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The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of simulation tools dedicated to eddy current non destructive testing (ECNDT) on planar structures implying planar defects. Two integral approaches using the Green dyadic formalism are considered.

The surface integral model (SIM) is dedicated to ideal cracks, whereas the volume integral method is adapted to general volumetric defects.

The authors observed that SIM provides satisfactory results, except in some critical transmitting/receiving (T/R) configurations. This led us to propose a hybrid method based on the combination of the two previous ones.

This method enables to simulate ECNDT on planar structures implying defects with a small opening using T/R probes.

Last month saw two major developments for the future of the Careers Service. An all‐party Expenditure Committee published their views on the Youth Employment Service and almost simultaneously Mr Maurice Macmillan, Secretary of State for Employment, presented his Employment and Training Bill to Parliament for its second reading.

Electronics exhibitions are the same the world over, very tiring affairs. If your stand is busy, time flies; if not, the strain is more noticeable.

The popular reflow day was repeated at Henley and commenced with Mike Judd giving an overview of current reflow techniques.

A fashionable cant in education is that teachers are not so much concerned with teaching as with learning. This belief emerged mainly as a result of the work of new thinkers in the 1960's who directed attention to the importance of the learner in the learning process and who heightened an awareness of knowledge as a variable rather than as a given. The resulting re‐appraisal of teaching methods focussed on learning as “acts of cognition, not transferrals of information”, with the teacher as a facilitator.

Globalisation is generally defined as the “denationalisation of clusters of political, economic, and social activities” that destabilize the ability of the sovereign State to control activities on its territory, due to the rising need to find solutions for universal problems, like the pollution of the environment, on an international level. Globalisation is a complex, forceful legal and social process that take place within an integrated whole with out regard to geographical boundaries. Globalisation thus differs from international activities, which arise between and among States, and it differs from multinational activities that occur in more than one nation‐State. This does not mean that countries are not involved in the sociolegal dynamics that those transboundary process trigger. In a sense, the movements triggered by global processes promote greater economic interdependence among countries. Globalisation can be traced back to the depression preceding World War II and globalisation at that time included spreading of the capitalist economic system as a means of getting access to extended markets. The first step was to create sufficient export surplus to maintain full employment in the capitalist world and secondly establishing a globalized economy where the planet would be united in peace and wealth. The idea of interdependence among quite separate and distinct countries is a very important part of talks on globalisation and a significant side of today’s global political economy.

The term geodemographics is derived from the combination of both geographic and demographic information on populations. The concept of geo‐demographic data is relatively new, and much confusion exists as to the extent to which such information is actually being used by both the public and private sector in the UK. One industry for which geodemographic information is particularly important is retailing. This is because retail location decisions are extremely capital‐intensive and locations themselves, once chosen, are (in the short term at least) fixed. Given the current economic climate and increased competition, it is becoming ever more important for retailers to monitor their trade areas, assess the impact of competition, and choose new store locations strategically. Discusses the use of geodemographics by retailers in their site modelling and trade area decision making and use is made of exploratory interviews in this respect.

Report on the debate on the second reading of the government's Employment and Training Bill

ANOTHER Annual Meeting has come and gone. It was scarcely to be expected that the meeting at Bradford would be a record in the number of members attending, seeing that it is only three years ago since the Association met in the neighbouring city of Leeds, and that Bradford cannot boast either the historical associations or the architectural and scenic setting of many other towns. For the most part therefore the members who did attend, attended because they were interested in the serious rather than the entertainment or excursion side of the gathering, which was so far perhaps to the advantage of the meetings and discussions. Nevertheless, the actual number of those present—about two hundred—was quite satisfactory, and none, we are assured, even if the local functions were the main or an equal element of attraction, could possibly have regretted their visit to the metropolis of the worsted trade. Fortunately the weather was all that could be desired, and under the bright sunshine Bradford looked its best, many members, who expected doubtless to find a grey, depressing city of factories, being pleasingly disappointed with the fine views and width of open and green country quite close at hand.