Rahulrajan Karthikeyan, Chieh Yi and Moses Boudourides
As artificial intelligence and machine learning become increasingly integrated into daily life, both individuals and institutions are growing dependent on these technologies…
Abstract
As artificial intelligence and machine learning become increasingly integrated into daily life, both individuals and institutions are growing dependent on these technologies. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that such advancements can introduce potential flaws or vulnerabilities. A case in point is the investigation conducted by the non-profit organization ProPublica into the COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions) risk assessment tool – a tool widely used by US courts to assess the likelihood of a defendant reoffending. To address the issue of underlying biases, including racial biases, which can lead to inaccurate predictions and significant social harm, we are delving into the current literature on algorithmic bias in decision systems. We are also exploring the evolving considerations of fairness and accountability in machine learning. Specifically, within the realm of predictive policing algorithms employed in the criminal justice system, our focus is on recent studies aimed at mitigating biases in algorithmic decision-making. This involves reassessing recidivism rates and implementing adversarial debiasing in conjunction with fairness metrics.
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Fayaz Kharadi, Karthikeyan A, Virendra Bhojwani, Prachi Dixit, Nand Jee Kanu and Nidhi Jain
The purpose of this study is to achieve lower and lower temperature as infrared sensors works faster and better used for space application. For getting good quality images from…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to achieve lower and lower temperature as infrared sensors works faster and better used for space application. For getting good quality images from space, the infrared sensors are need to keep in cryogenic temperature. Cooling to cryogenic temperatures is necessary for space-borne sensors used for space applications. Infrared sensors work faster or better at lower temperatures. It is the need for time to achieve lower and lower temperatures.
Design/methodology/approach
This study presents the investigation of the critical Stirling cryocooler parameters that influence the cold end temperature. In the paper, the design approach, the dimensions gained through thermal analysis, experimental procedure and testing results are discussed.
Findings
The effect of parameters such as multilayer insulation, helium gas charging pressure, compressor input voltage and cooling load was investigated. The performance of gold-plated and aluminized multilayer insulation is checked. The tests were done with multilayer insulation covering inside and outside the Perspex cover.
Practical implications
By using aluminized multilayer insulation inside and outside the Perspex cover, the improvement of 16 K in cool-down temperature was achieved. The cryocooler is charged with helium gas. The pressure varies between 14 and 18 bar. The optimum cooling is obtained for 17 bar gas pressure. The piston stroke increased as the compressor voltage increased, resulting in total helium gas compression. The optimum cool-down temperature was attained at 85 V.
Originality/value
The cryocooler is designed to achieve the cool-down temperature of 2 W cooling load at 100 K. The lowest cool-down temperature recorded was 105 K at a 2 W cooling load. Multilayer insulation is the major item that keeps the thermal radiation from the sun from reaching the copper tip.
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Anderson A., Karthikeyan A., Ramesh Kumar C., Ramachandran S. and Praveenkumar T.R.
The purpose of this study is to predict the performance and emission characteristics of micro gas turbine engines powered by alternate fuels. The micro gas turbine engine…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to predict the performance and emission characteristics of micro gas turbine engines powered by alternate fuels. The micro gas turbine engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics are analyzed for the jet fuel with different additives.
Design/methodology/approach
The experimental investigation was carried out with Jet A-1 fuel on the gas turbine engines at different load conditions. The primary blends of the Jet A-1 fuels are from canola and solid waste pyrolysis oil. Then the ultrasonication of highly concentrated multiwall carbon nanotubes is carried with the primary blends of canola (Jet-A fuel 70%, canola 20% and 10% ethanol) and P20E (Jet-A 70% fuel, 20% PO and 10% ethanol).
Findings
The consumption of the fuel is appreciable with the blends at a very high static thrust. The 39% reduction in thrust specific fuel consumption associated with a 32% enhance in static thrust with P20E blend among different fuel blends. Moreover, due to the increase in ethanol concentration in the blends PO20E and C20E lead to a 22% rise in thermal efficiency and a 9% increase in higher oxygen content is observed.
Practical implications
The gas turbine engine emits very low emission of gases such as CO, CO2 and NOx by using the fuel blends, which typically reduces the fossil fuel usage limits with reduced pollutants.
Originality/value
The emission of the gas turbine engines is further optimized with the addition of hydrogen in Jet-A fuel. That is leading to high specific fuel exergy and owing to the lower carbon content in the hydrogen fuel when compared with that of the fossil fuels used in gas turbine engines. Therefore, the usage of hydrogen with nanofluids was so promising based on the results obtained for replacing fossil fuels.
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Chiranjeeva Rao Seela and Ravi Sankar B.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of blends of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and its nano Al2O3 emulsion on variable compression ratio diesel engine. The oxygen…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of blends of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and its nano Al2O3 emulsion on variable compression ratio diesel engine. The oxygen in alumina contributed for the smooth burning and resulted in improved performance and emissions.
Design/Methodology/Approach
The biodiesel (methyl ester) is prepared from the raw Jatropha oil. The B10, B20 and B30 blends of and their nanoemulsions are prepared with the 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm of nano Al2O3. The prepared JME blends and its nanoemulsions are tested in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics.
Findings
The nanoemulsion B20 + 50 ppm has given maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and with the increased proportion of nanoparticle, the BTE was reduced. Also, the specific fuel consumption is lowest (0.2826 kg/kWh) for B20 + 50 ppm at the compression ratio 16.5 and full load which is 4.10% lower than the diesel and 5.8% lower than the B20 blend. As the load increases, NOx emission increases owing to higher peak temperatures in the combustion chamber. The JME-nano Al2O3 emulsion reduces the HC and CO emission compared with all other fuels.
Originality/Value
Novel nano emulsions are prepared, characterized and tested on VCR engine.
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Halil Zaim, Yavuz Keceli, Ashraf Jaradat and Selma Kastrati
Managing knowledge effectively and efficiently is considered to be a key success factor to gain sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. This study aims to analyze the…
Abstract
Purpose
Managing knowledge effectively and efficiently is considered to be a key success factor to gain sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. This study aims to analyze the impact of knowledge management (KM) processes on human resource management (HRM).
Design/methodology/approach
To test the relationship of KM processes on HRM, a case study was conducted using structural equation modeling based on data collected from employees and managers of a Telecom company in Turkey. The survey instrument is a self-administered questionnaire composed of 37 questions. Three of them are demographic questions; 20 questions aim to reveal KM processes and 14 for HRM practices. The questionnaire was distributed via google survey link to employees and managers in headquarters office and two branches in Istanbul.
Findings
In this paper, the authors tried to investigate the impact of KM practices on the HRM performance of a company. The results indicate that companies with better KM practices tend to perform better at HRM. The main contribution of this paper lies in pointing out that, among the dimensions of KM, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization have direct impact on HRM, whereas knowledge generation and knowledge sharing have indirect impacts.
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that data are collected from a single company in telecom industry. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize the results. Although the research findings are aligned with those of the previous studies, further research using data from numerous companies in various industries is still needed to generalize the research findings.
Practical implications
The paper includes implications for the development of knowledge utilization generated and stored within the company. The knowledge can create improvements in the company’s HRM performance if it is shared and used effectively. The paper addresses an important subject and the findings may be used by human resources and KM practitioners interested in the development of organizational knowledge through human resource practices.
Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to investigate the impact of KM practices on the HRM performance of a company.
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Diesel has traditionally been considered the best-suited and most widely used fuel in various sectors, including manufacturing industries, power production, automobiles and…
Abstract
Purpose
Diesel has traditionally been considered the best-suited and most widely used fuel in various sectors, including manufacturing industries, power production, automobiles and transportation. However, with the ongoing crisis of fossil fuel inadequacy, the search for alternative fuels and their application in these sectors has become increasingly important. One particularly interesting and beneficial alternative fuel is biodiesel derived from bio sources.
Design/methodology/approach
In this research, an attempt was made to use biodiesel in an unconventional micro gas turbine engine. It will remove the concentric use of diesel engines for power production by improving fuel efficiency as well as increasing the power production rate. Before the fuel is used enormously, it has to be checked in many ways such as performance, emission and combustion analysis experimentally.
Findings
In this paper, a detailed experimental study was made for the use of Spirulina microalgae biodiesel in a micro gas turbine. A small-scale setup with the primary micro gas turbine and secondary instruments such as a data acquisition system and AVL gas analyser. The reason for selecting the third-generation microalgae is due to its high lipid and biodiesel production rate. For the conduction of experimental tests, certain conditions were followed in addition that the engine rotating rpm was varied from 4,000, 5,000 and 6,000 rpm. The favourable and predicted results were obtained with the use of microalgae biodiesel.
Originality/value
The performance and combustion results were not exactly equal or greater for biodiesel blends but close to the values of pure diesel; however, the reduction in the emission of CO was at the appreciable level for the used spirulina microalgae biodiesel. The emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide was a little higher than the use of pure diesel. This experimental analysis results proved that the use of spirulina microalgae biodiesel is both economical and effective replacement for fossil fuel.
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Selcuk Emiroglu, Akif Akgül, Yusuf Adıyaman, Talha Enes Gümüş, Yılmaz Uyaroglu and Mehmet Ali Yalçın
The purpose of this paper is to develop new four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system by adding another state variable and linear controller to three-dimensional T chaotic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop new four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system by adding another state variable and linear controller to three-dimensional T chaotic dynamical systems. Its dynamical analyses, circuit experiment, control and synchronization applications are presented.
Design/methodology/approach
A new 4D hyperchaotic attractor is achieved through a simulation, circuit experiment and mathematical analysis by obtaining the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, equilibrium, bifurcation, Poincaré maps and power spectrum. Moreover, hardware experimental measurements are performed and obtained results well validate the numerical simulations. Also, the passive control method is presented to make the new 4D hyperchaotic system stable at the zero equilibrium and synchronize the two identical new 4D hyperchaotic system with different initial conditions.
Findings
The passive controllers can stabilize the new 4D chaotic system around equilibrium point and provide the synchronization of new 4D chaotic systems with different initial conditions. The findings from Matlab simulations, circuit design simulations in computer and physical circuit experiment are consistent with each other in terms of comparison.
Originality/value
The 4D hyperchaotic system is presented, and dynamical analysis and numerical simulation of the new hyperchaotic system were firstly carried out. The circuit of new 4D hyperchaotic system is realized, and control and synchronization applications are performed.
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Karthikeyan Somaskandan, Savarimuthu Arulandu and Satyanarayana Parayitam
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual learning, organizational learning and employee commitment in the context of health-care industry.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual learning, organizational learning and employee commitment in the context of health-care industry.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey instrument was distributed, and data was collected from 346 employees in the health-care industry in the Southern part of India. Hayes’s PROCESS macros were used to test the mediation, moderated moderated-mediation hypotheses.
Findings
The results reveal organizational learning as a mediator in the relationship between individual learning and continuance commitment, normative commitment and affective commitment moderate the relationship between organizational learning and continuance commitment and three-way interaction between organizational learning, normative commitment and affective commitment to influence continuance commitment of employees.
Research limitations/implications
As with any survey-based research, the present study suffers from the problems associated with self-report measures: common method bias and social desirability bias. However, the authors attempted to minimize these limitations by following appropriate statistical techniques.
Practical implications
The study suggests that managers in work organizations need to promote a climate for enhancing learning so that employees remain committed to completing their job and contribute to organizational effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of all three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, normative and continuance.
Originality/value
This study provides new insights in understanding complex interactions between three dimensions of commitment in contributing to organizational performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the multilayered model showing three-way interactions between three dimensions of organizational commitment is the first of its kind and is a novel idea.
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Parthasarathi N., Satyanarayanan K.S., Prakash M. and Thamilarasu V.
Progressive collapse because of high temperatures arising from an explosion, vehicle impact or fire is an important issue for structural failure in high-rise buildings.
Abstract
Purpose
Progressive collapse because of high temperatures arising from an explosion, vehicle impact or fire is an important issue for structural failure in high-rise buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study, using ABAQUS software for the analysis, investigated the progressive collapse of a two-dimensional, three-bay, four-storey steel frame structure from high-temperature stresses.
Findings
After structure reaches the temperature results like displacement, stress axial load and shear force are discussed.
Research limitations/implications
Different temperatures were applied to the columns at different heights of a structure framed with various materials. Progressive collapse load combinations were also applied as per general service administration guidelines.
Originality/value
This study covered both steady-state and transient-state conditions of a multistorey-frame building subjected to a rise in temperature in the corner columns and intermediate columns. The columns in the framed structure were subjected to high temperatures at different heights, and the resulting displacements, stresses and axial loads were obtained, analysed and discussed.
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Nithya Subramani, Sangeetha M., Vijayaraja Kengaiah and Sai Prakash
The purpose of this paper is to find the droplets impact on the airplane wing structure. Two kinds of characteristics of the droplet at different velocity and viscosity are…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find the droplets impact on the airplane wing structure. Two kinds of characteristics of the droplet at different velocity and viscosity are assumed. The droplet is assumed to be spherical cubic form and it is injected from the convergent divergent nozzle with a passive control.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of droplet impact on the horizontal surface. The effects of impact parameters are studied. The splash effect of the droplet also visualized. The results are presented in form of stress, strain, displacement magnitude of the droplet.
Findings
Crosswire is used as passive control. The behavior of the droplet impact is observed based on the kinetic energy and the gravitational forces.
Originality/value
The results predict that smooth particle hydrodynamic designed droplet not only depend on the equation of state of the droplet but also the injection velocity from the nozzle. It also determined that droplet velocity is depending on the viscosity of the fluid.