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Article
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Yuji Sano, Koichi Akita, Kazuya Takeda, Rie Sumiya, Toshiyuki Tazawa, Toshiyuki Saito and Chihiro Narazaki

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of compressive residual stress induced by laser peening under external loading on an age‐hardened high‐strength aluminum…

398

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of compressive residual stress induced by laser peening under external loading on an age‐hardened high‐strength aluminum alloy A2024‐T3, a low‐carbon austenitic stainless steel SUS316L (Type 316L) and a nickel‐based alloy NCF600 (Alloy 600).

Design/methodology/approach

The surface residual stress was measured intermittently by X‐ray diffraction during cyclic uniaxial loading.

Findings

The compressive residual stress due to laser peening significantly decreased during the first few cycles at stress ratio of 0.1 with the maximum loading stress exceeding the 0.2 per cent yield stress. No remarkable decrease was observed afterward until the end of the loading cycles.

Originality/value

Under symmetric loading at the stress ratio of −1 to A2024‐T3, a major decrease took place in the compression side of the first loading cycle. The surface residual stresses remained in compression within all the extent of the present experiments, even if the maximum loading stress exceeded the yield stress of the materials.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

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Abstract

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Article
Publication date: 22 June 2010

Koichi Kirihara, Norihiko Saga and Naoki Saito

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a device to support rehabilitation of a patient's upper limb motion.

558

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a device to support rehabilitation of a patient's upper limb motion.

Design/methodology/approach

The device has five degrees of freedom by virtue of its link mechanism. It consists of Joints 1‐5. Apparatus for use in so‐called welfare applications, such as this device, must be safe, flexible, and lightweight. A pneumatic cylinder, arranged and integrated with the device, was used to operate it. The device has two rehabilitation modes corresponding to different rehabilitation contents. The first mode is the muscular recovery and movable region expansion mode (Mode A). The second mode is a practical function recovery mode (Mode B). A compliance control and a position control system are applied for those modes.

Findings

By arranging the pneumatic cylinder optimally, results show that the device has compact and wide operating range and compliance‐control performance for Mode A. Position‐control performance for Mode B was verified experimentally. Moreover, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of the device and its control system through electromyography, which confirms that the developed device can support a patient's rehabilitation training.

Originality/value

The device has a simple link mechanism and an attached pneumatic cylinder, thereby constituting a lightweight and compact mechanism. The device has two rehabilitation modes corresponding to different rehabilitation contents. Using the device, a patient can conduct muscular power recovery training, movable region expansion training, and upper limb practical function recovery training.

Details

Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 37 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2004

Rajib Shaw, Koichi Shiwaku Hirohide Kobayashi and Masami Kobayashi

To understand the impact of earthquake experience and education on awareness, a survey was conducted with 1,065 high school first grade students from five prefectures of Japan…

7795

Abstract

To understand the impact of earthquake experience and education on awareness, a survey was conducted with 1,065 high school first grade students from five prefectures of Japan. Results showed that earthquake experience is not the prime factor to enhance awareness. Education, when it is confined to school education, can provide useful information as the knowledge base for earthquake. However, in the gradual path of knowing, realizing, deepening, decision and action, family, community, and self education are found to be more prominent. While, self education is important for realizing and deepening, family and community education play the most vital role for decision and actions. In school education, more active ways of disaster education through conversation, experiencing, and visual aids are found to be more effective. It is believed that school education, coupled with self, family and community education can help a student to develop a “culture of disaster preparedness”, which, in turn, will urge them to take right decisions and actions as an adult.

Details

Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0965-3562

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Article
Publication date: 16 October 2019

Kozo Harimaya and Koichi Kagitani

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of the banking business of Japan’s agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which depend heavily on financial business with…

199

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of the banking business of Japan’s agricultural cooperatives (JAs), which depend heavily on financial business with non-farmers, contradictory to cooperative principles.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors construct a panel data set over 2005–2016 from the financial statements of JAs’ prefectural-level federations and use the input distance stochastic frontier model with a time-variant inefficiency effect for analysis. Both the flow and stock measures of the banking output are used in identical models and the efficiency results are compared. The authors also investigate the determinants of efficiency by using the Tobit and ordinary least squares regression models.

Findings

There is strong evidence of significant prefectural differences in efficiency values. The ratio of lending to non-members to total loans is positively related to efficiency. In contrast, the higher reliance on a central organization and credit business leads to lower efficiency.

Research limitations/implications

Apart from banking, JAs provide mutual insurance business services. As the authors investigate only the efficiency of JAs’ banking business in this study, it would be necessary to investigate the efficiency of their insurance business as well when evaluating JAs’ overall financial business.

Originality/value

There are few studies that investigate the efficiency of JAs’ banking business and its determinants, although significant attention has been paid to their excessive dependence on the financial business.

Details

Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 80 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-1466

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