in the tourism industry. It explores variations based on transportation modes and discusses mitigation strategies, such as green transit. It also concentrates on accommodation, scrutinizing its environmental impact by evaluating carbon emissions from energy consumption, water usage, and waste generation in hotels and resorts. Emphasis is placed on promoting sustainable and green lodging facilities. Furthermore, this study examines the environmental impact of the tourism industry. Specifically, it examines the carbon footprint associated with infrastructure development. The analysis includes the impact of construction and development, resource consumption, and the role of communities and stakeholders in sustainable tourism planning. Furthermore, an assessment is conducted to examine the obstacles associated with adopting sustainable practices and assess the effectiveness of implemented mitigation strategies within the tourism industry. The concluding section outlines future perspectives and recommendations for research.

This study aims to empirically study the effect of process constraints and the combinative effects of different constraints on enterprise digital transformation.

This paper selects the World Bank's business environment survey of Chinese enterprises in 2012 as the research sample to empirically study the effect of process constraints and different kinds of constraints on enterprise digital transformation.

The authors find that process constraints have an inverted U-shaped effect on enterprise digital transformation and that employee digital literacy plays an intermediary role in this process. That is, process constraints have a too-much-of-a-good-thing effect on employees' digital literacy, which further affects enterprise digital transformation. The increase in the number of input and output constraints will make the inverted U-shaped relationship between the process constraint and digital transformation steeper.

The constraints faced by enterprises are everywhere and of many kinds. This paper not only discusses the influence of process constraints on enterprise digital transformation but also analyzes the interactive influence of different kinds of constraints on enterprise digital transformation and explores its micromechanism. This approach is helpful for enterprise managers in thinking about how to make full use of different kinds of constraints to activate the power of enterprise digital transformation, regard constraints as challenges and opportunities, and use them to stimulate the ability to improve the resource integration and utilization.

The purpose of this paper is to study the application of knowledge management (KM) factors on customer relationship management (CRM) process in Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) status organisations.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on KM workers (customer service) in Malaysian MSC status organisations. Based on the extensive review of the current literature, eight KM factors were investigated to examine the application toward CRM process.

The data, collected from 96 knowledge workers, suggest that KM process, organisational infrastructure and technology are three important predictors for effective CRM process.

The practical implication of this paper could be useful for business managers who want to enhance organisational CRM through implementing KM practices to support their organisation’s KM efforts.

This is one of the few papers to study the application of KM factors on CRM process in Malaysia.

This study aims to deliver a new perspective on how the interaction of independent and cooperative innovation affects firm digitization. Based on resource constraint theory, this study argues that the aforementioned interaction negatively affects firm digitization. The moderating role of managerial discretion is also discussed in light of the principles of the awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework.

The proposed hypotheses are empirically tested using a negative binomial modeling approach. The data used are from A-share listed companies in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2006 to 2020.

This study suggests that the interaction of independent innovation and cooperative innovation negatively impacts digitization. In addition, this study argues that environmental discretion and organizational discretion weaken the negative impact of the mentioned interaction on digitization. However, additional discretion in the Chinese context has no effect on above relationships.

This study explores the impact of the interaction of independent and cooperative innovation on digitization and incorporates managerial discretion into this framework based on the AMC framework.

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the single-tooth stiffness, single-tooth time-varying meshing stiffness and comprehensive meshing stiffness of the internal and external face gears and to analyze the influence of the modulus, pressure angle and tooth width of each face gear on the single-tooth stiffness of the gear in nutation face gear transmission.

From the point of view of material mechanics, the gear teeth of nutation face gear are simplified as spacial variable cross-section beams. The shear deformation of gear teeth, the bending deformation of tooth root and the additional elastic deformation caused by the base deformation are gotten by simplified trapezoidal section method, thus the stiffness of nutation face gear teeth can be obtained. The comparison with finite element method results verifies the rationality of simplified trapezoidal section method for calculating the tooth stiffness of nutation face gear.

The variation of stiffness of internal and external face gears along the meshing line and tooth height in nutation face gear transmission is studied, and the variation laws of single tooth stiffness, single-tooth-pair mesh stiffness and single tooth time-varying meshing stiffness of nutation face gear teeth are obtained.

Nutation face gear transmission is a new type of transmission. The stiffness of face gear teeth is analyzed, and the variation rules of single tooth stiffness, single-tooth-pair mesh stiffness and single tooth time-varying meshing stiffness of nutation face gear teeth are obtained, which not only enriches the research of nutation face gear transmission but also has important guiding significance for the application of nutation face gear in engineering practice.

The purpose of this paper is to explore hotel employees’ views on how human resource management (HRM) practices influence their turnover intentions.

The data for this empirical study were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 employees who had experience of working in various hotels in Macau, China. The thematic analysis approach was carried out to analyze the interview data and interpret the findings.

The findings of this study demonstrate that although employee-oriented human resource policies and practices are favored, the way HR department handles and implement those policies are valued more by hotel employees. Furthermore, the retention of an organizational culture that helps create a feeling of ownership among employees is highly influenced by employees’ turnover intentions. The current study demonstrates that the HR department in hotels holds a powerful position, and therefore, hotel employees expect their HR department to play greater and proactive roles in the HRM apart from providing equitable opportunities for their growth. This implication is particularly important for Integrated Resorts where a large number of employees collectively work to serve a range of customers who visit hotels for a variety of purposes.

This study suggests that addressing employees’ needs particularly those related to resolving complaints and managing relationships with other colleagues and providing opportunities for employees’ family members to take part in the organization’s activities and use its facilities are important practices that HR department can initiate to encourage employees’ engagement in hotels. Furthermore, the study shows that managers need to understand their employees’ perspectives as they can help resolve problems at the root level where they grow, and send a signal to the employees that the management is genuinely interested in resolving their problems and making them happy and satisfied.

Although several studies have provided valuable insights into the relationship between HRM practices and employee turnover intentions, most of those studies have used quantitative approaches to collect and analyze data. Furthermore, almost none of the findings were derived from the hotel sector. This study explores hotel employees’ views on the relationship between HRM practices and employee turnover intention using qualitative methods.

Purpose: Industry 5.0 is characterized by a revolution in the industrial field where humans collaborate with machines. This study aims to highlight the role of the concept of the “Digital Twin” (DT) within Industry 5.0, aiming to predict the effects of natural disaster scenarios in advance and to take preventive measures more effectively.

Need for the study: The innovations brought by Industry 5.0 demonstrate the possibility of creating DTs of cities to predict and minimize the effects of natural disasters. This is of great importance in terms of preparation for future natural disasters and risk management.

Methodology: This study was conducted by analyzing the fundamental principles of Industry 5.0 and the concept of DTs. Scientific literature and industry reports were examined to explore how DTs can be used in the field of risk management related to natural disasters.

Findings: The use of DTs has significant potential in simulating natural disaster scenarios in advance and predicting potential damages. For example, through DTs of cities, the effects of disaster scenarios such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods can be analyzed in advance, and necessary measures can be taken accordingly.

Practical implications: These findings offer important practical implications for decision-makers working in areas such as urban planning and infrastructure management. The use of DTs can assist in the development of preparation and risk management strategies for natural disasters, thereby minimizing the impact of disasters and ensuring the safety of individuals.

The purpose of the paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the concepts of business intelligence (BI), knowledge management (KM) and analytical CRM (aCRM) and to establish a framework for integrating all the three to each other. The paper also seeks to establish a KM and aCRM based framework using data mining (DM) techniques, which helps in the enterprise decision‐making. The objective is to share how KM and aCRM can be integrated into this seamless analytics framework to sustain excellence in decision making using effective data mining techniques and to explore how working on such aCRM system can be effective for enabling organizations delivering complete solutions.

This paper is based on focused and dedicated study of the literature present on the aCRM, KM and data mining techniques. The paper considered how to develop a strategy and operational framework that would build aCRM on the foundation of existing DM techniques and KM approach to meet the business challenges. Based on this research, a customized, integrated framework, to match the needs of business was designed.

KM focuses on managing knowledge within the organization and aCRM focuses on gaining analytical information from the customer data. Both KM and aCRM help in the decision making process and understanding. This knowledge is difficult to uncover. Hence, this paper explains the importance of data mining tools and techniques to uncover knowledge by the integration between KM and aCRM. This paper presents an integrated KM and aCRM based framework using DM techniques.

All the firms may not be in favor of adopting KM while implementing aCRM. The KM requires a convalesce of organizational culture, technology innovations, effective work force in culminating knowledge dissemination in all business domains.

The organizations implementing this knowledge enabled aCRM framework would be easily able to convert their business knowledge via the analytical CRM to solve many business issues, such as increase response rates from direct mail, telephone, e‐mail, and internet delivered marketing campaigns, increased sales and increased services. With aCRM, firms can identify their most profitable customers and use this knowledge for promotional schemes for those customers as well as identify future customers with prediction on ROI.

The need for the integration of KM and aCRM is clear. It is written for practitioners who are looking for approaches to improve business performance and maintain high profits for their business by incorporating knowledge‐enabled aCRM in their setup.

The purpose of the research is to investigate customer shopping behaviour for Italian market, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) using the quick response (QR) code. The study uses means-end chain (MEC) theory to explore the connections between product attributes, personal values and consumer preferences.

The theory of means-end chain helps to uncover the underlying reasons why consumers choose specific products by examining the links between tangibles. There is a conceptual model developed with the help of MEC. The conceptual framework comprises product information and marketing communication, which constitute the sensory and non-sensory aspects of consumption behaviour, and it is empirically tested by CB-SEM technique. QR code usefulness and loyalty are treated as mediators to evaluate shopping behaviour to purchase EVOO.

The study has used MEC theory and has extended this theory. This study found that there is a profound impact of technology (QR code) on the buying behaviour of EVOO for the Italian customers. This study has also found that product information and product communication play a critical role towards shopping behaviour of Italian consumers regarding EVOO related products.

Innovation and technology adoption, especially the use of QR codes in understanding product features, has been an attractive area for research exploration. This could include details about the product’s origin, production methods and nutritional information. Such technology and innovation can change the business process management landscape of food-product distribution process. Not many studies are available which examine customers’ interest and shopping behaviour using QR codes, especially in the context of EVOO. Thus, this research study has a profound impact on the Italian and other European market.

In the Italian market, EVOO is more than just a product, it is a symbol of tradition, quality and cultural heritage. EVOO is not just a condiment, it is an essential ingredient that contributes to the overall flavour of dishes. This study explores the usage of QR code for EVOO related products. This is a unique study as there are a very few research studies available in this area of business process management and technology usage related to EVOO products. Moreover, this research study adds values to the body of literature of business process management, technology usage, innovation and food technology. Thus, this study is unique and adds value to the existing literature.