Nadeem M. Firoz, Ahmad S. Maghrabi and Ki Hee Kim
In every country, specific cultures exist. In comparison most businesses have a variety of different cultures because there are different people working within the company. People…
Abstract
In every country, specific cultures exist. In comparison most businesses have a variety of different cultures because there are different people working within the company. People with the same religion, language, beliefs and values share a culture. This, in turn, is shared with all types of people in the same cultural system. Here the author examines the art of managing people who are from different cultures, taking into account their different set of values, traditions, and ways of achieving various goals. It exposes some of the problems inherent in the host (local) country where a home (parent company) manager refuses or is incapable of internalizing the local culture in which the expatriate operates. Business tactics are enforced and implemented differently depending on the culture the decision‐maker is from. Therefore, one should always think globally and act locally.
Seunghun Shin, Eunji Lee, Yerin Yhee, Jungkeun Kim and Chulmo Koo
This study aims to explain how the impact of COVID-19 on human mobility is affected by the perceived risk of the pandemic.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explain how the impact of COVID-19 on human mobility is affected by the perceived risk of the pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a statistical analysis and a geographic visualization technique, we investigate whether and how changes in people’s restaurant visiting patterns during COVID-19 vary with their level of risk perception.
Findings
The changes in people’s restaurant visiting patterns vary with their risk perception: the tendency to increase the number of visits to restaurants located in non-popular areas is related to the level of perceived risk.
Originality/value
This research confirms the importance of risk perception when examining the pandemic’s multi-dimensional impacts.
研究目的
这项研究旨在解释 COVID-19 对人类流动性的影响如何受到大流行的感知风险的影响。
研究设计/方法
使用统计分析和地理可视化技术, 我们调查人们的餐厅是否以及如何变化COVID-19 期间的访问模式因他们的风险感知水平而异。
结果
人们的餐厅光顾模式的变化随着他们的风险感知而变化:去位于非热门区域的餐厅的光顾次数增加的趋势与感知的风险水平有关。
原创性/价值
这项研究证实了在检查大流行的多维影响时风险认知的重要性。
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Mediante un análisis estadístico y una técnica de visualización geográfica, investigamos si los cambios en los patrones de visita a restaurantes de las personas durante COVID-19 varían en función de su nivel de percepción del riesgo y cómo lo hacen.
Objetivo
Esta investigación pretende explicar cómo el impacto de COVID-19 en la movilidad humana se ve afectado por el riesgo percibido de la pandemia.
Resultados
Los cambios en las pautas de visita a restaurantes de las personas varían en función de su percepción del riesgo: la tendencia a aumentar el número de visitas a restaurantes situados en zonas no populares está relacionada con el nivel de riesgo percibido.
Originalidad/valor
Esta investigación confirma la importancia de la percepción del riesgo a la hora de examinar los impactos multidimensionales de la pandemia.
Details
Keywords
There are three aims of this research. One is to verify the mutual effects between internal collaboration and external collaboration, another is to prove performance improvement…
Abstract
There are three aims of this research. One is to verify the mutual effects between internal collaboration and external collaboration, another is to prove performance improvement among different levels of supply chain collaboration, and the third is to analyze gaps between the two viewpoints. The population is Korean FDI firms in China and 208 data are used in the analysis. The data are treated with various methods: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, SEM, cluster analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA and post hoc analysis. The results are as follows. First, external collaboration and internal collaboration have positive effects on each other, which have a positive effect on performance. This means that efficiency of internal processes is the cause of promoting connection with external processes and information generated from the market is the basis of a variance of internal processes, followed by high performance. Second, service performance improvement is more definite than cost performance improvement among different levels of supply chain collaboration. Firms can achieve more definite results in service performance when they perform supply chain collaboration. Third, this research verifies both the viewpoint of directions of supply chain collaboration and the strategic choice viewpoint of supply chain collaboration to better understand supply chain collaboration. Both viewpoints approach supply chain collaboration from different viewpoints but they do explain the methods for performance improvement.
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Myung‐Ja Kim, Choong‐Ki Lee, Woo Gon Kim and Joung‐Man Kim
The purpose of this paper is to examine the structural relationships among lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS), healthy food choices, trust, and emotional loyalty and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the structural relationships among lifestyle of health and sustainability (LOHAS), healthy food choices, trust, and emotional loyalty and the moderating role of age between seniors and non‐seniors in restaurants.
Design/methodology/approach
Partial least squares (PLS)‐graph software (version 3.0) was used to analyze the measurements and structural models. The authors employed a PLS regression analysis for both the formative and reflective constructs in the empirical test of the research model.
Findings
The study revealed that the senior market segment differs from the non‐senior market segment in the following ways: the magnitude of impact of LOHAS on healthy food choices is much stronger for senior diners than for non‐senior diners and the impact of LOHAS on trust and emotional loyalty is greater for seniors than non‐seniors.
Research limitations/implications
The results of this study can guide the restaurant industry in its research on the implications of LOHAS for seniors.
Practical implications
Restaurant marketers should develop different strategies for the senior and non‐senior market segments, and they need to focus on target segments rather than attempting to appeal to the market as a whole.
Originality/value
This paper assists researchers and practitioners by shedding light on the differences among LOHAS, healthy food choices, trust, and emotional loyalty between senior and non‐senior diners.
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YooHee Hwang, Eunkyoung Park, Choong-Ki Lee, Hea-Jin Son and Hossein Olya
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the lighter (entertainment and esthetic experiences) and darker sides (educational and escapist experiences) of dark tourism…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the lighter (entertainment and esthetic experiences) and darker sides (educational and escapist experiences) of dark tourism experiences. This study also examines the effect of lighter and darker sides of dark tourism experiences on functional and emotional value.
Design/methodology/approach
To investigate how and where visitors experience lighter and darker sides of dark tourism, the authors conducted in-depth interviews from visitors to the Korean demilitarized zone (DMZ). To demonstrate consequences of lighter and darker sides of dark tourism experiences on functional and emotional value, the authors collected field survey data. Taken together, the authors used mixed methods with exploratory sequential design.
Findings
Interviewees vividly described their entertainment (crossing the suspension bridge) and esthetic experiences (seeing a family of crane birds from a short distance) in the Korean DMZ. They also described educational (understanding the background of the civil war) and escapist experiences (limiting daily entries made them feel like they were entering a special place or even a foreign country). Survey results showed that educational and esthetic experiences increased emotional value, while educational and escapist experiences enhanced functional value of a tour of the Korean DMZ.
Originality/value
Previous research operationalized lighter and darker sides of dark tourism based on characteristics of dark tourism sites. Specifically, darker and lighter aspects of dark tourism were determined, depending on whether such sites are directly related to human death or not. However, the current study draws on tourist experiences to operationalize lighter and darker sides of dark tourism. While previous research focused on the supply side, this study shifts focus to the demand side, thereby advancing knowledge in hybrid dark tourism experiences.
目的
本研究旨在通过娱乐和审美体验(相对于教育和逃避现实的体验)展示黑暗旅游的光明(相对于黑暗)的一面。除此, 本研究以到访频率和到访目的作调节变量, 分别探讨上述四个类别的黑色旅游体验、功能性或情感性价值和访客满意度的关系。
设计
为了深入探究上述四个类别的黑色旅游体验的性质, 我们与韩国非军事区的访客进行了深入的访谈。我们收集了田野问卷数据来测试上述四个类别的黑色旅游体验、价值观和满意度。运用测量不变性测试和多组分析试验了到访频率和到访目的之调节变量。
结果
受访者在韩国非军事区生动地描述他们的娱乐(走过吊桥)和审美经历(近距离观赏一群鹤鸟)。他们还描述了教育(解释了韩战的背景)和逃避现实的经历(每日入场人数限制让访客觉得他们正在进入一个特别的地方甚至是国外)。问卷结果显示了教育和审美经历引致了情感价值, 教育和逃避现实经历则引致功能价值。
原创性
先前的研究根据黑色旅游地点的特点, 对黑色旅游的光明面和黑暗面进行了展示。具体来说, 根据这些地点是否与人类死亡直接相关, 确定了黑暗旅游的光明及黑暗的方面。然而, 本研究利用旅游体验来定义黑色旅游的光明面和黑暗面。虽然之前的研究侧重于旅游供应方面, 但本研究将重点转移到需求方面, 从而推进了混合黑色旅游体验的知识发展。
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
El propósito de este estudio es demostrar el encendedor (entretenimiento y estética) experiencias) y los lados más oscuros (experiencias educativas y escapistas) de las experiencias de turismo oscuro. Este El estudio también examina el efecto de los lados más claros y más oscuros de las experiencias de turismo oscuro en funcional y valor emocional.
Propósito
Para investigar cómo y dónde los visitantes experimentan más claro y más oscuro lados del turismo oscuro, los autores realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a visitantes del desmilitarizado coreano zona desmilitarizada (DMZ). Demostrar las consecuencias de los lados más claros y más oscuros de las experiencias de turismo oscuro en valor funcional y emocional, los autores recopilaron datos de encuestas de campo. En conjunto, los autores utilizaron métodos mixtos con diseño secuencial exploratorio.
Hallazgos
Los entrevistados describieron vívidamente su entretenimiento (cruzar el puente colgante) y Experiencias estéticas (ver una familia de pájaros grulla desde una corta distancia) en la DMZ coreana. Ellos también describió experiencias educativas (comprendiendo los antecedentes de la guerra civil) y escapistas (limitar las entradas diarias les hizo sentir como si estuvieran entrando en un lugar especial o incluso en un país extranjero). Los resultados de la encuesta mostraron que las experiencias educativas y estéticas aumentaron el valor emocional, mientras que Las experiencias educativas y escapistas mejoraron el valor funcional de un recorrido por la DMZ coreana.
Originalidad/valor
Investigaciones anteriores operacionalizaron los lados más claros y más oscuros del turismo oscuro con base en Características de los sitios de turismo oscuro. Específicamente, los aspectos más oscuros y más claros del turismo oscuro fueron determinado, dependiendo de si tales sitios están directamente relacionados con la muerte humana o no. sin embargo, el El estudio actual se basa en las experiencias turísticas para operacionalizar los lados más claros y más oscuros del turismo oscuro. Si bien la investigación anterior se centró en el lado de la oferta, este estudio cambia el enfoque hacia el lado de la demanda, por lo que avanzar en el conocimiento de experiencias híbridas de turismo oscuro.
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Guangyu Xiao, Minwoo Lee, Choong-Ki Lee and Minseong Kim
This study aims to identify the key characteristics of tourism live streamers (TLSers) that influence target consumers and examine how these characteristics enhance destination…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify the key characteristics of tourism live streamers (TLSers) that influence target consumers and examine how these characteristics enhance destination brand value by stimulating consumer emotional engagement and value co-creation behaviors.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted with 552 respondents who had viewed tourism live streaming in China. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The results revealed that TLSers’ expertise had the strongest influence on consumers and positively affected their attachment, trust, participation and citizenship behaviors and perceived destination brand value. Attractiveness and trustworthiness exerted positive but weaker effects on these variables.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the theoretical development of live-streaming research by demonstrating the distinct impacts of TLSer characteristics. Furthermore, this study expands the application of the social exchange theory and value co-creation in tourism research.
研究目的
本研究旨在确定影响目标消费者的旅游直播主(TLSers)的关键特征, 并检验这些特征如何通过激发消费者情感参与和价值共创行为来增强目的地品牌价值。
研究方法
对在中国观看过旅游直播的552名受访者进行了问卷调查, 采用结构方程建模分析数据。
研究发现
研究结果显示, TLSers的专业知识对消费者影响最大, 并积极影响他们的情感依恋、信任、参与和公民行为, 以及感知的目的地品牌价值。吸引力和可信度对这些变量的影响较弱但也是积极的。
研究创新
本研究通过展示TLSer特征的独特影响, 对直播研究的理论发展做出了贡献。此外, 本研究扩展了社会交换理论和价值共创在旅游研究中的应用。
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Minjung Shin, Ki-Joon Back, Choong-Ki Lee and Young-Sub Lee
This study aims to investigate ways in which hotel loyalty programs can be designed to enhance customer’s identification with a hotel brand and develop a sustainable…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate ways in which hotel loyalty programs can be designed to enhance customer’s identification with a hotel brand and develop a sustainable customer-brand relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a cross-sectional design survey questionnaire for data collection and used structural equation modeling data analysis to test the conceptual model.
Findings
The three loyalty program experiences proposed (member-to-member similarity, memorable loyalty program experience and loyalty program social benefits) exerted significant positive effects on customer-brand identification (CBI), which, in turn, influences customer-brand relationship elements, including trust, commitment and switching resistance.
Originality/value
This study expands the scope of CBI literature, which previously focused substantially on brand level experiences, by being the first to explore a new set of CBI antecedents with a focus on loyalty program experiences. Furthermore, the current study’s findings delineate specific strategies to uphold the social and experiential aspects of loyalty programs that can develop sustainable customer-brand relationships.
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Younghoon Chang, One-Ki Daniel Lee, Jaehyun Park and Juyeon Ham
Hee-Kyoung Oh, Chi Cuong Vu and Jooyong Kim
The objective of this study is to investigate an appropriate breast prosthesis of pattern with center of gravity that exerts less clothing pressure on women who are breast cancer…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to investigate an appropriate breast prosthesis of pattern with center of gravity that exerts less clothing pressure on women who are breast cancer patients.
Design/methodology/approach
From November 2018, clothing pressure was measured with silk fabric breast prosthesis (SBP) of three different patterns above an affected breast (AB) by the force-sensitive resistance (FSR) sensor.
Findings
When wearing SBP above the AB, clothing pressure was significantly different in the healthy breast (HB) and the AB; the highest clothing pressure was at the center of nipple in the AB. Meanwhile, the top of the nipple area in the HB experienced higher clothing pressure than before wearing it. Because wearing heavy breast prosthesis presses down, influencing the HB as well. However, below the bottom of the breast bra curve in the AB, clothing pressure becomes lower than before wearing it. Because when the breast prosthesis was inserted into the bra, the clothing pressure not only increased generally but also the clothing pressure divided at some areas. Also, when comparing three different patterns of SBP, the result indicated a significant difference in clothing pressure only inside of breast cap and the center of gravity of the lower breast prosthesis has the lowest clothing pressure.
Research limitations/implications
A comparison in pressure based on a circuit design (FSR sensors) and an air pack (AP) device was presented. Further work will be focused on the generation of pressure clothing for breast cancer patients.
Originality/value
The paper demonstrates that wearing breast prosthesis with a center of gravity in the lower position from the nipple area has less effect on breast cancer women. The results of this paper facilitate the pattern design of clothing for patients.
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There are two aims of this research: one is to prove the interactive effect of supply chain integration (SCI) on performance and the other is to ascertain gaps in performance…
Abstract
There are two aims of this research: one is to prove the interactive effect of supply chain integration (SCI) on performance and the other is to ascertain gaps in performance among levels of SCI. The population of this research is international freight forwarders and the collected data is used in testing hypotheses through various analytical methods such as factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, cluster analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, ANCOVA, post hoc analysis and regression analysis. First, the interaction between internal integration and external integration improves customer performance and financial performance. The forwarders improve internal processes following information acquired from customers and the information is shared with logistics service providers, followed by high performance. Second, gaps in performance among levels of SCI are verified. Managers of the forwarders make strategic decision making on the basis of their recognition of environment and, as a result, the forwarders enjoy different performance.