Describes a robot calibration package which produces a set of identifiedrobot model parameters. Uses a measurement target mounted on therobot’s end effector and a pair of…
Abstract
Describes a robot calibration package which produces a set of identified robot model parameters. Uses a measurement target mounted on the robot’s end effector and a pair of theodolites under automatic control. Typically permits the global positioning error of a robot to be reduced from 10 mm to 1mm. Concludes that calibration procedures such as these are essential for successful off‐line programming of robot systems.
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Describes an automated laser cutting cell used in the automotiveindustry. The cell has the benefits of fast throughput because of highcutting speeds, adaptability of height…
Abstract
Describes an automated laser cutting cell used in the automotive industry. The cell has the benefits of fast throughput because of high cutting speeds, adaptability of height sensing, safety of crash protection and flexibility of part modifications via robot path and program modifications. Outlines the feature of the cell which consists of two Nd:YAG lasers with fibre‐optic delivery and two five‐axis robots with trepanning heads, and describes their performance characteristics. Concludes with a summary of the advantages of using a laser cutting cell.
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G D van Albada, J M Lagerberg and A Visser
Outlines research work to design a robot calibration system which isportable, accurate and low‐cost. Describes prototype measuring systemwhich is based on a camera in the robot…
Abstract
Outlines research work to design a robot calibration system which is portable, accurate and low‐cost. Describes prototype measuring system which is based on a camera in the robot hand, plus a known reference object in the robot workspace. Gives details of the measuring procedure, the camera lens, the reference plate and the possible sources of measurement errors. Concludes that this method, based on photogrammetry to obtain measurements for the calibration of robot systems, has been implemented and tested and provides promising results for practical application.
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The process of knowledge production is usually assigned to scientists who use specific methods to extract knowledge from someone else's experience. Usually this includes…
Abstract
The process of knowledge production is usually assigned to scientists who use specific methods to extract knowledge from someone else's experience. Usually this includes collecting, aggregating and interpreting data from an uninvolved point of view; that is, from the outside. This procedure is supposed to guarantee objectivity and generalisation. Many child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors reject such an approach that turns them into objects again. This presents a problem for research because it limits the number and contribution of potential participants and can lead to bias. In self-help groups of CSA survivors, an enormous amount of experiential knowledge accumulates, and sometimes this is transferred into more than only individually valid knowledge. Based on this experience and aiming for more agency of CSA Survivors, a group of adult survivors and researchers developed a new approach to research. It focuses on the development of self-organised research, which enables survivors of sexualised violence to practice research without losing agency. They are indispensable and elementary parts in all phases of the process. This chapter shows one way of formalising this process so quality criteria can be developed and applied. Following the presented approach, evaluation of the presented methods is the appropriate next step because self-help groups give reason to estimate significant outcomes. These outcomes not only enable self-help groups of CSA survivors to incorporate new methods but also include the chance to empower adults, children or youth who have been victims of sexualised violence.
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Wenchi Shou, Jun Wang and Peng Wu
Simulation has attracted increasing attention in lean production research as a response to address the complexities of the production environment and difficulties of dealing with…
Abstract
Purpose
Simulation has attracted increasing attention in lean production research as a response to address the complexities of the production environment and difficulties of dealing with changes within a system. Considerable growth of using simulation to facilitate lean acceptance and implementation has been observed across different projects and sectors. However, a thorough review of the development and use of simulation in lean production research is limited.
Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to address this gap by reviewing 311 journal papers published in the past two decades on this specific research area and identify the state-of-the-art development and propose future research directions.
Findings
The review shows that current studies related to simulation in lean production research can be categorised into two major research streams, namely, simulation assisted lean facilitation and evaluation, and simulation-based lean education and training. Under the first research stream, a total of 19 application areas have been identified which applied both lean and simulation in their studies. The evolution of the simulation techniques used in these studies has been analysed as well. Meanwhile, four types of simulation games have been identified in the stream of simulation-based lean education and training and the impact and applicability of the different simulation and games have been discussed. A framework for engaging lean and simulation is suggested based on the review of the existing studies. The analysis in both streams also highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and the utilisation of information technologies for future studies.
Practical implications
The findings of this study are expected to provide useful references for the future development and application of simulation in lean production research.
Originality/value
This paper conducted a broad and extensive review of simulation integrated lean production research. An in-depth examination of the retrieved papers was conducted through a structured and quantitative analysis to understand the current body of knowledge.
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Rafael Quelho de Macedo, Rafael Thiago Luiz Ferreira and Kuzhichalil Jayachandran
This paper aims to present experimental and numerical analyses of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printed parts and show how mechanical characteristics of printed ABS-MG94…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present experimental and numerical analyses of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printed parts and show how mechanical characteristics of printed ABS-MG94 (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) are influenced by the void volume fraction, cooling rate and residual thermal stresses.
Design/methodology/approach
Printed specimens were experimentally tested to evaluate the mechanical properties for different printing speeds, and micrographs were taken. A thermo-mechanical finite element model, able to simulate the FFF process, was developed to calculate the temperature fields in time, cooling rate and residual thermal stresses. Finally, the experimental mechanical properties and the microstructure distribution could be explained by the temperature fields in time, cooling rate and residual thermal stresses.
Findings
Micrographs revealed the increase of void volume fraction with the printing speed. The variations on voids were associated to the temperature fields in time: when the temperatures remained high for longer periods, less voids were generated. The Young's Modulus of the deposited filament varied according to the cooling rate: it decreased when the cooling rate increased. The influence of the residual thermal stresses and void volume fraction on the printed parts failure was also investigated: in the worst scenarios evaluated, the void volume fraction reduced the strength in 9 per cent, while the residual thermal stresses reduced it in 3.8 per cent.
Originality/value
This work explains how the temperature fields can affect the void volume fraction, Young's Modulus and failure of printed parts. Experimental and numerical results are shown. The presented research can be used to choose printing parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties of FFF printed parts.
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Wiljeana J. Glover, Wen‐Hsing Liu, Jennifer A. Farris and Eileen M. Van Aken
Despite the increased adoption and reported benefits of kaizen event (KE) programs, there is a lack of empirical research documenting their design, implementation and outcomes, as…
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the increased adoption and reported benefits of kaizen event (KE) programs, there is a lack of empirical research documenting their design, implementation and outcomes, as well as what designs may be more vs less effective. This paper aims to present an empirical study describing the characteristics, including outcomes achieved, program attributes, and implementation problems, of 16 established KE programs. Although this study is primarily exploratory and descriptive, the goal is to identify areas for future research, including attributes that appear to support or detract from program success, and the outcomes and implementation problems experienced.
Design/methodology/approach
Using semi‐structured interviews, qualitative data were collected to characterize established KE programs in 16 manufacturing, service, and government organizations. The data were examined using content analysis to identify the most frequent codes for each characteristic, which were then compared to KE program characteristics synthesized from a systematic review of published KE sources. Based on this, a set of propositions were identified to guide future research on KE programs.
Findings
The majority of the 16 organizations reported successful programs, although there was noted variation in organization success. The organizations also neglected to measure many aspects of program success which they considered to be highly important, in particular, human resource outcomes. In addition, the organizations appeared to struggle with sustainability and believe that sustainability problems could threaten long‐term KE program viability. Other potentially influential factors include the types of processes targeted, event types, catalysts for events, and KE resources. The findings were used to develop propositions for future research in these and other specific areas.
Practical implications
The study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of established KE programs, as well as common areas in need of improvement even in these programs, and can be used by practitioners in establishing or improving their KE programs.
Originality/value
By documenting established KE programs across organizations and comparing actual practices to published sources, this study contributes to the development of KE theory and also provides direction for future empirical research.