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Recently, the requirement of the printed wiring boards (PWBs) of environmental harmony type has risen rapidly. We have developed the core technologies of halogen‐free. They consist of resin system technology and high filler content technology. The point of the resin technology is the development of a new resin system (RO resin) which takes nitrogen into the molecule frame in a large quantity. The point of the high filler content technology is the development of a new filler interphase control system (FICS) which enables the high dispersion of fillers. A variety of halogen‐free substrates which can be applied to the diversified needs have been developed by combining these technologies. They are MCL‐RO‐67G, thin laminate for the multi‐layer PWBs, MCF‐4000G, build‐up material for high density interconnect (HDI) , and MCL‐E‐679F(G), high Tg laminate for the advanced plastic IC packages (PKGs) and PWBs. These materials have excellent heat‐resistance, and are suitable for lead‐free solder as well. The robustness towards temperature, humidity and frequency of those materials is better than that of current materials. The synthetic board design of the environmental harmony type is facilitated by combined use of these materials. We are also developing several multi‐layer and build‐up materials, HDI for high frequency, high speed and high reliability application to meet the requirement of PWBs and advanced PKGs for the near future.

The causes of “ altitude sickness ” are enumerated and discussed, and a definition is given of the limits within which pure oxygen or mixtures of air and oxygen may be breathed at various heights, with the symptoms and effects produced. The usefulness of the pressure‐cabin and the requirements which it must satisfy are also considered. Ear troubles occurring in flight, and the risk of embolism in rapid ascents, are discussed, together with their causes, and the possibility of eliminating these troubles is examined.

This article assesses the development of flood relief and recovery, and their narratives, as political sites for the central and local governments to negotiate each other's standing and role in imperial Japan.

The article examines local flood narratives, most prominently from Okayama, to assess how imperial Japan's central government intruded into the periphery through disaster relief, and how the localities negotiated and challenged Tokyo's political agenda on the ground and through these narratives.

The above sources reveal that the national government attempted to use flood experiences to unite the pluralizing society by three main means: building meteorological stations, relief laws, and through the imperial being. The process was systematized gradually, and local prefectures aided and challenged Tokyo's attempts. The prefectures also used disasters to try to bring unity within their community.

Historical flood narratives are often used to mine data from which future preventative and management measures are constructed. The article suggests the narratives' political nature, and hence the nuances that must be considered in these efforts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on investment decisions through a serial mediation of overconfidence and disposition effects.

The authors assess the behavioral biases affecting the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders through the serial mediation of overconfidence and disposition effects using a structured questionnaire. The study included 501 life insurance policyholders who were selected using a snowball sampling technique.

The results of this study revealed that behavioral biases influence the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders. The results also support the serial mediation model, where behavioral biases influence the investment decisions of life insurance policyholders via overconfidence and disposition effects.

This study makes a theoretical contribution to the field of behavioral finance by exploring the influences of behavioral biases on investment decisions. It also introduces overconfidence and disposition effects as serial mediators between behavioral biases and investment decisions. The study will be helpful for researchers, academicians and policymakers in the development of a more comprehensive model in the area of behavioral finance and in raising awareness regarding those biases among policyholders in order to improve their investment strategy.

This study has extended the ongoing simple mediation model by integrating overconfidence and disposition effects in a serial mediation model between behavioral biases and investment decisions. The study will contribute to the area of behavioral finance, as it is the first time this particular study has been conducted according to the authors’ knowledge.

Current issues of Publishers' Weekly are reporting serious shortages of paper, binders board, cloth, and other essential book manufacturing materials. Let us assure you these shortages are very real and quite severe.

This chapter focuses on the experiences and processes of earthquake recovery to discuss the general state of disaster recovery in Japan. In this way, it is expected that the outcome and discussion can provide effective insights for both domestic and international disaster-related efforts. First, the characteristics of natural disasters in Japan are summarized using statistical data. Quantitative and qualitative methods are flexibly used to analyze published data, materials, and semistructured interview data. Published data and materials are collected from various sources. Interview data were gained from diverse interviewees. Then, four case studies of earthquake recovery are introduced and the application of their recovery experiences to future disaster risk reduction is proposed. Finally, conclusions have been drawn from these case studies to show the practical influence of disaster-recovery experiences to regions that are currently experiencing or are likely to experience natural disasters in the future. More specifically, the chapter illustrates what challenges and influences past earthquakes can have on our present preparedness against a Nankai Trough Earthquake, which is predicted to occur in the near future.

This paper aims to propose a homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy for a magnetic field analysis of a turbine generator. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the effects of magnetic anisotropy and a space factor on a no-load saturation curve and no-load iron loss of the turbine generator are discussed.

The proposed method was derived from the combination of the homogenization of microscopic fields in a laminated iron core with the modelling of two-dimensional magnetic properties based on free energy. To verify the validity, the proposed method was applied to a finite-element analysis of a simple ring core model. Finally, a no-load saturation curve and iron loss of the turbine generator was investigated by using the proposed method.

The computational accuracy of the homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy is almost the same as that of the detailed modelling of the laminated structure in the magnetic field analysis of the laminated iron core. Furthermore, it is clarified that magnetic anisotropy does not have a large influence on the no-load saturation curve of the turbine generator because of the large air gap. On the other hand, the space factor affects the shape of the no-load saturation curve.

This paper verifies the validity of the homogenization method considering magnetic anisotropy method and elucidates the effects of magnetic anisotropy and a space factor on no-load characteristics of the turbine generator.

This chapter examines the current state of crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It focuses on issues preventing wider implementation and specific products. ETFs have become a popular investment vehicle that investors use to help achieve their long-term goals. A recurring theme is that regulators protect individual investors from direct exposure to cryptocurrency, which many view as highly speculative investments. Pressure from institutions and investors for a bitcoin-based ETF made progress in 2021 when Proshares, an ETF specialized investment company, debuted the first-ever bitcoin futures ETF in the United States. This event is the first-time investors could buy a fund on the New York Stock Exchange that tracks derivative futures contracts of bitcoin. This occurrence pushed this digital asset’s spot price to all-time highs, serving as a breakthrough in cryptocurrency history.

Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of transgender adolescents that receive gender-affirming hormones. While the long-term repercussions of taking hormones are understudied, it is possible that one of the impacts is infertility. Although infertility is not definite, healthcare professionals are still responsible for discussing fertility preservation with transgender adolescent patients, which encourages a population of young people to determine whether or not they want to biologically have children in the future. Drawing on in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals, parents, and transgender adolescents, this study explores the thoughts and perceptions pertaining to fertility and how these three groups work with one another throughout transition. My findings show that (1) adult participants (parents and healthcare professionals) have mental barriers, which include fear of regret and grief over the loss of anticipated biological motherhood, (2) there is a delay in the conversation happening between the healthcare professionals, parents, and trans adolescents, and (3) trans adolescents reject fertility, but are open to building a family. I argue that cisnormative and transnormative ideologies overshadow these conversations, which could result in limiting the potential for queer biological parenthood. The chapter ends with suggestions for how to make conversations pertaining to fertility preservation more expansive to dismantle transnormativity.