Khalid Rashid and Anees Khadom
The purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion inhibition of mild steel alloy in 2 M H3PO4 solution by the pomegranate peel extract as a friendly inhibitor was studied…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion inhibition of mild steel alloy in 2 M H3PO4 solution by the pomegranate peel extract as a friendly inhibitor was studied at various temperatures, inhibitor concentrations and immersion times.
Design/methodology/approach
A weight loss method was used to evaluate the corrosion rate. The experimental Taguchi design method was used for the distribution of experiments. The experimental design gave results which were impossible to show graphically. However, this problem was solved effectively with the aid of regression analysis.
Findings
Corrosion rate increased with temperature according to Arrhenius equation. It was found that the efficiency of inhibition was increased with an increase in the concentration of inhibitor and immersion time. However, this diminishes with increased temperature. According to Langmuir isotherm, the inhibitor was adsorbed physically on steel surface. The negative sign of estimated heat of adsorption suggests a stable spontaneous inhibition process. Combination of mathematical and statistical analysis was proposed to demonstrate the results of corrosion rate with high correlation coefficients. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer examinations confirmed that the organic inhibitor consists of phenolic components as main materials.
Originality/value
Using unconventional approach for evaluation of environmentally friendly inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solution.
Details
Keywords
Anees Khadom and Khalid Rashid
This paper aims to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2.5 M HCl solution by kiwi juice at different temperatures, inhibitor concentration and immersion times.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2.5 M HCl solution by kiwi juice at different temperatures, inhibitor concentration and immersion times.
Design/methodology/approach
Box–Wilson experimental design is used for runs distribution and the corrosion rate values are evaluated by weight loss technique.
Findings
Corrosion rate increased with temperature according to Arrhenius equation, and the inhibitor adsorbed according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Second-order polynomial model is used for data fitting. The optimum conditions were estimated with maximum inhibitor efficiency of 96.1 per cent. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the peaks correspond to phenols, and quercitine is the main component. Microstructural, hardness and theoretical quantum studies are also performed.
Originality/value
This is one of the first steps in the direction of understanding the corrosion control problems from different views. Kinetics, surface morphology, optimization and mathematical views are taken in to account.
Details
Keywords
Abdullahi Abubakar Lamido and Mohamed Aslam Haneef
This paper critically reviews and analyzes the trends in waqf studies within the Islamic economics literature. It analyzes the recent developments and debates in waqf reform and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper critically reviews and analyzes the trends in waqf studies within the Islamic economics literature. It analyzes the recent developments and debates in waqf reform and advances the argument for prioritizing research on waqf economics; the waqf dimension that is concerned with modelling how to utilize it to enhance productivity, consumption, redistribution, investment and saving, and generally contribute sustainably towards poverty reduction, economic empowerment and development.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is conceptual in nature, focusing on a systematic historical analytical review of waqf studies in Islamic economics literature.
Findings
Despite the documented historic role of waqf in constructing the Muslim socio-economic architecture as the third economic sector and a mechanism for civilizational development and renewal, it received little attention in the early writings on modern Islamic economics. While the past one decade has witnessed a renewed interest in waqf research, most studies focus on its legal, juristic and administrative aspects in addition to the nostalgic reflections on its past glories. Little attention is comparatively given to the socio-economic aspect, which represents the actual raison d’être for its institutionalization.
Practical implications
An important task ahead of the current generation of Islamic economists is to formulate waqf-based development models that are rooted in proper diagnosis and deep understanding of the current socio-economic realities of the OIC member countries for the purpose of uplifting living standards and stimulating sustainable socio-economic development.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the debate on priorities in waqf studies and practice and can trigger further discourses and research on the future of research in waqf economics.
Details
Keywords
Nik Abdul Rahim Nik Abdul Ghani, Ahmad Dahlan Salleh, Amir Fazlim Jusoh @ Yusoff, Mat Noor Mat Zain, Salmy Edawati Yaacob, Azlin Alisa Ahmad and Muhammad Yusuf Saleem
This paper critically aims to examine the concept of beneficial ownership and its application in musharakah-based home financing.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper critically aims to examine the concept of beneficial ownership and its application in musharakah-based home financing.
Design/methodology/approach
The study applies the method of juristic interpretation in analyzing the meaning of beneficial ownership in legal documentation of musharakah-based home financing. This qualitative study uses content analysis approach that investigates the works of Islamic scholars on the concept of ownership and evaluates the concept of beneficial ownership in musharakah-based home financing from the Islamic perspective.
Findings
The result finds that beneficial ownership is considered a true ownership, as Shari’ah allows the transfer of ownership based on the offer and acceptance in a contract. Furthermore, the absence of legal registration does not mean the absence of true ownership, whereas all documentations and agreements have clearly stated rights and liabilities of each contracting parties.
Originality/value
This paper provides a fiqhi discussion of analyzing beneficial ownership in musharakah-based home financing. It shows that Shari’ah parameters are essential for the use of beneficial ownership to ensure its compliance with the Shari’ah requirements of milkiyyah (ownership).
Details
Keywords
Shasnil Avinesh Chand, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar and Peter Josef Stauvermann
Deposits, a liability component of banks’ balance sheet, are an important source of funding for commercial and retail banks. In this study, the authors consider deposits as…
Abstract
Purpose
Deposits, a liability component of banks’ balance sheet, are an important source of funding for commercial and retail banks. In this study, the authors consider deposits as dependent variable and examine factors (bank-specific, macrofinance and structural) that could plausibly explain deposits. Subsequently, the findings are expected to support analysts, bank managers and regulators, especially in small economies such as Fiji, for asset–liability management.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a balanced panel of six commercial banks and two credit institutions over the period 2000–2022. To control for bank heterogeneity, a fixed-effect regression method is used.
Findings
Bank-specific variables such as bank size, profitability, loan-to-deposit ratio and bank stability are positively associated with bank deposits, whereas the capital adequacy ratio is negatively associated with bank deposits. Macroeconomic variables such as remittances and gross domestic product per capita are positively associated with bank deposits. Moreover, institutional variables such as control of corruption, political stability and regulatory quality are positively associated with bank deposits. However, tail events such as the global financial crisis of 2007–09 and the COVID-19 pandemic negatively influence bank deposits. Structural breaks for 2007 and 2011 of two banks (Bank of the Baroda and Bank of the South Pacific, respectively) are positively associated with bank deposits.
Originality/value
Previous studies have considered profitability, competition, nonperforming loans and stability of banks in Fiji. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to consider the determinants of bank deposits, an important source of funds for banks in many small countries including Fiji. In addition, this study examines the impact of structural breaks, tail events such as the recent pandemic (COVID-19) and institutional variables.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this study is to examine the legal framework for court-annexed dispute resolution in courts with Sharī‘ah jurisdiction in Nigeria, Malaysia and Singapore. The major…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the legal framework for court-annexed dispute resolution in courts with Sharī‘ah jurisdiction in Nigeria, Malaysia and Singapore. The major part of the study is dedicated to propose reforms in the administration of justice system in the courts with Sharī‘ah jurisdiction in Nigeria and the relevance of such reforms to the ongoing reforms in the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries.
Design/methodology/approach
This is an integrative literature review, which adopts a comparative approach in analyzing the conceptual framework of amicable dispute resolution in the modern world with particular reference to the Sharī‘ah court.
Findings
The findings of this research illustrate the adaptability of the practices in Malaysia and Singapore in the courts with Sharī‘ah jurisdiction in Nigeria and the MENA region.
Practical implications
An exposition of the dispute resolution processes in Islamic law reveals the relevance of these processes in modern reforms of the administration of justice system. The practical implications of this study include the streamlining of the rules and procedures of modern Sharī‘ah courts in post-revolution Arab countries to allow for court-annexed amicable (alternative) dispute resolution initiatives.
Originality/value
As far as it is known, this is the first conceptual study on the court-annexed dispute resolution frameworks of Sharī‘ah courts in three commonwealth jurisdictions.
Details
Keywords
Abdulazeez Y.H. Saif-Alyousfi and Asish Saha
This paper aims to examine the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of banks in Gulf…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies during 1998–2017.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a two-step system generalized method of moments dynamic model to analyze the data.
Findings
The results show that non-traditional activities increase the risk and decrease the stability and profitability of banks that are highly capitalized, highly liquid and large. Banks in this group are less engaged in securities investments and their higher degree of loan exposure leads to a decrease in risk and an increase in their stability and profitability. Higher concentration increases the risk and decreases the stability and profitability of banks that are less capitalized, less liquid and small. Banks with a higher share of non-traditional activities are riskier and less stable and less profitable before the financial crisis. The study finds that banks with relatively higher capitalization and high lending growth rates are riskier, profitable and less stable during the crisis. Larger commercial banks are less risky and more stable and profitable than smaller banks before the global financial crisis. Islamic banks performed better in terms of fee income, capitalization, liquidity, asset quality and have higher market concentration than conventional banks.
Originality/value
The study provides the first comprehensive empirical evidence on the drivers of risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of the GCC banks. It also investigates the differences across these variables based on the characteristics of financial strength such as capitalization, liquidity and size; before, during and after the financial crisis; and differences between Islamic and conventional banks.
Details
Keywords
Mohammadsadegh Omidvar, Vahid Ghasemi and Moreno Frau
This study aims to integrate the four-dimensional corporate social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility) with environmental responsibility. It…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to integrate the four-dimensional corporate social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility) with environmental responsibility. It also aims to measure how service quality and corporate image mediate the effects of the five CSR dimensions on customer retention.
Design/methodology/approach
This research employs structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model. About 217 valid questionnaires were collected online from customers of restaurants in Tehran.
Findings
The results show that legal, ethical, philanthropic and environmental dimensions positively and significantly impact corporate image and service quality. Moreover, corporate image and service quality mediate the effects of the five CSR dimensions on customer retention.
Practical implications
Managers may learn that by enhancing their environmental responsibility, they are also working on increasing service quality and corporate image and, in turn, customer retention. Restaurants can differentiate themselves from competitors and attract and retain environmentally conscious customers, ultimately contributing to their competitive advantage.
Originality/value
This research extends Carroll’s dimensions by incorporating environmental responsibility, demonstrating its potential to boost service quality and corporate image for customer retention. A noteworthy contribution is introducing environmental responsibility as a novel dimension of CSR within the restaurant and food industry. Recognising the increasing importance of environmental sustainability in academic and societal discourse, it was crucial to consider the environment as a distinct aspect of this research.
Details
Keywords
Dominique Santini and Holly Henderson
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consolidate knowledge and benchmark the progress being made across the 32 International Federations (IFs) in the Summer Olympic…
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consolidate knowledge and benchmark the progress being made across the 32 International Federations (IFs) in the Summer Olympic Programme.
Design/methodology/approach: A website content analysis, analytical hierarchy of information, and social media research was conducted to triangulate the barriers and drivers of environmental sustainability (ES) progress. This data was then analysed to empirically substantiate the findings of previous methods by exploring potential drivers of IF ES progress and communication and refining the ranking of IF ES progress.
Results and findings: World Sailing is by far the most advanced IF in terms of ES progress, followed by World Athletics. Only 4 out of 32 have any sort of strategic ES plans. Only golf, surfing, football, sailing, and hockey have received any academic attention. There is a significant lack of understanding of environmental practices across sport, and their drivers/barriers. There is limited accountability with regards to ES progress and activities throughout the Olympic Movement. This has resulted in uneven diffusion of environmental activities.
Originality: This paper is a new contribution to sport management and ES literature. It provides a benchmark of understanding for ES in the Summer Olympic Programme for the first time using a hierarchy of information to ground results. The exploration and comparison of the perspectives of separate sports adds to the paper's originality.
Details
Keywords
Waqas Mehmood, Arshian Sharif and Attia Aman-Ullah
The purpose of the present study is to test the effect of financial development and environmental degradation on the control of corruption.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present study is to test the effect of financial development and environmental degradation on the control of corruption.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a dynamic approach known as system GMM to analyze annual data from 90 developed and developing countries over 24 years, from 1996 to 2020.
Findings
The present study shows a significantly negative relationship between financial development and control of corruption and a significantly positive relationship between environmental degradation and control of corruption. The result suggests that improvement in financial development may reduce control of corruption; however, reduction in environmental degradation may reduce control of corruption. The results are consistent across both developed and developing countries.
Practical implications
The study’s findings have significant implications for financial institutions, governmental policy departments and environmental regulatory agencies. The policy outcomes are closely linked to the economic prosperity of countries. In general, developing countries can implement strategies to promote financial development and environmental regulations, even though they may temporarily tolerate corrupt activities. Conversely, developed nations may have differing implications from developing countries.
Originality/value
This study is different from the past literature as none of the studies have been conducted previously focusing on developed and developing countries’ financial development, environmental degradation and control of corruption.