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Urinary incontinence is one of the most important health problems for people over 65 years of age. It is defined as involuntary and uncontrolled loss of urine. This paper aims to present a contemporary view on the effects of physiotherapeutic procedures in combating urinary incontinence. Physiotherapeutic procedures were compared: pelvic floor muscle exercises, physical therapy and biofeedback (BF) to demonstrate their effectiveness in managing urinary incontinence in the elderly.

The databases Pubmed and GoogleScholar have been searched for articles on the impact of interventions – physiotherapeutic procedures on the effectiveness of the treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly.

Pelvic floor muscle exercises are effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence, strengthen muscle strength and improve patients' quality of life. A long-lasting, systematic and individual training program with a physiotherapist is the most effective. BF helps to intensify the therapeutic effect of exercise but also allows you to achieve good results as an independent treatment method. Positive effects are also noticeable in physical therapy, electrostimulation and magnetotherapy are very effective. Physiotherapeutic procedures have a positive effect in the treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly. However, further research is needed to clarify the most effective methods.

This paper offers many ways to deal with urinary incontinence in the elderly using physiotherapeutic procedures, thus helping to improve the quality of life of those affected by urinary incontinence.

Frailty is a geriatric syndrome which can be reversible or less severe through appropriate nutritional interventions. In the present study, to test the efficiency of individualized nutritional intervention was conducted a comprehensive assessment of the nutritional status of frail older adults and evaluation of the effect of nutritional intervention on the nutritional status of pre-frail older patients.

Frail older adults (n = 43; mean age 84.6 ± 6.4 years old; 81.4% women) had nutritional status assessed using nutritional anthropometry, body composition, and food frequency questionnaire. Pre-frail patients (n = 16; mean age 68.4 ± 5.5 years old; 81.3% women) for eight weeks were consuming 1.0 g protein/kg BW/day. Robust older adults formed a control group (n = 29; mean age 69.3 ± 5.3 years old; 82.8% women).

Frail older adults had weight and muscle mass loss, and their diet variety was sufficient. After the intervention, pre-frail patients increased their protein consumption by 25.8% (P = 0.002). An increase in lean body mass (+1.0 kg), skeletal muscle mass (+0.3 kg) and improvement in physical performance was also observed.

An individual diet for pre-frail older adults can reverse weight loss and increase lean body mass, furthermore preventing or delaying the development of frailty syndrome. Moreover, increased protein consumption improves physical performance of pre-frail older adults.