Lars Lindner, Oleg Sergiyenko, Moises Rivas-López, Daniel Hernández-Balbuena, Wendy Flores-Fuentes, Julio C. Rodríguez-Quiñonez, Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico, Mykhailo Ivanov, Vera Tyrsa and Luis C. Básaca-Preciado
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application for a newly developed Technical Vision System (TVS), which uses a laser scanner and dynamic triangulation, to determine…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application for a newly developed Technical Vision System (TVS), which uses a laser scanner and dynamic triangulation, to determine the vitality of agriculture vegetation. This vision system, installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle, shall measure the reflected laser energy and thereby determine the normalized differenced vegetation index.
Design/methodology/approach
The newly developed TVS shall be installed on the front part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, to perform line-by-line scan in the vision system field-of-view. The TVS uses high-quality DC motors, instead of previously researched low-quality DC motors, to eliminate the existence of two mutually exclusive conditions, for exact positioning of a DC motor shaft. The use of high-quality DC motors reduces the positioning error after control.
Findings
Present paper emphasizes the exact laser beam positioning in the field-of-view of a TVS. By use of high-quality instead of low-quality DC motors, a significant reduced positioning time was achieved, maintaining the relative angular position error less than 1 per cent. Best results were achieved, by realizing a quasi-continuous control, using a high pulse-width modulated duty cycle resolution and a high execution frequency of the positioning algorithm.
Originality/value
The originality of present paper is represented by the novel application of the newly developed TVS in the field of agriculture. The vitality of vegetation shall be determined by measuring the reflected laser energy of a scanned agriculture zone. The paper’s main focus is on the exact laser beam positioning within the TVS field-of-view, using high-quality DC motors in closed-loop position control configuration.
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Lars Lindner, Oleg Sergiyenko, Julio C. Rodríguez-Quiñonez, Moises Rivas-Lopez, Daniel Hernandez-Balbuena, Wendy Flores-Fuentes, Fabian Natanael Murrieta-Rico and Vera Tyrsa
The purpose of this paper is the presentation and research of a novel robot vision system, which uses laser dynamic triangulation, to determine three-dimensional (3D) coordinates…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the presentation and research of a novel robot vision system, which uses laser dynamic triangulation, to determine three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of an observed object. The previously used physical operation principle of discontinuous scanning method is substituted by continuous method. Thereby applications become possible that were previously limited by this discretization.
Design/methodology/approach
The previously used prototype No. 2, which uses stepping motors to realize a discontinuous laser scan, was substituted by the new developed prototype No. 3, which contains servomotors, to achieve a continuous laser scan. The new prototype possesses only half the width and turns out to be significantly smaller and therefore lighter than the old one. Furthermore, no transmissions are used, which reduce the systematic error of laser positioning and increase the system reliability.
Findings
By using a continuous laser scan method instead of discontinuous laser scan method, dead zones in the laser scanner field can be eliminated. Thereby, also by changing the physical operation principle, the implementation of applications is allowed, which previously was limited by the fixed step size or by the object distance under observation. By using servomotors instead of stepping motors, also a significant reduced positioning time can be accomplished maintaining the relative positioning error less than 1 per cent.
Originality/value
The originality is based on the substitution of the physical operation principle of discontinuous by continuous laser scan. The previously used stepping motors discretized the laser scanner field and thereby produced dead zones, where 3D coordinates cannot be detected. These stepping motors were substituted by servomotors to revoke these disadvantages and provide a continuous laser scan, where dead zones in the field of view get eliminated and the step response of the laser scanner accelerated.
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Lihui Wang, Chengshuai Qin, Yaoming Li, Jin Chen and Lizhang Xu
Accurately, positioning is a fundamental requirement for vision measurement systems. The calculation of the harvesting width can not only help farmers adjust the direction of the…
Abstract
Purpose
Accurately, positioning is a fundamental requirement for vision measurement systems. The calculation of the harvesting width can not only help farmers adjust the direction of the intelligent harvesting robot in time but also provide data support for future unmanned vehicles.
Design/methodology/approach
To make the length of each pixel equal, the image is restored to the aerial view in the world coordinate system. To solve the problem of too much calculation caused by too many particles, a certain number of particles are scattered near the crop boundary and the distribution regularities of particles’ weight are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a novel boundary positioning method is presented. In the meantime, to improve the robustness of the algorithm, the back-projection algorithm is also used for boundary positioning.
Findings
Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method could well meet the precision and real-time requirements with the measurement error within 55 mm.
Originality/value
In visual target tracking, using particle filtering, a rectangular is used to track the target and cannot obtain the boundary information. This paper studied the distribution of the particle set near the crop boundary and proposed an improved particle filtering algorithm. In the algorithm, a small amount of particles is used to determine the crop boundary and accurate positioning of the crop boundary is realized.
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Political Science in the United States has focused too much on variable-oriented, quantitative methods and thus lost its ability to ask “big questions.” Stein Rokkan (d. 1979) was…
Abstract
Political Science in the United States has focused too much on variable-oriented, quantitative methods and thus lost its ability to ask “big questions.” Stein Rokkan (d. 1979) was an eminent comparativist who asked big questions and provided such qualitative tools as conceptual maps, grids, and clustered comparisons. Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406), arguably the first social scientist, also asked big questions and provided a universal explanation about the dialectical relationship between nomads and sedentary people. This article analyzes to what extent Ibn Khaldun's concepts of asabiyya and sedentary culture help understand the rise and fall of the Muslim civilization. It also explores my alternative, class-based perspective in Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment. Moreover, the article explores how Rokkan's analysis of cultural, geographical, economic, and religio-political variations within Western European states can provide insights to the examination of such variations in the Muslim world.
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THE Reference Department of Paisley Central Library today occupies the room which was the original Public Library built in 1870 and opened to the public in April 1871. Since that…
Abstract
THE Reference Department of Paisley Central Library today occupies the room which was the original Public Library built in 1870 and opened to the public in April 1871. Since that date two extensions to the building have taken place. The first, in 1882, provided a separate room for both Reference and Lending libraries; the second, opened in 1938, provided a new Children's Department. Together with the original cost of the building, these extensions were entirely financed by Sir Peter Coats, James Coats of Auchendrane and Daniel Coats respectively. The people of Paisley indeed owe much to this one family, whose generosity was great. They not only provided the capital required but continued to donate many useful and often extremely valuable works of reference over the many years that followed. In 1975 Paisley Library was incorporated in the new Renfrew District library service.
Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way…
Abstract
Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way of using the law in specific circumstances, and shows the variations therein. Sums up that arbitration is much the better way to gok as it avoids delays and expenses, plus the vexation/frustration of normal litigation. Concludes that the US and Greek constitutions and common law tradition in England appear to allow involved parties to choose their own judge, who can thus be an arbitrator. Discusses e‐commerce and speculates on this for the future.
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Gerd Marie Solstad and Kari Stefansen
Unwanted sexual attention in sport can disrupt youth's wholehearted engagement in the activity and threaten their sense of belonging. Remaining attuned to youth sport as a…
Abstract
Unwanted sexual attention in sport can disrupt youth's wholehearted engagement in the activity and threaten their sense of belonging. Remaining attuned to youth sport as a distinctive yet diverse field of practice, in this chapter, we explore the types of sexual violations youths experience across sport settings, the social and situational dynamics at play and how girls and boys make sense of their experiences. Based on a subset of data from a representative survey of high school students in Norway (aged 16–19, n = 7,482), we analyse 308 short textual descriptions from youths who reported exposure to sexual violations in sport in the past year regarding what happened, where the incident took place and who was involved. Our analysis identifies and conceptualises five types of sexual violation experiences: (1) sexualised foul play, (2) sexualised sideline commentary, (3) sexualised body shaming, (4) sexualised body focus and (5) sexualised attention at the gym. These violation types shed new light on the prevalence of and gender patterns in sexual violations in youth sport. Drawing on Jaeggi's relational perspective on social practice, we discuss how sexual violations in sport can affect both youths' relation to sport and youth sport as a field of practice. We suggest that sexual violations in sport can be viewed as gendered mechanisms of alienation that narrow the diversity of participants and further align youth sport with the values and practices of elite sport.
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Frank Kappe, Gerald Pani and Florian Schnabel
Proposes how a global Hypermedia system could evolve from the“Hyper‐G” system, currently being developed at GrazUniversity. Overviews the development of Internet from…
Abstract
Proposes how a global Hypermedia system could evolve from the “Hyper‐G” system, currently being developed at Graz University. Overviews the development of Internet from post‐war visionary speculation to present. Explains some limitations of the current architecture (World Wide Web, Gopher, WAIS). Presents in detail the architecture of a massively distributed hypermedia system. Explains how the proposed system would be much faster, overcoming such problems as documents being oriented by location rather than by subject. Suggests possible applications.