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Article
Publication date: 25 September 2009

R. Bruce Floersheim, Gene Hou and Kent Firestone

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the material properties of carbon fiber polyamide composite (CFPC) used in a 3D rapid prototyping process based upon selective laser…

1409

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the material properties of carbon fiber polyamide composite (CFPC) used in a 3D rapid prototyping process based upon selective laser sintering (SLS) and demonstrate that the SLS process introduces a bias in the micro‐fiber orientation such that the CFPC solid is an orthotropic structural material.

Design/methodology/approach

Material coupons for tensile tests from each of the orthogonal planes are created using the SLS process. After tensile testing, the coupons are examined under scanning electron microscopy to verify the micro‐fiber orientation bias. A complex 3D structure developed utilizing the CFPC material is subjected to modal testing to extract the natural frequencies. These frequencies are compared to predictive numerical analysis results from computer‐aided engineering (CAE) software to validate the coupon test results.

Findings

This paper proves that the CFPC solid material is orthotropic after the SLS process and that the process itself creates bias in the micro‐fiber orientation. Predictions of natural frequencies from CAE software for a complex 3D structure created from CFPC are within 2 percent of the actual natural frequencies determined during modal testing.

Practical implications

The paper has determined the tensile material characteristics of solid CFPC correcting the original material data sheet information which lists the solid CFPC as isotropic with much stronger tensile characteristics. It has also provided evidence of the bias that SLS introduces to embedded micro‐fibers during the rapid‐prototyping process.

Originality/value

The paper deals with experimental work on determining the material characteristics of a relatively new composite material for which very little test data exists in literature. In particular, an original contribution is demonstration of the micro‐fiber orientation bias introduced by the SLS process.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 15 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 21 April 2022

Timo Dietrich, Erin Hurley, Julia Carins, Jay Kassirer, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Robert W. Palmatier, Rowena Merritt, Scott K. Weaven and Nancy Lee

The purpose of this paper is synthesise social marketing literature over the past fifty years and deliver a set of guiding tenets to propel social marketing’s agenda forward.

13244

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is synthesise social marketing literature over the past fifty years and deliver a set of guiding tenets to propel social marketing’s agenda forward.

Design/methodology/approach

Across three strands, this paper amalgamates theoretical and practitioner evidence from social marketing. This synthesis commences with a review, summary and critical discussion of five decades of social marketing research. Across Strands 2 and 3, the authors review 412 social marketing interventions reported across 10 evidence reviews and 238 case studies.

Findings

This paper demonstrates social marketing’s use of fundamental marketing principles and capability to achieve behaviour change outcomes. Social marketers have built frameworks and processes that non-profit organisations, government agencies and policymakers seeking to enact change can use. This paper delivers five tenets that summarise the findings of the three strands and delivers research priorities for the next 50 years of social marketing research to drive the field forward.

Research limitations/implications

Drawing on five decades of learning, this paper proposes research priorities that can be applied to refine, recalibrate and future-proof social marketing’s success in making the world a better place.

Practical implications

This paper demonstrates the value of social marketing science and helps bridge gaps between theory and practice, and further strengthens social marketing’s value proposition. This paper provides confidence that money invested in social marketing programs is well spent.

Originality/value

This paper delivers a forward-looking perspective and provides social marketing academics and practitioners with confidence that it can assist in overcoming society’s most pressing issues. The paper encompasses key social marketing literature since it was founded 50 years ago. Five tenets will guide social marketing forward: evidencing marketing principles, operationalisation of processes, principles and activities, implementing systems thinking, creating and testing marketing theory and guiding a new social marketing era.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 56 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1987

JOSEPH MURPHY, PHILIP HALLINGER, KENT D. PETERSON and LINDA S. LOTTO

In this study the authors set out to investigate the nature of administrative control in school districts in general and the control processes and activities employed in…

193

Abstract

In this study the authors set out to investigate the nature of administrative control in school districts in general and the control processes and activities employed in instructionally effective school districts in particular. Nine control functions are identified which are assumed to affect student outcomes by influencing the culture and technology (curriculum and instruction) of schools. Data were collected from interviews of superintendents in 12 effective school districts in California. The findings revealed inter alia more district‐level control of principal behavior and site activity than anticipated; control functions that were pervasive and connected; a wide range of control mechanisms; and the key role of the superintendent in connecting schools and district offices.

Details

Journal of Educational Administration, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-8234

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Article
Publication date: 20 February 2009

Christa Boske

The purpose of this study is to increase awareness of the interactions among school leadership standards, cultural competence, and decision‐making practices for chief school…

768

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to increase awareness of the interactions among school leadership standards, cultural competence, and decision‐making practices for chief school executives.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this objective, 1,087 chief school executives, who were members of the American Association of School Administrators (AASA) in 2006, completed an electronic survey. Respondents rank‐ordered eight leadership standards, from most to least important. These standards focused specifically on diversity issues promoted through school leadership programs within the USA (American Association of School Administrators, National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium). Chief school executives also completed a 12‐item survey identifying what training they received during their graduate studies to help them meet the needs of diverse student populations.

Findings

Respondents ranked the three most important diversity standards that promoted the success of all school‐age children; the remaining diversity standards that focused specifically on marginalized populations were ranked as less important. The least important diversity standard was the ability and willingness to reject any arguments of a one‐to‐one correlation between race and culture or race and intelligence. Respondents indicated that their school districts do not promote culturally responsive professional development – also that their school leadership preparation programs did not prepare them for equity issues emphasized in the national standards.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that chief school executives might not have the ability or willingness to validate the cultural and ethnic experiences of the school communities they serve.

Originality/value

Understanding the implications of responding to marginalization as an institutionalized concept is just beginning to surface in scholarship and research. The study increases awareness of the interactions among school leadership standards, cultural competence, and decision‐making practices for chief school executives and makes recommendations for practice and further research.

Details

International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-354X

Keywords

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Publication date: 5 October 2015

Christa Boske and Azadeh F. Osanloo

This book provides a deeper understanding of what it means to promote social justice and equity work in schools and communities around the world. Throughout this book, narratives…

Abstract

This book provides a deeper understanding of what it means to promote social justice and equity work in schools and communities around the world. Throughout this book, narratives describe how authors continue to reshape the agenda for educational reform. They remind us of the significance meaningful relationships play in promoting and sustaining reform efforts that address the injustices vulnerable populations face in school communities. Their voices represent the need for engaging with obstacles and barriers and a resistant world through a web of relationships, an intersubjective reality (see Ayers, 1996). As authors engaged in thinking about addressing injustices, they describe how their thoughts transformed into actions moving beyond, breaking through institutional structures, attempting to rebuild and make sense of their own situations (see Dewey, 1938).

Details

Living the Work: Promoting Social Justice and Equity Work in Schools around the World
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-127-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1986

William L. Shanklin

Hercules Powder. Liebmann Breweries. These companies, and over 250 others that appeared on the very first Fortune 500 list in 1955, have vanished from the front ranks of American…

124

Abstract

Hercules Powder. Liebmann Breweries. These companies, and over 250 others that appeared on the very first Fortune 500 list in 1955, have vanished from the front ranks of American industry. Why did so many fail to thrive? Is there an inevitable cycle of corporate growth, senescence, and morbidity? This is a salient question to pose three decades later. Why does the American corporate elite have such a lackluster record in perpetuating their preeminence? What accounts for the fact that companies with the wherewithal to hire the very best executive and technical talent available, and with the most money to invest in marketing, manufacturing, and R&D, have had so much trouble sustaining themselves at a lofty level?

Details

Planning Review, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0094-064X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2002

Since gaining a mass following in the mid‐1990s, companies have poured millions into customer relationship management (CRM) software and solutions. Over the next few years…

5194

Abstract

Since gaining a mass following in the mid‐1990s, companies have poured millions into customer relationship management (CRM) software and solutions. Over the next few years analysts predict that this high spend is set to continue. But why the explosion in investment? Can CRM offer long‐term value, and if so how? The basics of CRM have been around ever since the birth of commerce. At the heart of every business transaction lies the process of interaction between customer and vendor. Managing this interaction so that customers willingly return should be the goal of every customer‐facing organization.

Details

Strategic Direction, vol. 18 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0258-0543

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1937

THE following lists of contracts placed by the Air Ministry during September and October are extracted from the October and November issues of The Ministry of Labour Gazette:

23

Abstract

THE following lists of contracts placed by the Air Ministry during September and October are extracted from the October and November issues of The Ministry of Labour Gazette:

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 9 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 4 May 2012

Marilyn J. Davidson, Glenice J. Wood and Jack T. Harvey

Previous US research has consistently revealed females reporting lower pay expectations and entitlements compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to…

837

Abstract

Purpose

Previous US research has consistently revealed females reporting lower pay expectations and entitlements compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether these gender differences still exist, specifically in British and Australian business students, or whether there has been a generation shift in attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data were analysed from 481 (252 females and 229 males) university students, on their responses to what they “expected” to earn five years after graduation and what they thought they “deserved” to earn. Students from two British universities (n=285) and two Australian universities (n=196) participated.

Findings

Results revealed that the presence of very high values (outliers) reported by a small proportion of male respondents led to apparent gender differences in perceived entitlement (deserved salary). However, appropriately modified analyses showed no significant gender differences in expected salary, deserved salary or salary difference. Differences were observed between countries; in the UK expectations and views on deserved salary were higher than those expressed in Australia. In addition, in both countries' students from higher ranking universities expected higher salaries and believed they deserved a higher salary.

Research limitations/implications

The sample is restricted to University business students and may not generalise to other groups.

Practical implications

Implications of these findings reflect on gender pay inequities, along with methodological issues for future research.

Originality/value

This paper challenges the long‐held view that, in general, males have more positive expectations of their future salaries than females. While this has been reported in the past, the paper illustrates that in a contemporary sample across two countries, the great majority of male and female students had very similar expectations for their future salary. The paper proposes some explanations that may account for this phenomenon. The only clear gender difference observed was the presence of a small proportion of males with extremely high salary expectations; the paper highlights the necessity for appropriate statistical analysis of such highly skewed data.

Details

Gender in Management: An International Journal, vol. 27 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2413

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 1968

IN the two years since the last Farnborough Air Show was held by the Society of British Aerospace Companies the aircraft industry has achieved an almost complete metamorphosis…

68

Abstract

IN the two years since the last Farnborough Air Show was held by the Society of British Aerospace Companies the aircraft industry has achieved an almost complete metamorphosis from the body blows in the form of major programme cancellations that almost felled it in 1965 to the very healthy position that it holds today.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 40 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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