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Article
Publication date: 12 July 2022

Karol Król and Dariusz Zdonek

Rural tourism facilities in Poland were very keen on amateur websites to promote their hospitality services from 2000 to 2018. In most cases, the websites were nonprofessional…

249

Abstract

Purpose

Rural tourism facilities in Poland were very keen on amateur websites to promote their hospitality services from 2000 to 2018. In most cases, the websites were nonprofessional, hosted on free servers and made by family members or friends of the holding. After search engine algorithms changed in 2015–2019, the websites started to go extinct on a large scale; they were deleted and often replaced with a more modern design and a commercial domain. These resources offered a rare opportunity to gain insight into rural tourism, rural changes and socioeconomic and cultural phenomena.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper’s objective is to demonstrate with an analysis of archived Polish rural tourism websites that digital cultural artefacts are generated in rural areas. The study was an analysis of selected development attributes of rural tourism websites found in the Internet Archive. The analysis involved those attributes that are important for determining whether a website or content can be considered digital cultural heritage assets.

Findings

The conclusions demonstrate that rural digital cultural heritage is a set of digital artefacts created in rural areas with their characteristics. Rural digital artefacts are records of ICT, infrastructure, environmental, cultural and socioeconomic changes.

Originality/value

The “digital assets” of rural areas are yet to be discussed in the context of rural cultural heritage, as a set of artefacts created in these areas and characteristic of them.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. 73 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

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Article
Publication date: 18 June 2021

Karol Król and Dariusz Zdonek

The range of official business that can be handled online has grown in the recent decade. In many cases, e-services are a must. At the same time, the economic impact and social…

413

Abstract

Purpose

The range of official business that can be handled online has grown in the recent decade. In many cases, e-services are a must. At the same time, the economic impact and social importance of mobile technology have increased. Mobile devices are becoming more and more popular, and their applications diversify. It comes as no surprise that mobile users expect e-services and official information to be available through this channel. The purpose of this paper is to identify problems (difficulties) occurring when browsing websites of local government units (LGU) on mobile devices.

Design/methodology/approach

The comfort of website browsing depends mostly on the development technique, and the way content is published. Responsive websites are much easier to view on mobile devices than “static” ones. The study involves 400 websites of LGU in Poland. The websites were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analyses with selected techniques and computer tools.

Findings

The set of 400 websites contained 119 (29.75%) that were not responsive. It exhibited a substantial potential for the optimisation of websites for mobile devices. The study revealed the most common usability failures such as distorted images, “scattered icons”, partial responsiveness and bothersome messages in pop-ups.

Originality/value

The research identified the most widespread problems with the tested websites. The study yielded recommendations for local governments, which may be useful when managing content, upgrading the website or replacing it with a new one.

Details

Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, vol. 23 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-5038

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Article
Publication date: 25 December 2020

Karol Król

At the turn of 2018 and 2019, a certain era in the history of Polish Internet came to an end. Most of the websites of rural tourism facilities hosted on free servers no longer…

434

Abstract

Purpose

At the turn of 2018 and 2019, a certain era in the history of Polish Internet came to an end. Most of the websites of rural tourism facilities hosted on free servers no longer exist; however, the very phenomenon has significantly distinguished itself in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland. The paper presents archaic websites or rural tourism facilities in Poland as digital cultural heritage assets. Its purpose is to propose attributes potentially indicative of content or phenomenon being part of digital cultural heritage.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 211 websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland, hosted on free servers, were analysed. The study investigated digital artefacts, i.e. only the websites that no longer exist but whose archival copies are found at the Internet Archive (IA).

Findings

The structure of most websites of rural tourism facilities was based on tables. None of the websites were responsive. The graphics of 132 websites (65%) were never changed, with the oldest recorded copies dating back to 2001 and the newest ones to 2018. On many websites, components that are relatively rarely found these days were noted, e.g. “marquee”-type “floating” objects or online surveys.

Originality/value

The phenomenon of using free-of-charge hosting services by rural tourism facilities in Poland in the years 2004–2012 is part of the history of Polish Internet and an example of digital cultural heritage. Archaic websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland are digital artefacts but not all of them have cultural values. In total, three groups of attributes are proposed that can be important for determining whether a website, content or phenomenon can be considered digital cultural heritage assets.

Details

Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1266

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Article
Publication date: 28 August 2019

Karol Król

Until recently, a large number of owners of small agritourism farms in Poland, for promotional purposes, used the (“abandoned”) websites made in an amateur manner at the lowest…

404

Abstract

Purpose

Until recently, a large number of owners of small agritourism farms in Poland, for promotional purposes, used the (“abandoned”) websites made in an amateur manner at the lowest possible cost. The main purpose of this study is to characterize these websites. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of these sites.

Design/methodology/approach

Two sets of websites were studied: the set of archaic sites (n = 282) and the set of modern sites (n = 282). The study consisted in the evaluation of selected attributes of the website development technology. The obtained results were normalized using the method of zero unitarization. Subsequently, the value of the aggregate variable was determined, which made it possible to describe each website with one synthetic quality index (SQI).

Findings

“Abandoned websites” do not perform marketing and sales functions. Owing to the frequent lack of content, they also lack an informative function. These websites have documentary value, as well as a historical function.

Originality/value

The paper presents the assessment of websites using one of the unification methods and the SQI. It has been shown that websites, in addition to having typical functions such as information, marketing or contact, may also have a historical function.

研究目的

直至近来, 荷兰一些小型农业旅游私营主们为了推广目的, 使用(”被废弃”)的网站, 这些网站使用低价格采用业余的技术制作而成。本论文的研究旨在归纳这些网站的特性。为了达到这个研究目的, 本论文对这些网站的质量做了评估。

研究设计/方法/途径:两套网站为研究样本

套古老网站(n = 282)和一套现代网站(n = 282).本论文评估了网站发展技术的特性。此外, 本论文还决定了其统一特性价值, 使得归纳出一套形容每个网站的合成质量索引(SQI)。

研究结果

”被废弃的网站”并不能达到营销和销售的作用。由于这些网站往往缺乏内容, 所以这些网站不具备展示信息的功能。这些网站有记录价值以及历史功效。

研究原创性/价值

本论文使用统一方法和SQI来评估网站。研究结果表明网站除了特有效用, 比如信息性、营销性、或者联系, 可能还有历史功效。

关键词

历史功, 被遗忘的互联网, 被废弃的网站, 推广农业旅游, 农业旅游网站

Details

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9880

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 22 October 2019

Karol Król and Dariusz Zdonek

Almost two decades after diagnosing the link rot phenomenon, and in spite of the universal character of the bit rot phenomenon, the need for reminding about these is still valid…

422

Abstract

Purpose

Almost two decades after diagnosing the link rot phenomenon, and in spite of the universal character of the bit rot phenomenon, the need for reminding about these is still valid. This is because it appears that digital device users have become accustomed to them. The bit rot and link rot phenomena describe the inability to access specific contents or the inability to use specific digital resources. This paper aims to answer the question as to whether it is possible to eliminate the link rot and bit rot phenomena from the internet space.

Design/methodology/approach

The link rot and bit rot phenomena were characterised based on a review of various source materials, including the academic literature and internet materials.

Findings

The phenomena known as bit rot and link rot have already been well researched and described. Research has revealed the reasons for their occurrence, and also offered recommendations on how to minimise their occurrence. In the current digital ecosystem, however, it is not possible to completely eliminate the link rot and bit rot phenomena.

Research limitations/implications

One can forecast that the link rot phenomenon will intensify and the internet resources will be even more unstable, because more and more new, highest-level domains which are purchased are emerging.

Originality/value

The study compares the phenomena of bit rot and link rot, even though they are usually considered separately. Moreover, it presents the terms of “digital bumps”, which cause “digital tsunami”.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. 69 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 23 November 2020

Karol Król and Dariusz Zdonek

Activities on social platforms affect the audience. They may impact brand perception, purchasing decisions or motivation to act. Motivation makes people behave in certain ways…

2965

Abstract

Purpose

Activities on social platforms affect the audience. They may impact brand perception, purchasing decisions or motivation to act. Motivation makes people behave in certain ways. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the use of social media and its impact on intrinsic motivation, with a focus on Generation Z users (born between 1994 and 2002).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted multifaceted survey research among full-time and part-time students of one of the largest universities in Poland. The survey was carried out on students of three major fields of study. The analysis involved 427 questionnaires. The data was analysed both with unidimensional and two-dimensional statistical analysis.

Findings

Although the respondents indicated some “motivational aspects” of social media usage, most of them were characterised by a passive attitude and infrequent activity on such websites. Not many of the respondents published actively. The respondents expected valuable content but were not inclined to disseminate it.

Originality/value

Publishing of own content and ability to view others’ content in social media may not be enough to increase the user base of a social platform. One way to do this may be narrowing down or diversification of the array of additional services and functionalities that induce users to increase the use rate.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. 70 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

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