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Developing severe load spectrum of transport aircraft structures is crucial for enhancing the fatigue damage correlation between full-scale fatigue testing results and operational service. The lack of consensus on severe spectrum development methods for transport aircraft has prompted the current research, resulting in a proposed approach for a severe gust load spectrum based on the acceleration cumulative exceedance surface.

The measured load data were analyzed using a model based on the cumulative exceedance number surface to describe the variation in exceedance numbers. An improved sampling method based on multivariate Markov Chain Monte Carlo was employed to obtain the fleet fatigue damage distribution, enabling the determination of the severity of severe spectrum and the corresponding cumulative exceedance number surface, and a severe gust load spectrum was developed based on the surface.

The method that characterizes load spectrum variation using the cumulative exceedance surface minimizes the randomness of peak-trough pairs by incorporating the correlation of load spectrum peaks and troughs. This approach reduces the variation in fleet fatigue damage, thereby lowering the requirements for the severity of severe spectrum fatigue damage.

The proposed methodology extends from a one-dimensional curve to a two-dimensional surface, accounting for the correlation between peak and trough values to develop a severe spectrum. This approach more accurately describes the variation in acceleration cumulative exceedance numbers, directly benefiting fatigue damage calculation. This study provides valuable references for developing severe spectrum for transport aircraft.

Service innovation, ICT-enabled services, museum, cultural and creative industries.

Graduate-level courses of “Innovation Management,” “Service Innovation,” or “Cultural and Creative Industries”.

In 2006, the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taipei, Taiwan, announced its new vision “Reviving the Charm of an Ancient Collection and Creating New values for Generations to Come”. In recent years, the NPM has been shifting its operational focus from being object-oriented to being public-centered, and the museum has held not only the physical forms of artifacts and documents but also their digital images and metadata. These changes would inject new life into historical artifacts. In addition, archives as its collections would be given a refreshingly new image to the public and become connected with people's daily lives. Among these endeavors for displaying historical artifacts online and prevailing Chinese culture in the modern age, the key issues are related to digital technology applications and service innovations. The service innovations would be further divided into information and communication technologies (ICT)-enabled ones and non-ICT-enabled ones. These shifts clearly claim that adopting digital technologies and innovative services can bring positive impacts to the museum. The NPM administrative team wants to keep infusing life into ancient artifacts and texts, sustaining curiosities of the public for Chinese culture and history, and invoking their interests to visit the NPM in person. However, to develop for the future while reviewing the past, the NPM administrative team has to meditate on the next steps in terms of implementation of service innovations.

Students will learn motivations of digital establishment and service innovations from the organization perspective and the necessities of technological implementation. Students will understand the difference in innovations between ICT-enabled services and non-ICT-enabled services. Students would be able to understand the process of developing a new service. Students will be aware of challenges the organization would face in developing a new service.

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