L.J. Crampon and K.T. Tan
A wide variety of factors influence international tourism; the number of trips taken, the distance traveled, the destinations selected for visits, and so forth. An understanding…
Abstract
A wide variety of factors influence international tourism; the number of trips taken, the distance traveled, the destinations selected for visits, and so forth. An understanding of these factors and their impacts is essential for the optimum development of tourism. The objective of this paper is, however, not to analyze or even identify all such influencing factors but rather to provide a framework for quantitatively examining the major elements or factor‐groups that influence travel in order to facilitate an identification and understanding of the various factors. The paper seeks to present a model or a tool that can be used for this needed analysis; the Pacific basin is used as en example.
1. The Mathematical‐Type Techniques. The most commonly employed mathematical‐type techniques are the multi‐variate regression analysis and gravity and trip generation models.
Turgut Var, William W. Swart and Charles E. Gearing
Although this is a survey of research techniques, it has become increasingly apparent, as the study has progressed, that our investigation of research methods for use in tourism…
Abstract
Although this is a survey of research techniques, it has become increasingly apparent, as the study has progressed, that our investigation of research methods for use in tourism and travel studies, without prior consideration of the nature and scopes of tourism and travel themselves, would he inadequate. At the outset it would be imperative to distinguish three interrelated terms. These are recreation, tourism, and travel.
Discussion of international tourist flows has centred on the direction and volume of tourist traffic (Williams and Zelinsky, 1970; Crampon and Tan, 1973; Miossec, 1976), on its…
Abstract
Discussion of international tourist flows has centred on the direction and volume of tourist traffic (Williams and Zelinsky, 1970; Crampon and Tan, 1973; Miossec, 1976), on its economic significance (Peters, 1969; Gray, 1970; Greenwood, 1975) and on its seasonality (BarOn, 1975). Little attention has been directed systematically to the composition of these flows except in terms of nationality. However on a national scale, foreign visitor profiles have been identified by various marking studies (U.S. Chambre of Commerce, 1975) and other research (Pearce, 1977). Schmitt (1968) examined demographic differences between migrants and vacationers in Hawaii and suggested that tourism and migration may be viewed as contrasting expressions of geographic mobility.
Les parcs nationaux du Canada sont « dédiés au peuple canadien pour son bénéfice, son instruction et sa jouissance sous réserve des dispositions de la présente loi et des…
Abstract
Les parcs nationaux du Canada sont « dédiés au peuple canadien pour son bénéfice, son instruction et sa jouissance sous réserve des dispositions de la présente loi et des règlements; et ces parcs doivent être entretenus et utilisés de manière qu'ils restent intacts pour la jouissance des générations futures.» Telle est la législation définissant l'objectif de la politique des parcs nationaux au Canada qui consiste aussi à as surer que chaque parc national soit un échantillon représentatif des caractéristiques particulières de l'environnement naturel canadien.
This article is a short survey of research carried out into the principal economic factors influencing the demand for tourism services. It is clear that sociological variables…
Abstract
This article is a short survey of research carried out into the principal economic factors influencing the demand for tourism services. It is clear that sociological variables such as age, occupation and educational level also play a role in influencing total demand, but there is evidence that sociological variables may be more significant in determining the destination or the type of tourism undertaken, rather than the decision to travel (Todt, 1964, and Przeclawski, 1976). It is therefore likely that the total demand of an origin country for all destinations is best explained by economic variables.
The origin of the gravity model can he traced as far back as G. W. von Liehnitz in the late seventeenth Century and A. Comte, A. Quételet and H. C. Carey in the nineteenth; it was…
Abstract
The origin of the gravity model can he traced as far back as G. W. von Liehnitz in the late seventeenth Century and A. Comte, A. Quételet and H. C. Carey in the nineteenth; it was argued that human behaviour could be treated by analogy to and with techniques derived from the physical sciences, that the influence of one population on another would vary directly with the size of the population and inversely with distance.
Nowadays it is — to a certain extent — popular to criticize international tourism to third world countries. These criticisms may base on widely divergent aspects of the…
Abstract
Nowadays it is — to a certain extent — popular to criticize international tourism to third world countries. These criticisms may base on widely divergent aspects of the phenomenon, ranging from for instance the economic impact to the environmental impact or the psychological impact. Without implicitly suggesting that the non‐economic effects of international tourism in developing countries are unimportant we will concentrate in the following on the economic impact. The reason for this is twofold:
Es ist mir eine ausserordentliche Freude, an dieser Stelle, wo die Wiege der modernen Fremdenverkehrswissenschaft stand, zu Ihnen sprechen zu dürfen. So danke ich aufrichtig…
Abstract
Es ist mir eine ausserordentliche Freude, an dieser Stelle, wo die Wiege der modernen Fremdenverkehrswissenschaft stand, zu Ihnen sprechen zu dürfen. So danke ich aufrichtig meinem Freund und Kollegen Kurt Krapf dafür, dass er mir diese Gelegenheit eines Vortrages gegeben hat. Obgleich ich ein enges, allerdings «voreheliches» Verhältnis zur Fremdenverkehrswissenschaft aufzuweisen habe, werden Sie es mir nicht verdenken, wenn ich auf meine gegenwärtig legale Beziehung, nämlich zur Ökonometrie, mich stärker als auf jene frühere stütze: Mein Vortrag wird mehr von der Ökonometrie als von der touristischen Wissenschaft, welche kaum mehr als ein Exempel liefert, handeln.
Mariangela Franch, Umberto Martini, Pier Luigi Novi Inverardi and Federica Buffa
Upon the changes that have taken place in the tourist sector since the 7 990s, the SMTEs and the destinations where they operate are called to reflect on the opportunity to…
Abstract
Upon the changes that have taken place in the tourist sector since the 7 990s, the SMTEs and the destinations where they operate are called to reflect on the opportunity to redefine the strategic and organizational assets that have distinguished them until now in order to respond to new needs and desires coming from a more segmented demand side. This paper presents the results of a research project conducted in the Dolomites, the most important alpine area in terms of numbers of tourists, representative of a community tourist destination and where the tourists do not defer to intermediaries to organize the vacation (do‐it‐yourself tourists). The Dolomites are now in the “mature” phase of the development life cycle and as such need a new approach to the market in order to maintain loyalty among current visitors and to gain loyalty in new tourist segments. The research was done in the summer 2001 and winter 2001–2002 by administering 5,000 online questionnaires to a representative sampling of “do‐it‐yourself” tourists. The objective was to study the decision‐making and behavioural models of do‐it‐yourself tourists and to build profiles of tourists who choose this destination. From these profiles it is possible to identify strategies that the SMTEs and the alpine destination as a whole could undertake to achieve the goals described above. The research highlights the importance for SMTEs to overcome the entrepreneurial spontaneity and to adopt an informed and planned business strategy. In this scenario the Regional Tourist Boards emerge as important actors that can play a key role in meta‐management.