W.D. Gunter, Stefan Bachu, Maja Buschkuehle, Karsten Michael, Guillermo Ordorica‐Garcia and Tyler Hauck
The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize a geological storage site at more than 800 m depth that is capable of storing large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize a geological storage site at more than 800 m depth that is capable of storing large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Alberta Basin and is close to a large CO2 supply.
Design/methodology/approach
Five criteria are used to select the site: total volume of the pore space of the formation for CO2 (i.e. capacity); accessibility of the pore space in the storage site to CO2 (i.e. permeability or injectivity); ability of the storage site to retain the CO2 once the CO2 has been injected (i.e. containment); protection of other resources from contamination; and cost of the whole process: capture of the CO2, transport and storage (i.e. economics).
Findings
The Heartland Redwater Leduc Reef is identified as a site that has large capacity, good injectivity, and is an excellent trap. Contamination of the oil in the oil reservoir at the top of the reef (the third largest oil reservoir in Canada) is avoided by co‐optimizing CO2 storage and oil production.
Practical implications
The Heartland Redwater Leduc Reef is ideally located at relatively shallow depth (1,000‐1,200 m), has a large amount of residual oil and is close to large CO2 sources which make it one of the most economically attractive sites in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.
Originality/value
The Heartland Redwater Leduc Reef Saline Aquifer CO2 Capture and Geological Storage Project (HARP) is investigating the technical and economic feasibility of injecting significant volumes of CO2 into the large water‐saturated portion of a huge Devonian reef that is capped by a comparatively small oil reservoir, nevertheless the third largest oil pool in Canada. The reef has a total areal extent of nearly 600 km3, is more than 1,000 m deep and is up to 275 m thick. Based on the high‐water injectivity in the reef, the potential exists to inject sustainably in excess of 1,000 tonnes of CO2 per day per well in the aquifer portion of the reef. Preliminary storage capacity estimates for the aquifer are in the order of one gigatonne of CO2. The Heartland Redwater Leduc Reef has the combination of a large oil reservoir sitting on top of a much larger local aquifer. This is a unique site for storage in Canada and could be a model for the rest of the world for carbon dioxide capture and storage.
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Matthias Kipping and Gerarda Westerhuis
Purpose – The broader aim of the research is to better understand the origins of firm heterogeneity in terms of strategy and structure, looking beyond convergence pressures…
Abstract
Purpose – The broader aim of the research is to better understand the origins of firm heterogeneity in terms of strategy and structure, looking beyond convergence pressures resulting from economic and institutional forces.
Design/methodology/approach – To identify firm-specific differences, the paper uses an in-depth analysis of two matched cases, comparing the introduction of diversification strategies and decentralized organizational structures in two Dutch banks. Based on detailed archival research it tries to understand how different outcomes were shaped by political processes involving a variety of internal and external actors.
Findings – The research shows the importance of these processes and, in particular, the role of management succession as a trigger for organizational changes as well as the potential power of management consultants based on a combination of their own “political” skills and the opportunity provided by internal divisions. Moreover, the study confirms the view that organizational change requires a change in dominant ideology.
Research limitations/implications – The research was able to go beyond the limitations of extant studies based on cross-sectional data or single cases. It demonstrates the usefulness of historical analysis when examining changes in strategy and structure. Its results need to be confirmed by conducting similar studies in different contexts.
Originality/value – The paper provides new insights into the complex and dynamic processes of organizational change and shows how external consultants – within a specific set of circumstances – were able to manage these processes. The results are valuable to scholars studying organizational change and those looking at consultants and their role. They might also provide insights for practicing managers working or planning to work with consultants.
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Andreas Ziegltrum, Stefan Emrich, Thomas Lohner, Klaus Michaelis, Alexander Brodyanski, Rolf Merz, Michael Kopnarski, Bernd-Robert Hoehn and Karsten Stahl
This paper aims to address the influence of tribofilms and running-in on failures and friction of gears. The operation regime of gears is increasingly shifted to mixed and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to address the influence of tribofilms and running-in on failures and friction of gears. The operation regime of gears is increasingly shifted to mixed and boundary lubrication, where high local pressures and temperatures occur at solid interactions in the gear contact. This results in strong tribofilm formation due to interactions of lubricant and its additives with the gear flanks and is related to changes of surface topography especially pronounced during running-in.
Design/methodology/approach
Experiments at a twin-disk and gear test rig were combined with chemical, structural and mechanical tribofilm characterization by surface analysis. Pitting lifetime, scuffing load carrying capacity and friction of ground spur gears were investigated for a mineral oil with different additives.
Findings
Experimental investigations showed a superordinate influence of tribofilms over surface roughness changes on damage and friction behavior of gears. Surface analysis of tribofilms provides explanatory approaches for friction behavior and load carrying capacity. A recommendation for the running-in of spur gears was derived.
Originality/value
Experimental methods and modern surface analysis were combined to study the influence of running-in and tribofilms on different failures and friction of spur gears.
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Mark J. Nigrini and William Karstens
This paper develops a vector variation score that quantifies the change in an array of data points from period-to-period. The array could be the amounts reported on an income tax…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper develops a vector variation score that quantifies the change in an array of data points from period-to-period. The array could be the amounts reported on an income tax return, the closing stock prices for a set of listed companies, the monthly sales amounts for retail locations or the monthly balances in general ledger accounts.
Design/methodology/approach
The score is grounded in analytic geometry. The angle θ measures whether the changes were uniformly spread across the line items. The item(s) with the largest contribution(s) to the score can be identified. Line items can be weighted such that they contribute less than fully to the score.
Findings
The method can identify tax returns with large year-on-year changes. The method can identify the fact that the price movements during earnings season are less dependent than is usually the case. The method can identify anomalies in reported sales amounts. The method should be able to identify ledger accounts’ large abnormal changes.
Research limitations/implications
Auditors will need to be trained to interpret the results and to reduce the number of false positives.
Practical implications
The score could be used in both external and internal audit applications where auditors want to quantify and rank period-on-period changes in a search for outliers.
Originality/value
The change score is normalized to the [0, 1] range. The results can be plotted as a polar plot for display on an auditing dashboard. The contribution of a single line item can be calculated and line items can be weighted to prevent them from having an undue influence on the results.
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Xiao He, Lijuan Huang, Meizhen Xiao, Chengyong Yu, En Li and Weiheng Shao
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the new technical demands and reliability challenges to printed circuit board (PCB) designs, materials and processes when the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the new technical demands and reliability challenges to printed circuit board (PCB) designs, materials and processes when the transmission frequency increases from Sub-6 GHz in previous generations to millimeter (mm) wave in fifth-generation (5G) communication technology.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach involves theoretical analysis and actual case study by various characterization techniques, such as a stereo microscope, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, focused ion beam, high-frequency structure simulator, stripline resonator and mechanical test.
Findings
To meet PCB signal integrity demands in mm-wave frequency bands, the improving proposals on copper profile, resin system, reinforcement fabric, filler, electromagnetic interference-reducing design, transmission line as well as via layout, surface treatment, drilling, desmear, laminating and electroplating were discussed. And the failure causes and effects of typical reliability issues, including complex permittivity fluctuation at different frequencies or environments, weakening of peel strength, conductive anodic filament, crack on microvias, the effect of solder joint void on signal transmission performance and soldering anomalies at ball grid array location on high-speed PCBs, were demonstrated.
Originality/value
The PCB reliability problem is the leading factor to cause failures of PCB assemblies concluded from statistical results on the failure cases sent to our laboratory. The PCB reliability level is very essential to guarantee the reliability of the entire equipment. In this paper, the summarized technical demands and reliability issues that are rarely reported in existing articles were discussed systematically with new perspectives, which will be very critical to identify potential reliability risks for PCB in 5G mm-wave applications and implement targeted improvements.
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Enrico Karsten Hadde, Timothy Michael Nicholson and Julie Ann Yvette Cichero
The purpose of this paper was to examine the rheological characterisation of thickened water under different temperature and pH conditions and thickened milk with different fat…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to examine the rheological characterisation of thickened water under different temperature and pH conditions and thickened milk with different fat contents.
Design/methodology/approach
Beverages thickened with powdered thickeners are used in the medical management of individuals who suffer swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). Each individual requires a specific level of thickness to best meet the needs of their dysphagia. Although the level of thickness is defined, obtaining the correct consistency of thickened fluids is difficult. This is due to fluctuations associated with temperature and type of fluids to be thickened. Rheological characterisation of commercially available xanthan gum-based thickener was performed under different conditions of temperature, pH and fat contents.
Findings
The viscosity and the yield stress of thickened water was found to be unaffected by pH. Similarly, temperature did not affect the viscosity at a high thickener concentration, although it did at lower concentration levels. Conversely, viscosity and yield stress increased as fat levels increased in thickened milk. Furthermore, thickened water took less than 2 minutes to reach equilibrium viscosity, while thickened milk required approximately 15 minutes to reach equilibrium viscosity.
Practical implications
These findings have implications for the standing time required for different beverages before they are thickened to a consistency that has been deemed safe for the patient’s physiological needs. Additionally, it highlights that different liquid base substances required different amounts of thickener to achieve the same level of thickness.
Originality/value
Findings from this study confirms and explores the variability of thickened fluids under different conditions of temperature, pH and fat content for the medical management of dysphagia.
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Victor J. Hanby and Michael P. Jackson
The growing awareness in the past few years of the increasingly acute nature of unemployment levels throughout industrial society has been reflected in the adoption by a variety…
Abstract
The growing awareness in the past few years of the increasingly acute nature of unemployment levels throughout industrial society has been reflected in the adoption by a variety of countries of a number of special work creation schemes for social groups experiencing particular difficulties in finding and sustaining employment. While cynical commentators in individual countries have dismissed in varying degrees such programmes as being essentially synonymous with the special employment measures of the Great Depression, there seems little obvious justification or merit in identifying, for example, Job Creation in Britain with the former Public Works Programme; the Neighbourhood Youth Corps, Emergency Employment Act and the more recent Comprehensive Employment and Training Act in the US with the New Deal Public Relief Acts or the “ArbeitsBeschaffungsMassnahmen” in Germany with the ReichsArbeitDienst. While the new schemes may at their weakest moments reflect a superficial similarity with aspects of such older programmes, there is little doubt that, in the main, job creation measures of whatever type, which have been introduced since the early 1970s, differ in scope, orientation and intention from their traditional public works predecessors. Such an interpretation seems not only to be supported by the fact that countries which introduced such schemes some years ago, are continually updating, revising and refining the structure and conditions of their programme and evaluating their performance in meeting the needs of the client groups but that such early experiences and their subsequent restructurings constitute examples of particular manpower policy initiatives which continue to be followed as operating models for countries newly embarking on programmes of a similar type.
To examine the trend of “witness tours” that travel to the North American Arctic to experience, document, and then advocate on behalf of environmental issues in the North. These…
Abstract
To examine the trend of “witness tours” that travel to the North American Arctic to experience, document, and then advocate on behalf of environmental issues in the North. These tours are presented as part of a colonial legacy that has long witnessed the North as a space of potential investment from the South. Especially in their reliance upon suffering as a narrative practice to justify their experience, these tours repeat patterns that reduce the agency of Northern communities and peoples to address changes they are facing. The chapter also provides best practices for such excursions and compares their approach to Northern-based expeditions that also advocate for environmental conservation and protection.
In the first part of the chapter, the history of colonialism and exploration sets the foundation for understanding the recent trend in witness tours. These tours are then examined through a discourse analysis of their narratives to highlight their connection with colonial approaches to the North. The final section of the chapter presents three necessary steps to reduce the reliance upon colonial legacies for these tours.
The witness tours examined are heavily dependent upon using their resilience of the travels to travel through harsh landscapes to make their case for caring about these landscapes. Far from being an innocent narrative strategy, this reliance upon suffering provides a level of elitism to these narratives at the same time as it reproduces colonial patterns. The chapter suggests three steps to avoid these problems: (1) Recognize the stories of people who live in the North; (2) Do not present the Arctic as a timeless wilderness landscape; and (3) Understand our limited perspective on the North as outsiders.
The chapter suggests that witness tours need to be understood within the context of a history of colonial exploration in the Arctic as well as the agency of Northern peoples to address both environmental change and colonialism.
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Rómulo Pinheiro, Lars Geschwind, Francisco O. Ramirez and Karsten Vrangbæk
Following the spirit of an earlier volume in the series focusing on ‘Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research’, the mandate of the current volume is to provide a…
Abstract
Following the spirit of an earlier volume in the series focusing on ‘Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research’, the mandate of the current volume is to provide a comparative account of dynamics across two organizational fields – health care and higher education – and, subsequently, two specific types of organizational forms – hospitals and universities. In so doing, we take a broader perspective encompassing various conceptual and theoretical points of departure emanating from, mostly, the institutional literature in the social sciences (and its various perspectives), but also from public policy and administration literatures – of relevance to scholars and the communities of practice working within either field. In this introductory paper to the volume, we provide a brief overview of developments across the two organizational fields and illuminate on the most important scholarly traditions underpinning the study of both system dynamics as a whole as well as universities and hospitals as organizations and institutions. We conclude by reflecting on the implication of the volume’s key findings in regards to comparative research within organizational studies.