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Under the concept that housing was an act instead of a product, John Habraken launched a campaign against mass housing in the 1960s. His counterattack was architecturally and institutionally developed afterwards, and fully expressed by the so-called Open Building, in which users could make decision regarding their dwellings and easily re-arrange them. A number of experimental projects were subsequently constructed worldwide.

After years, the actual situation of use of these projects is, to a certain extent, unknown. Their facades may have faded, their pipelines may be ageing, and the design may be out of fashion. Correspondingly, various changes are expected. Could these changes be controlled in the original design? Were these projects enhanced after the changes? Did the users have a positive response? These questions are far from being answered.

This article is based on the post-occupancy investigation of two Open Building projects, the “Molenvliet Project” in the Netherlands and the “Wuxi Experimental Project” in China, which played an exemplary role, especially in the early years. In this study, the users’ assessment of their living environment was highly emphasised, and the changes to the both exterior and interior were specifically recorded. The purpose of the investigation is to determine how the architects’ intention was practised, and to learn from them.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a solution for Reynolds equation with both throttling term and reverse throttling term and provides a reference for changing damping of hydrostatic bearing.

The reverse throttling term is introduced into the Reynolds equation, and the adaptive damping factor is used in the Newton iteration method to improve convergence of numerical calculations. The static and dynamic performances of this bearing are numerically investigated by the finite-element method.

The results indicate that the reflux orifices lead to a decrease in load capacity at a high eccentricity ratio. Additionally, the mass inflow rate is increased; however, the additional inflow increase can be controlled by enhanced backpressure of the reflux orifice. Nevertheless, the bearing with the reflux orifice shows superiority in resisting high-frequency disturbances and enhances direct damping by 20% under a high backpressure.

This work presents an adaptive Newton damping iterative method for solving Reynolds equation with both throttling term and reverse throttling term. This work also provides a new idea for bearing structure design in improving damping.

The objective of this study is to utilize empirical research and analysis to examine the coupling coordination relationship between new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development.

To this end, an evaluation index system for the new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development was constructed. The panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2016 to 2022 were then analyzed using the entropy method, the coupling coordination degree model, the Tobit regression model and Dagum’s Gini coefficient.

The findings indicate that the coupling coordination degree of new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development exhibited an upward trend, though significant regional disparities were observed, with the highest coupling coordination degree recorded in the eastern region and the lowest in the northeastern region.

The study’s findings further suggest that the three factors of technological innovation level, rationalization of industrial structure and advanced industrial structure have a significant positive influence on the coupling coordination degree, while the level of government intervention has a significant negative influence on the Coupling Coordination Degree. The study posits that augmenting policy support, optimizing the government’s role, reinforcing the drive for technological innovation, and enhancing regional cooperation and exchange are imperative to foster high-quality development of the integration of industry and education between new quality productivity and higher vocational education.

This study aims to analyse the changes in the microstructure and grain orientation of the full Cu₃Sn solder joint (Cu/Cu₃Sn/Cu) during isothermal aging at 420°C.

The Cu₃Sn solder joint was fabricated through soldering Cu/Sn/Cu structure and then aged at 420°C. The microstructure evolution and grain orientation were studied by observing the cross-section and top-view surfaces of solder joints.

Original Cu₃Sn solder joint initially transformed into the full Cu₄₁Sn₁₁solder joint (Cu/Cu₄₁Sn₁₁/Cu) at 10 h and finally into the full α(Cu) solder joint (Cu/α(Cu)/Cu) at 150 h during aging. Micro-voids formed in the center of the solder joint interface during the conversion of Cu₄₁Sn₁₁to α(Cu), resulting in lower reliability of the solder joint. Cu₃Sn and Cu₄₁Sn₁₁ grains presented a column-like shape, while α(Cu) presented an irregular shape. The average grain sizes of interfacial phases first increased and then decreased during aging. Original Cu₃Sn solder joint exhibited two main textures: [100]//TD and [203]//TD. For Cu₄₁Sn₁₁, the preferred orientation of [111]//TD was found in the early nucleation stage, while the orientation of the formed full Cu₄₁Sn₁₁ solder joint was dispersed. Furthermore, α(Cu) grains exhibited {100}<100> preferred orientation.

Few researchers focused on the process of microstructure and grain orientation changes during high-temperature (> 300°C) aging of Cu₃Sn solder joint. To bridge the research gap, a high-temperature aging experiment was conducted on Cu₃Sn solder joints.

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of worry versus sadness in influencing young consumers’ purchase decisions and to clarify the differences across the worry–consumption versus the sadness–consumption relationships.

Three studies were conducted. Study 1 was a 3 (emotion: worry vs sadness vs neutral) × 2 (brand perceptions: conflicting vs consistent) between-subject design. Study 2 was a 3 (emotion: sadness vs worry vs neutral) × 2 (product type: social status associated vs hedonic) mixed design. Study 3 was a questionnaire survey.

The results demonstrate that worry induces young consumers’ identification with peers, and is more related to youth’s purchase intention for social status associated products rather than hedonic products. Sadness induces young consumers to follow their own perceptions, and is more associated with purchase intention for hedonic rather than social status-associated products. The drivers of purchase behavior for expensive products also differ: worried young consumers’ purchase intention is driven by perceptions of social status value associated with these products, whereas sad consumers’ purchase intention is driven by perceptions of hedonic value.

This research has significant implications for marketing practitioners on strategic marketing and communication to young consumers. It also provides important suggestions to young consumers on how to effectively regulate negative emotions via socially accepted behavior (i.e. purchases).

This research contributes to the extant literature on emotion’s impact on consumer behavior by elaborating carryover effects of emotion varying in the overlooked personal- and social-focus dimension. It also extends the literature on peer influence among young consumers.

This study aims to investigate factors that influence individuals’ continuance intention to use massive open online courses (MOOCs) by using machine learning models.

Data was collected from 702 MOOC users from major metropolitan cities in India through a network-based sampling and recruitment via various social media outlets (e.g. LinkedIn and Facebook). Various machine learning algorithms along with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) were employed using Python PyCaret.

Results confirm that pedagogy value, content value, interface value, ubiquity value, teacher presence and learning satisfaction have positive effects on the continuous intention of MOOCs. Furthermore, pedagogy value is a chief driving force of CI of MOOCs. XAI helps clarify intricate patterns in learner data, thus allowing more appropriate interventions.

The findings of the study would be useful for MOOC developers to formulate better value propositions for ensuring a sustainable business and higher growth rate in the market.

This study bridges the gap in the existing literature by providing a novel approach. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study using machine learning and XAI earlier in identifying factors leading to continuous intentions of MOOCs, so this research adds value to the existing method of exploring factors enhancing retention rates among learners.

This paper aims to take the four resin as adsorbent and coal ash alkaline solution as the material and use the single factor experimental method to study absorption influence factors for each resin to absorb lithium. At the same time, the authors got the special properties of some kinds of resin and compared the test results of each resin at the optimum factors.

Because many factors affect the test, this study uses the method of comparison and control variables. This method study on the influencing factors of ion exchange resin adsorption Li⁺.

In these adsorption experiments, the basic resin adsorption effect is more obvious. The optimum adsorption conditions are as follows: resin quality is 0.1 g, the volume of fly ash solution is 100 ml, magnetic stirrer speed is 140 r/min and the adsorption time is 60 min. Under these conditions, the adsorption rate of Li⁺ could reach 25.17 per cent aluminum.

Li extracted from coal ash can not only relieve the lithium resources in short supply but can also provide a new mode to the field of coal resources in recycling economy and transition economy. At the same time, the extraction of Li resources will provide an important reserve of raw materials for the future of nuclear power plant.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential impact of the approved Australian carbon emissions reduction plan on the cost of capital and the association between companies’ carbon emission intensity and the cost of capital.

A sample of Australian Stock Exchange 200 (ASX 200)-indexed companies from 2006 to 2010 is used. Hypotheses are tested based on Heckman’s two-stage approach. Three regression models are developed to examine the association between carbon emissions and the cost of capital.

Using a sample of ASX 200-indexed listed companies, the paper finds that the cost of capital, including the cost of debt and the cost of equity, will increase for emissions-liable companies. Results also show that the cost of debt is positively correlated with a company’s emission intensity. However, little evidence supports that the emission intensity affects the cost of equity.

As it is evident that the emissions reduction plan will adversely affect corporate entities’ cost of capital, this study suggests that companies, investors and lenders need to include carbon emission in risk analysis. An emissions-liable company should establish strategies to combat the impact of the Plan on rising cost that comes with the enforcement of the Plan. Government assistance is essential in the transitional period.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of institutional support on product and process innovation and firm performance and describe how dysfunctional competition influences relevant outcomes.

This study develops a research model based on institution-based view and tests it using structural equation modeling and empirical data collected from 300 manufacturers in China.

The results show that institutional support positively affects product and process innovation and firm performance. Both product and process innovation improve firm performance. The findings reveal that dysfunctional competition significantly reduces the positive effects of institutional support on product and process innovation but leaves the effects of institutional support and product and process innovation on firm performance unaffected.

This study contributes to innovation literature by providing insights into the impact of China’s institutional environment on manufacturing firms’ product and process innovation decisions. The findings also contribute to institution-based view literature by providing empirical evidence on the joint effects of institutional support and dysfunctional competition on product and process innovation and firm performance. This study can help manufacturers in China take advantage of institutional environment and adjust product and process innovation decisions accordingly.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of humble leadership on employee proactive behavior. The authors propose that such effect is mediated by psychological empowerment, and identification with leader moderates the intervening role of psychological empowerment in the humble leadership-employee proactive behavior relationship.

Data were collected from 286 subordinate-supervisor dyads from 4 industries in Northern China. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were applied to test the research model.

Humble leadership has a significantly positive effect on employee proactive behavior, and this effect is mediated by psychological empowerment. Furthermore, the identification with leader moderates the mediated relationships between humble leadership and employee proactive behavior via psychological empowerment.

One limitation is that the data were collected cross-sectionally. Further research could conduct longitudinal research to retest the hypotheses. The present research has a number of implications. First, the authors extend humble leadership research. Second, the authors also contribute to humble leadership literature by addressing the lack of attention paid to the explanatory mechanism linking humble leader behavior to follower outcomes. Third, the authors provide a new insight into the boundary condition of humble leadership.

Managers should demonstrate more humble behaviors in their leading process to influence employees’ psychological empowerment and proactive behavior. In addition, managers should provide employees with sincere care in relation to work and life issues to produce employees’ identification with leader.

Humility is a modifiable trait that individuals can increase dramatically by practice. Humble behavior is more accessible and easier to cultivate, contrary to the stable trait of humility. Besides, our results confirmed the individuals with the virtue of humility are most likely to succeed. Thus, humble behaviors should be highly advocated and encouraged in our society.

This research extends humble leadership research by constructing and verifying the theoretical model of humble leader behavior and employee proactive behavior and by demonstrating the value of humble leader behavior in a non-Western context, and identifies the different roles of psychological empowerment and identification with leader on employee proactive behavior.