L.T.F. van Krugten, L.M.C. Hermans, L.C. Havinga, A.R. Pereira Roders and H.L. Schellen
Earlier studies assume that historical dwellings and post-war dwellings in particular, are less sustainable than modern dwellings, justifying its demolition. Over time, historical…
Abstract
Purpose
Earlier studies assume that historical dwellings and post-war dwellings in particular, are less sustainable than modern dwellings, justifying its demolition. Over time, historical buildings have been transformed and their energy performance improved. However, there is little known on the energy performance of historical dwellings. The purpose of this paper is to unveil the role of historical dwellings and its transformations in improving urban sustainability.
Design/methodology/approach
In this research, historical dwellings (built=1970) are distinguished in listed and unlisted dwellings. Three cities were selected as case study – Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam – and three post-war neighborhoods – New-West, Mariahoeve and Ommoord. This research uses the difference in energy label (original vs current performance) to discuss the transformations of dwellings: comparing modern and historical; post-war and other historical; and listed and unlisted dwellings.
Findings
Findings reveal that historical and post-war dwellings have great potentials to raise the energy performance e.g. by applying after insulation and renewable energy sources. Furthermore, The Hague and its post-war neighborhood Mariahoeve have a considerably lower energy performance. Further research could relate the raising of energy performance to the cultural significance of such dwellings, to better discuss the role of attributes and their transformation to raising energy performance.
Originality/value
This paper addresses the knowledge gap of the current energy performance of historical dwellings, by presenting and discussing its role in improving urban sustainability.
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The paper aims to present a study on the effects of temperature and salinity on the vertical distribution of suspended sand concentration and transport rate on the basis of 1DV…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to present a study on the effects of temperature and salinity on the vertical distribution of suspended sand concentration and transport rate on the basis of 1DV model.
Design/methodology/approach
The finite difference method based on the implicit scheme of Crank‐Nicolson with an irregular grid was used for the fluid flow equation and the implicit upwind scheme with a staggered grid for the equation of concentration diffusion. The model was applied to five tests of the data sets from the Delta Flume with three different cases of temperature and salinity on the basis of parameterisation of the kinematic viscosity, the turbulence‐related sediment mixing coefficient and the concentration at the reference level.
Findings
The computed results showed that the vertical distributions of suspended sand concentration depend on salinity and specially, on temperature. When temperature increases or salinity decreases, the settling process of particles occurs considerably faster. For fine sand, the discrepancy on suspended sand transport rates due to temperature or salinity decreases with wave height. For coarse sand, the effect of temperature and salinity is not much affected by the wave height.
Originality/value
The quantitative evaluation of the roles of salinity, especially temperature once again confirmed their importance for the sediment transport and the process of coastal morphology. The further sense from this research may suggest some new ideas on the tendency of evolution of sea bed due to the warming of the earth in the future.
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Aba Essanowa Afful, Joshua Ayarkwa, Godwin Kojo Kumi Acquah and Dickson Osei-Asibey
The aim of this study was to identify these enablers in literature and subsume them under broad categories for the development of a framework showing the interrelationships among…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify these enablers in literature and subsume them under broad categories for the development of a framework showing the interrelationships among the enablers.
Design/methodology/approach
Fifty-four (54) relevant articles were desk reviewed from different construction peer-reviewed journals and published conference proceedings to identify 20 core enablers of incorporating indoor environmental quality (IEQ) into building designs.
Findings
The identified enablers include improved occupants' health, well-being and satisfaction, environmental conservation, high return on investments and co-operative methods of design and construction management among others. To better understand the enablers identified, they were classified into seven main interconnected categories: economic enablers, environmental enablers, occupant and end-user enablers, process enablers, corporate image, culture and vision enablers, client-related enablers and external enablers.
Research limitations/implications
The interconnectedness brought to the fore a subtler appreciation of the drivers of IEQ, which could help expand current knowledge outside the narrow scope of isolated drivers. The fact that the papers selected in this study are not limited geographically underscores the wide applicability of the findings to the global construction industry.
Practical implications
Understanding that the enablers will enhance the adoption and design of quality indoor environments, help in building the capacity of consultants to adopt the design of quality IEs and reduce the impact of construction on the environment.
Social implications
These identified enablers are not limited geographically and thus could promote the design of quality indoor environments globally, particularly in green building design. To the global construction community, this review presents a list of enablers that would expedite the adoption of principles of IEQ designs in buildings thus taking the global construction industry one more step towards sustainable built forms. Promoting the identified enablers would ultimately steer stakeholders to design and build better indoor environments.
Originality/value
The fact that the papers selected in this study are not limited geographically underscores the wide applicability of the findings to the global construction industry.
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A simple interaction‐potential model has been established to calculate the higher order elastic constants of intermetallic YbAl2 in the temperature range from 10‐300K. Temperature…
Abstract
A simple interaction‐potential model has been established to calculate the higher order elastic constants of intermetallic YbAl2 in the temperature range from 10‐300K. Temperature dependent second and third order elastic constants are used for the determination of the ultrasonic attenuation, velocity, Grüneisen numbers, Acoustic‐coupling constants, and thermal relaxation time at the different temperatures. Temperature dependency of the ultrasonic properties of YbAl2 is similar at low temperatures to that of pure metals and the low carrier heavy fermion systems ‐ LaSb, YbAs and YbP having simple NaCl‐type structures. Thermal energy density makes significant contribution to the total attenuation in the compound at the higher temperatures from 100‐300K. Effect of the magnetic field on the ultrasonic attenuation is also evaluated using the magneto resistance data. At 100K, the effect of the magnetic field becomes insignificant. The attenuation decreases with the field at 3K to 50K.
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This chapter explores the development of advertising regulations governing food advertising to children in Australia since the 1940s. By introducing the advertising and marketing…
Abstract
This chapter explores the development of advertising regulations governing food advertising to children in Australia since the 1940s. By introducing the advertising and marketing self-regulatory system, the Australian Government is taking a neoliberal approach, advocating for the free market to initiate and sustain the country’s economic development, instead of greater government regulation. By examining the primary and secondary literature, such as government reports and research, and newspaper and academic articles, this chapter outlines different regulatory initiatives adopted by both the government and food industry to limit food and beverage advertising to children on television and online, in order to prevent obesity rates increasing in children. This chapter synthesizes and critically evaluates food industry and public health studies, government and non-government reviews, and other research studies to evaluate the influence of self-regulation on Australian television food advertising within the neoliberal context since the 1990s. It contributes to the literature on food advertising regulations for children in Australia by offering evidence of how the government, public health authorities and the food industry have attempted to keep pace with changes in the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes. It identifies the loopholes that exist in these self-regulatory codes and concludes that Australia’s current advertising regulatory arrangements are failing to protect our children from unhealthy food marketing on television, especially on relatively under-regulated online platforms such as social media and branded websites. The issues identified in this chapter could aid the food and beverage industry, as well as the self-regulatory system, to offer comprehensive and applicable solutions to combat Australia’s obesity crises by implementing new legislations that align with different marketing practices.
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Jerzy Józefczyk and Mirosław Ławrynowicz
Rapid advancements in internet technology have made it possible to develop electronic commerce in general and internet shopping in particular. Easy access to a vast number of…
Abstract
Purpose
Rapid advancements in internet technology have made it possible to develop electronic commerce in general and internet shopping in particular. Easy access to a vast number of existing internet stores enables buyers to customize their shopping processes to minimize the total purchase cost. This paper aims to investigate a novel internet shopping problem, which consists of the diversification of a given list of products to buy among many stores and to use discounts offered by the stores.
Design/methodology/approach
The adequate discrete optimization problem referred to as internet shopping optimization problem with price sensitivity discounts (ISOPwD) is investigated, which turned out to be strongly nondeterministic polynomial (NS)-hard. Two heuristic solution algorithms have been derived using the tabu search (TS) and the simulated annealing (SA) metaheuristics for having a solution in a reasonable time. The algorithms have been assessed via computational experiments, and they have been compared with another algorithm known from the literature that has been elaborated for a simpler version of ISOPwD.
Findings
The conducted evaluation has shown the advantage of both heuristic algorithms on the algorithm known from the literature. Moreover, the TS-based algorithm outperformed the other one in terms of the total cost incurred by customers and the computational time.
Research limitations/implications
The special primary piecewise linear discounting function is only taken into account. Other possible discounts connected, for example, with bundles of products and (or) coupons are not considered.
Practical implications
The elaborated algorithms can be recommended for internet shopping providers who want to introduce the ability to search a cost-optimized set of products in their databases or for applications that combine offers from various online retailers, e.g. internet price comparison services and auction sites.
Originality/value
The novelty of considered ISOPwD, in comparison with similar problems discussed in the literature, deals with an arbitrary number of purchased products, the possibility to buy an identical product in different stores and the consideration of the weight, the amount and the availability of goods as parameters of ISOPwD.
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Brian Kee Mun Wong, Foong Li Law and Chin Ike Tan
The emergence of consumerism has led to regulatory measures being integrated into business practices, but the influence of consumers in developing countries remains limited…
Abstract
The emergence of consumerism has led to regulatory measures being integrated into business practices, but the influence of consumers in developing countries remains limited, resulting in businesses being less responsive. The digital retail landscape is undergoing a transformative revolution, driven by Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 technological advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI), wearables, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain technology. This development focuses on convenience, personalisation, and emotional connections. Companies are adapting to modern consumer behaviour through various strategies, including online shopping, mobile commerce, data analytics, technology integration, user reviews, and contactless payments. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this seismic shift in the retail industry, and online retail is expected to continue to grow post-pandemic, driven by these technologies. AI enhances the customer experience, wearables provide interactive engagement, VR offers immersive shopping, AR merges online and physical shopping, and blockchain ensures secure transactions in the emerging metaverse. As retail converges with the metaverse, the potential for borderless and personalised shopping experiences is enormous. Advances in VR technology could lead to interconnected virtual spaces that seamlessly connect physical and digital retail, providing immersive and personalised shopping experiences. However, challenges such as cost, learning curves, digital security, legal ambiguity, data privacy, financial risk, and ethical considerations need to be addressed through vigilant and informed consumer engagement in this evolving digital landscape.
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Maki Hatanaka and Jason Konefal
Multi-stakeholder initiatives have proliferated as a leading form of standard-development, as they are understood to be more legitimate than other forms of non-state governance…
Abstract
Multi-stakeholder initiatives have proliferated as a leading form of standard-development, as they are understood to be more legitimate than other forms of non-state governance. The legitimacy of multi-stakeholder initiatives is a result of their perceived congruence with normative democratic principles. Using a case study of a multi-stakeholder initiative to develop a National Sustainable Agriculture Standard (LEO-4000) for the United States, this chapter examines the practices and politics of legitimation in non-state governance. The analysis of LEO-4000 indicates that, first, the simultaneous construction of legitimacy and standards affects the kinds of standards developed. Second, understandings of legitimacy are influenced by the standpoint of actors. Third, legitimacy has become a strategic dimension of standard-development, which actors use to further their interests. Based on these findings, we contend that non-state governance that relies on normative democratic principles for legitimation is constrained in its ability to develop stringent standards. Thus, there may be limits to non-state governance as a regulatory tool, and to achieve non-economic objectives such as increased sustainability. For rural areas, the implication is that they are becoming enmeshed in an emerging system of non-state governance that continues to be highly contested, particularly regarding who has the right to govern such areas. The findings in this chapter are based on qualitative data, including 34 interviews and participant-observation.
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The necessity for refinement of airscrew balance in order to eliminate destructive vibration from this source is due largely to the continuously improving standards of passenger…
Abstract
The necessity for refinement of airscrew balance in order to eliminate destructive vibration from this source is due largely to the continuously improving standards of passenger comfort of modern aeroplanes and to the operator's desire to extend the normal service life of the power plant and its accessories as well as that of the aeroplane structure. Power plant vibration already has been reduced to a degree where, in standard aeroplanes, there is no longer danger of major structural failure due to vibration originating from this source. Efforts to refine further the balance of engines and airscrews are directed mainly at increasing passenger comfort and extending the service life of aeroplane equipment.