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Case study
Publication date: 1 January 2011

Mohammad Kamran Mumtaz and Shahid Raza Mir

Operations management, purchasing and procurement management, inventory management and supply chain.

Abstract

Subject area

Operations management, purchasing and procurement management, inventory management and supply chain.

Student level/applicability

Introductory courses in Operations Management; MBA level and final year undergraduates in management. Masters level in purchasing/procurement management, inventory management and supply chain management.

Case overview

The case deals with strategic purchase decision of a basic raw material used in ketchups. Ketchups represent 15 per cent of annual sales at National Foods. Mohammad Iqbal, Head of Supply Chain at National Foods, is confronted with the decision of buying tomato paste for fiscal year 2007-2008. He needs to decide how much paste to order from National Foods' supplier in China and when. He has the demand forecast for the paste for 2008 available to help him make the decision.

Expected learning outcomes

The case will introduce the students to issues in strategic buying of a basic raw material that is crucial to production. The case is not designed to teach just the basic concept of trade-off between inventory holding and stock out cost. The students should bring these basic concepts of operations with them to understand how these concepts are combined with knowledge of other disciplines to tackle a complex raw material planning issue. Students learn how to plan for the purchase of a perishable yet important raw material for an organization.

Supplementary materials

Teaching note.

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

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Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Kamran Mumtaz and Neil Hopkinson

Obtaining the required part top surface roughness and side roughness is critical in some applications. Each of these part properties can often be improved to the detriment of the…

6622

Abstract

Purpose

Obtaining the required part top surface roughness and side roughness is critical in some applications. Each of these part properties can often be improved to the detriment of the other during selective laser melting (SLM). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the selective laser melting of Inconel 625 using an Nd:YAG pulsed laser to produce thin wall parts with an emphasis on attaining parts with minimum top surface and side surface roughness.

Design/methodology/approach

A full factorial approach was used to vary process parameters and identify a usable Inconel 625 processing region. The effects laser process parameters had on the formation of part surface roughness for multi‐layer parts were examined. Processing parameters that specifically affected top surface and side roughness were identified.

Findings

Higher peak powers tended to reduce top surface roughness and reduce side roughness as recoil pressures flatten out the melt pool and reduce balling formation by increasing wettability of the melt. Increased repetition rate and reduced scan speed reduced top surface roughness but increased side roughness. A compromise between attaining a relatively low surface roughness and side roughness can be attained by comparing part surface roughness values and understanding the factors that affect them. A sample with 9 μm top surface roughness and 10 μm side roughness was produced.

Originality/value

The research is the first of its kind directly processing Inconel 625 using SLM and investigating processing parameters that affect top surface and side roughness simultaneously. It is a useful aid in unveiling a relationship between process parameters and top/side roughness of thin walled parts.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 15 June 2010

Kamran Mumtaz and Neil Hopkinson

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the selective laser melting (SLM) of Inconel 625 using pulse shape control to vary the energy distribution within a single laser pulse…

2952

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the selective laser melting (SLM) of Inconel 625 using pulse shape control to vary the energy distribution within a single laser pulse. It aims to discuss the effectiveness of pulse shaping, including potential benefits for use within SLM.

Design/methodology/approach

Laser parameters were varied in order to identify optimal parameters that produced thin wall parts with a low surface roughness without the use of pulse shape control. Pulse shape control was then employed to provide gradual heating or a prolonged cooling effect with a variety of peak power/pulse energy combinations. Properties of pulse shaped and nonpulse shaped parts were compared, with particular attention focused on part surface roughness and width.

Findings

High peak powers tended to reduce top surface roughness and reduce side roughness as recoil pressures flatten out the melt pool and inhibit melt pool instabilities from developing. Ramp up energy distribution can reduce the maximum peak power required to melt material and reduce material spatter generation during processing due to a localized preheating effect. Ramp down energy distribution prolonged melt pool solidification allowing more time for molten material to redistribute, subsequently reducing the top surface roughness of parts. However, larger melt pools and longer solidification times increased the side roughness of parts due to a possible lateral expulsion of material from the melt pool.

Originality/value

This paper is the first of its kind to employ laser pulse shape control during SLM to process material from powder bed. It is a useful aid in unveiling relationships between laser energy distribution and the formation of parts.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 30 July 2024

Muhammad Nauman Zahid, Muhammad Kamran, Michał Szostak and Tahir Mumtaz Awan

The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of telepresence, social presence and consumer involvement on intention to purchase, with an intervening impact of three dimensions…

161

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of telepresence, social presence and consumer involvement on intention to purchase, with an intervening impact of three dimensions of consumer brand engagement (cognitive processing, affection processing and activation).

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed a surveying technique and an adopted questionnaire was used to collect data from 426 shoppers of apparels. The model was tested using Smart PLS and it was found that there is a positive relationship between telepresence, social presence and consumer brand involvement with consumer brand engagement, which also mediates their relationship with intention to purchase.

Findings

This study offers analytical evidence for telepresence, social presence and involvement of customers and advances the literature of brand engagement. Marketers can benefit from this study and design their future campaigns to enhance the involvement of customers by utilizing the outcomes of this study.

Originality/value

This study offers analytical evidence for telepresence, social presence and involvement of customers and advances the literature of brand engagement. Marketers can benefit from this study and design their future campaigns to enhance the involvement of customers by utilizing the outcomes of this study.

Details

foresight, vol. 26 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6689

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Article
Publication date: 8 November 2024

Sadaf Nisar, Mumtaz Anwar Chaudhry, Asma Awan, Faisal Faisal and Sami Ur Rahman

This paper examines and compares the role of social protection to promote inclusive growth in two countries (once related), Pakistan and Bangladesh, from 1984 to 2020, using…

21

Abstract

Purpose

This paper examines and compares the role of social protection to promote inclusive growth in two countries (once related), Pakistan and Bangladesh, from 1984 to 2020, using annual time series data.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used principal component analysis to develop the index of social protection, inclusive growth and macroeconomic stability. It also employed co-integration with impulse response function and fully modified ordinary least squares test for long-run cointegration.

Findings

The key results highlighted that social protection positively promotes inclusive growth in both countries. However, Bangladesh attains a high position in achieving inclusive growth through the mechanism of welfare programs. Findings show that institutional quality, macroeconomic stability and globalization are the positive and significant drivers of inclusive growth in both countries. It also confirms that macroeconomic stability and globalization are contributing more to achieving inclusive growth in Bangladesh as compared to Pakistan.

Practical implications

Institutions and macroeconomic stability in both countries are critical toward providing a transparent system of welfare schemes to achieve inclusive growth. Shocks to social protection schemes in Pakistan are inconsistent for achieving inclusive growth as compared to Bangladesh.

Originality/value

The study extends the empirical measurement of social protection and inclusive growth while using protracted dimensions and indicators. It further examines and compares the dynamics of social protection programs for inclusive growth in two countries once related. For further originality and reliability, this study checks the robustness of long-run estimates by disaggregating the institutional quality and globalization into their key dimensions.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2023-0548

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 15 March 2022

Maria Javed and Tahir Mumtaz Awan

This study explored the role of market mavens for young tourists and existential authenticity for young tourist co-creation experience. It determines intentions to revisit and…

967

Abstract

Purpose

This study explored the role of market mavens for young tourists and existential authenticity for young tourist co-creation experience. It determines intentions to revisit and intentions to recommend tourism service providers. The theoretical foundation of this study is based upon the macro-micro theory approach of service-dominant (S-D) logic and customer engagement, which explains the idea of tourist co-creation interactivity and value creation between the service provider and tourist.

Design/methodology/approach

The positivist deductive approach, survey-based methodology was followed for this study. Data was collected from 349 young tourists who have traveled and contributed to travel services through collaboration and interaction with the service provider. The data were analyzed in SmartPLS, and structured equation modeling technique was used for hypothesis testing.

Findings

It was found that market mavens have a positive impact on young tourist's co-creation process, hence depicting intention to revisit and recommend the tourism service provider. Existential authenticity was also found having positive impact on tourist co-creation and intention to revisit and recommend the service provider. The results show that young tourists plan domestic trips in Pakistan and co-create with service providers.

Research limitations/implications

This study theoretically and practically contributed in the literature and enhanced the literature concerning mainly the young tourists co-creation. It has also enhanced the knowledge about intentions to revisit and recommend with special focus on market mavens. Also, existential authenticity of the tourist spots was keenly considered in the underlying research.

Originality/value

This study highlights value-creation phenomenon in tourism for younger tourists. Their input is important in the form of creativity and innovation and by incorporating these young tourists in decision-making process. They ensure their ability to participate and design, resulting in loyalty towards service provider.

Details

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9792

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Article
Publication date: 15 October 2024

Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Khaled Abd El-Aziz, M. Sana Ullah Sahar, Mumtaz Ahmed Qaisrani and Hafiz Tauqeer Ali

The study highlights our findings, including the confirmation of phase stability through XRD analysis, the characterization of optical properties revealing high absorption and…

30

Abstract

Purpose

The study highlights our findings, including the confirmation of phase stability through XRD analysis, the characterization of optical properties revealing high absorption and conductivity and the analysis of mechanical stability through elastic constants. Additionally, we present detailed results on the band gap, EELS analysis and the suitability of SrZrO3 perovskite oxides for next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Design/methodology/approach

Cubic SrZrO3 perovskite oxides were designed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) via the CASTEP code under varying stress conditions (0–100 GPa), aiming to explore the key properties for diverse applications. The phase stability was confirmed by XRD analysis. From 0 to 40 GPa, there is an increase in the band gap from 3.330 to 3.615 eV, while it narrows from 3.493 to 3.155 eV beyond 60 GPa. The optical characteristics revealed high absorption, superior conductivity and a lower loss function. Significantly, the elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) satisfy the Born-stability criterion, ensuring the mechanical stability of the compound. Additionally, the Poisson’s ratio, Pugh ratio (B/G), Frantsevich ratio, Cauchy pressure (PC) and anisotropy factor ensured both ductile and anisotropic characteristics. Higher values of Young’s modulus and shear modulus signify a superior ability to withstand longitudinal stresses. In the EELS analysis, distinctive energy-loss peaks resulting from absorption and emission correlated with diverse electronic transitions and energy levels associated with Sr, Zr and O atoms are used to probe the precise exploration of the electronic and optical characteristics of materials with a high degree of accuracy. Based on these findings, the designed SrZrO3 perovskite oxides are particularly suitable for applications in various optoelectronic devices.

Findings

CASTEP codes were utilized to design the cubic SrZrO3 perovskite under varying stress conditions ranging from 0 to 100 GPa. The phase stability was confirmed through XRD analysis. A distinctive trend in the band gap was observed: an increase from 3.330 eV to 3.615 eV as the stress increased from 0 to 40 GPa and a decrease from 3.493 to 3.155 above 60 GPa. A higher absorption and conductivity and a lower loss function were found for the optical properties. The mechanical stability was ensured by elastic constants (C11, C12, and C44) satisfying the Born-stability criteria. Additionally, the Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio (B/G), Frantsevich ratio, Cauchy pressure (PC) and anisotropy factor were used to verify the ductility and anisotropy of the materials. Higher values of Young’s modulus and shear modulus indicate a superior ability to withstand longitudinal stresses. EELS analysis revealed distinctive energy-loss peaks associated with Sr, Zr and O atoms, enabling precise exploration of the electronic and optical characteristics with a high degree of accuracy. As expected, the designed SrZrO3 perovskite oxides exhibit favorable properties, making them particularly suitable for next-generation optoelectronic devices.

Originality/value

In this study, we utilized DFT within the CASTEP code framework to investigate the properties of cubic SrZrO3 perovskite oxides under varying stress conditions ranging from 0 to 100 GPa. Our research aimed to explore the key properties of SrZrO3 for diverse applications, particularly in optoelectronic devices.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 20 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2021

Shimin Dai, Hailong Liao, Haihong Zhu and Xiaoyan Zeng

For the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology, the side surface quality is essentially important for industrial applicated parts, such as the inner flow parts. Contour is…

208

Abstract

Purpose

For the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology, the side surface quality is essentially important for industrial applicated parts, such as the inner flow parts. Contour is generally adopted at the parts’ outline to enhance the side surface quality. However, the side surface roughness (Ra) is still larger than 10 microns even with contour in previous studies. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of contour process parameters, laser power and scanning velocity on the side surface quality of the AlSi10Mg sample.

Design/methodology/approach

Using L-PBF technology to manufacture AlSi10Mg samples under different contour process parameters, use a laser confocal microscope to capture the surface information of the samples, and obtain the surface roughness Ra and the maximum surface height Rz of each sample after analysis and processing.

Findings

The results show that the side surface roughness decreases with the increase of the laser power at the fixed scanning velocity of 1,000 mm/s, the side surface roughness Ra stays within the error range as the contour velocity increases. It is found that the Ra increases with the scanning velocity increasing and the greater the laser power with the greater Ra increases when the laser power of contour process parameters is 300 W, 350 W and 400 W. The Rz maintain growth with the contour scanning velocity increasing at constant laser power. The continuous uniform contour covers the pores in the molten pool of the sample edge and thus increase the density of the sample. Two mechanisms named “Active adhesion” and “Passive adhesion” cause sticky powder.

Originality/value

Formation of a uniform and even contour track is key to obtain the good side surface quality. The side surface quality is determined by the uniformity and stability of the contour track when the layer thickness is fixed. These research results can provide helpful guidance to improve the surface quality of L-PBF manufactured parts.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 23 March 2022

Ali Khalaf Mohammed Alsukaini, Kalsoom Sumra, Ruqia Khan and Tahir Mumtaz Awan

This study relies on an integrated model to study the role of instant mobile messaging apps in the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping different forms of businesses; one…

1349

Abstract

Purpose

This study relies on an integrated model to study the role of instant mobile messaging apps in the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping different forms of businesses; one of them is digital marketing. Many aspects of digital marketing augmented in response to the consequences of the virus. A comparative study between Pakistan and Iraq is conducted to investigate the resistors of innovation with the mediation of intention toward actual system usage. It examines the behavioral intentions and actual behavior of individuals in response to the resistance toward innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 800 responses were collected through a convenient sampling method from individuals residing in Pakistan and Iraq in the first wave of COVID-19. The data was analyzed through covariance-based structural equation modeling; SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0 were used as efficient data analysis tools in the study.

Findings

The results inferred that individuals are faced with resistance to innovation when they adopt innovative technology. It was inferred that technology adoption is not poised through image both in Pakistan and Iraq. Intention toward actual behavior was determined to be a potential mediator, which enhances the stature of the integrated model.

Originality/value

The significance of this study considering practical and theoretical implications is incorporated for marketer’s policymakers and consumers, along with recommendations for future research.

Details

International Journal of Innovation Science, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-2223

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Article
Publication date: 30 May 1995

Colin Gilligan

Given the ways in which the research pressures on university staff are becoming seemingly ever greater, an issue of the European Journal of Marketing that is given over to a…

3435

Abstract

Given the ways in which the research pressures on university staff are becoming seemingly ever greater, an issue of the European Journal of Marketing that is given over to a survey of the kinds of research initiatives which are currently being carried out is timely. The study which provides the basis for this was conducted between December 1994 and February 1995, with questionnaires being sent to staff in universities throughout Europe. At the time the final selection was made, a total of 150 responses had been received from 18 countries.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 29 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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