In the fast-changing technological environment, electricity is the essence of the world economy and a significant means for all the modern world’s possessions. The ongoing…
Abstract
Purpose
In the fast-changing technological environment, electricity is the essence of the world economy and a significant means for all the modern world’s possessions. The ongoing economic downturn focuses on energy’s role in the economy. This study aims to explore the nexuses between per capita electricity usage and per capita state gross domestic product (SGDP) in Haryana, India.
Design/methodology/approach
The statistics from 1989 to 2015 have been analyzed using Johansen cointegration, vector autoregression and paired Granger-causality test.
Findings
The Granger causality test results show that a long-run association is absent. A short-run unidirectional relationship runs from per capita SGDP to per capita electricity usage.
Practical implications
As a policy suggestion, the policymakers may encourage energy conservation measures and renewable energy sources to lead the country’s sustainable energy supply. Moreover, Haryana can increase its influence in this sector and enter rapidly in the growing markets worldwide by stimulating the production and adoption of digital solutions for energy efficiency.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s awareness, this research is one of its nature regarding systematically analyzing electricity usage and economic growth relationship in Haryana.
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Kamaljit Singh and Simmi Vashishtha
The evidence on the causality of energy consumption and economic growth nexus is plentiful in energy economics studies. The empirical research results documented are dissimilar…
Abstract
Purpose
The evidence on the causality of energy consumption and economic growth nexus is plentiful in energy economics studies. The empirical research results documented are dissimilar because different methodologies, variables, time or data sources have been used. This study aims to examine and evaluate the existing literature to reveal the research inclinations, including future research directions. Therefore, from an application perspective, this study performed a bibliometric analysis that can serve as a basis for understanding research trend in relation to nexus of energy consumption and economic growth, its comprehensive research outcomes and the growing research inclination.
Design/methodology/approach
Using keyword search and delimiting criteria, 969 articles are selected for bibliometric analysis. Citation analysis, author keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-authorship and co-citation analysis are performed to assess the productive countries, authors, journals, articles, energy research trends, collaborating scholars and more frequently cited together articles.
Findings
Research results of the paper present a comprehensive research understanding of energy consumption and economic growth nexus studies. In terms of trending research topics, sustainable development, population density, urbanization, energy efficiency, energy intensity and carbon emission constitute a distinguished association that indicates the growth of these diverse fields’ study about energy.
Practical implications
As a policy implication and direction, the trade openness, natural gas/ resources, environmental kuznets curve, fossil-fuel consumption, agricultural land, financial development and foreign investments can be studied along with energy usage and economic growth nexus studies.
Social implications
The results provide valuable insight for the researchers selecting their potential disciplines for study, combining various techniques to deal with complex problems, identifying prospective co-authors and identifying the appropriate institutes for accompanying academic studies or collaborative research.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is one of its kind regarding investigating the trend of energy consumption and economic growth relationship-related research published from 2001 to 2020 on the Scopus database.
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Kamaljit Singh, Jasvinder Kaur and Simmi Vashishtha
The purpose of this study is to conduct a critical review of the operational and financial trends of Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited and Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to conduct a critical review of the operational and financial trends of Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited and Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited. Furthermore, the study aims to determine whether loss-making utilities would benefit from adopting the strategic model employed by Haryana.
Design/methodology/approach
Time series data from 2005–2006 to 2022–2023 is analysed using various significant accounting ratios and operational and financial performance parameters to assess the annual performance over the period.
Findings
The substantial operational and financial performance results of UHBVNL and DHBVNL indicate that from 2017 to 2018 onwards, the power discoms started performing well and are in an improving stage. These results create a strong profile for the utilities, suggesting that their model could be a viable solution for other loss-making power distribution companies.
Practical implications
As a policy recommendation, rather than privatizing the discoms, authorities should study the strategic model of profit-making states like Haryana and implement it in other states without any political interference.
Originality/value
The relevant research questions addressed are: What best practices have Haryana power discoms adopted to enhance financial performance and minimize losses? What lessons can other loss-making state-owned power discoms learn from Haryana? Can Haryana power discoms be a benchmarking model for public and private discoms operating at a loss?
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Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, Rupinder Singh and Kamaljit Singh Boparai
This paper aims to focus on the changes in thermal and surface characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material when exposed to chemical vapours for surface…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the changes in thermal and surface characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material when exposed to chemical vapours for surface finishing. The poor surface finish and the dimensional accuracy of the fused deposition modelling parts (of ABS material) because of the stair-stepping hinder their use for rapid tooling applications, which can be improved by vapour finishing process. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests are performed to investigate the thermal behaviour of ABS thermoplastic after vapour finishing.
Design/methodology/approach
The hip prosthesis replica has been used to highlight the efficacy of chemical finishing process for intricate and complex geometries. The replicas are treated with chemical vapours for different durations. The DSC tests are performed along with surface roughness, surface hardness and dimensional measurements of exposed replicas and compared with unexposed replica.
Findings
The longer finishing time, i.e. 20 s, manifested higher melting peak temperature, higher melting enthalpy and higher heat capacity along with smoother and harder surface as compared with unexposed replica. The finishing process enhanced the bonding strength and the heat-bearing capacity of ABS material. The vapour finishing process enhanced the thermal stability of the material which may extend its sustainability at higher temperatures.
Practical implications
The improved thermal stability of ABS thermoplastic after chemical vapour finishing has been demonstrated. This advancement allows the use of ABS in functional tooling suitable for small production runs with higher flexibility and lead time savings.
Originality/value
The heat effects associated with phase transitions as a function of temperature are studied in case of replicas finished with chemical vapours. The relationship between melting enthalpy and surface characteristics has been ascertained.
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Kamaljit Singh Boparai, Rupinder Singh and Harwinder Singh
The purpose of this study is to highlight the direct fabrication of rapid tooling (RT) with desired mechanical, tribological and thermal properties using fused deposition…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight the direct fabrication of rapid tooling (RT) with desired mechanical, tribological and thermal properties using fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. Further, the review paper demonstrated development procedure of alternative feedstock filament of low-cost composite material for FDM to extend the range of RT applications.
Design/methodology/approach
The alternative materials for FDM and their processing requirements for fabrication in filament form as reported by various researchers have been summarized. The literature demonstrates the role of various post-processing techniques on surface finish of FDM prints. Further, low-cost materials for feedstock filament have been investigated experimentally to check their adaptability/suitability for commercial FDM setup. The approach was to realize the requirements of FDM (melt flow rate, flexibility, stiffness, glass transition temperature and mechanical strength), necessary for the successful run of an alternative filament. The effect of constituents (additives, plasticizers, surfactants and fillers) in polymeric matrix on mechanical, tribological and thermal properties has been investigated.
Findings
It is possible to develop composite material feedstock as filament for commercial FDM setup without changing its hardware and software. Surface finish of the parts can further be improved by applying various post-processing techniques. Most of the composite parts have high mechanical strength, hardness, thermal stability, wear resistant and better bond formation than standard material parts.
Research limitations/implications
Future research may be focused on improving the surface quality of parts fabricated with composite feedstock, solving issues related to the uniform distribution of filled materials during the fabrication of feedstock filament which in turns further increases mechanical strength, high dimensional stability of composite filament and transferring the technology from laboratory scale to various industrial applications.
Practical implications
Potential applications of direct fabrication with RT includes rapid manufacturing (RM) of metal-filled parts and ceramic-filled parts (which have complex shape and cannot be rapidly made by any other manufacturing techniques) in the field of biomedical and dentistry.
Originality/value
This new manufacturing methodology is based on the proper selection and processing of various materials and additives to form high-performance, low-cost composite material feedstock filament (which fulfil the necessary requirements of FDM process). Finally, newly developed feedstock filament material has both quantitative and qualitative advantage in RT and RM applications as compared to standard material filament.
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Kamaljit Singh Boparai, Rupinder Singh and Harwinder Singh
In this study the friction and wear behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts fabricated with composite material and acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS) material…
Abstract
Purpose
In this study the friction and wear behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts fabricated with composite material and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material feedstock filament were realized and compared under dry sliding conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
The tests were performed by applying the load of 5, 10, 15 and 20 N with sliding velocity of 0.63 m/s for the duration of 5 and 10 min at room temperature.
Findings
The results highlight various wear mechanisms such as adhesion, abrasion and fatigue during the investigation. It was observed that the wear volume, friction force, friction co-efficient and temperature were sensitive to the applied load and time duration. The composite material showed a remarkable improvement in wear properties as compared to the ABS material.
Research limitations/implications
The investigations reported in the present research work is based on comparative analysis (of composite material and ABS material feedstock filament). The results may be different in practical applications because of different operating conditions.
Practical implications
The parts fabricated with proposed composite material feedstock filament are highly wear resistant than basic ABS filament. This may lead to the development of better wear resistance components for numerous field applications.
Originality/value
The potential of this research work is to fabricate FDM parts with composite material feedstock filament to cater need of wear resistant industrial components.
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Kamaljit Singh Boparai, Rupinder Singh and Harwinder Singh
The purpose of this paper is to fabricate Nylon6-Al-Al2O3-based alternative fused deposition modeling process (FDM) feedstock filament in place of commercial acrylonitrile…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to fabricate Nylon6-Al-Al2O3-based alternative fused deposition modeling process (FDM) feedstock filament in place of commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament (having required rheological and mechanical properties) for rapid manufacturing (RM) and rapid tooling (RT) applications. The detailed steps for fabrication of alternative FDM feedstock filament (as per field application) with relatively low manufacturing cost and tailor-made properties have been highlighted.
Design/methodology/approach
The rheological and mechanical suitability of nylon6-Al-Al2O3 feedstock filament has been investigated experimentally. The approach is to predict and incorporate essential properties such as flow rate, flexibility, stiffness and mechanical strength at processing conditions and compared with commercial ABS material. The proportions of various constituents have been varied to modify and improve rheological behavior and mechanical properties of alternative FDM feedstock filament.
Findings
The alternative material of feed stock filament was successfully developed and loaded in commercial FDM setup without changing any hardware and software. The result of study suggests that the newly developed composite material filament has relatively poor mechanical properties but have highly thermal stability and wear resistant as compared to ABS filament and hence can be used for tailor-made applications.
Research limitations/implications
In this work, no additive was added for improving the bond formation of metal and polymeric materials. The newly developed filament was prepared on single screw extruder. For more uniform mixing of metal and polymeric materials, further studies may be conducted on twin screw extruder. Also, for the present research work, the testing of newly developed filament has been limited up to mechanical testing, which may be extended to chemical and thermal analysis to understand thermal stability and degradation mechanism of newly developed composite material.
Practical implications
The proportion of filler material (Al-Al2O3) in Nylon6 matrix was set as a constraint, which was adjusted based upon melt flow index of original equipment manufacturer developed material (ABS), and temperature conditions were available at FDM nozzle (so that hardware and software system of commercial FDM setup need not to be altered).
Originality/value
The present approach outlined selection, processing, fabrication and testing procedure for alternate feedstock filament, which fulfills the necessary requirements of FDM process and has been customized for RT and RM applications. This work highlights mechanical strength evaluation of feedstock filament (which is necessary before the loading of material in FDM system). The potential applications of this investigation include RM of functional parts, tailor-made grinding tools for dentists and RT of metal matrix composite having complex geometry.
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Kamaljit Singh Boparai, Rupinder Singh and Harwinder Singh
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process parameters of a single-screw extruder for development of Nylon6-Al-Al2O3-based alternative fused deposition modeling…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process parameters of a single-screw extruder for development of Nylon6-Al-Al2O3-based alternative fused deposition modeling process (FDM) feedstock filament (in lieu of commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene filament). The effect of major screw extruder parameters on the tensile strength of fabricated filaments has also been analyzed.
Design/methodology/approach
The Taguchi experimental log has been designed for investigating the significance of input parameters of screw extruders (such as mean barrel temperature, die temperature, screw speed, material composition and speed of take up unit) on the tensile strength of fabricated filaments. The suitability of alternative material as an FDM filament has been verified by rheological investigations. The tensile strength of an alternative feedstock filament has been investigated experimentally according to the ASTM-638 standard. The analysis was performed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method with the help of MINITAB 17 software. The stiffness of the FDM printed parts with nine different feedstock filaments (prepared by selecting nine different combinations of analytical parameters) was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
Findings
The tensile strength of the feedstock filament was significantly affected by the variation of major input parameters during the processing of alternative material on a single-screw extruder. The ANOVA shows that two process parameters (namely, material composition and die temperature) were significant at the 5 per cent level (“F” value 41 and 21.96, respectively) and remaining two (mean barrel temperature and screw speed) were insignificant at the 5 per cent level. Further, a linear regression model has been developed to predict the tensile strength of the alternative feedstock FDM filament. The results highlight that a deviation of <1 per cent was observed (in the tensile strength of nine sets of experimental runs) as compared to the predicted values of the regression model. In addition to above, the DMA result also indicates that the filament fabricated with optimum combination of parameters has highest stiffness and is more suitable for the FDM system.
Research limitations/implications
During the processing of alternative material in a single-screw extruder and FDM system, the increase of filler contents adversely affects the contact surfaces.
Practical implications
The FDM parts with customized properties (viz., thermal and tribological) can be fabricated with alternative feedstock filament material.
Originality/value
The potential to consider alternative filament material for FDM system includes rapid manufacturing of functional parts, tailor-made grinding tools for dentists and rapid tooling of metal matrix composites having complex geometry.
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Alison H. Parker, Jen A. Smith, Tania Verdemato, Jeanette Cooke, James Webster and Richard C. Carter
Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and…
Abstract
Purpose
Effective menstrual management is essential for the mental and physical well being of women. However, many women in low-income countries lack access to the materials and facilities required. They are thus restricted in their activities whilst menstruating thus compromising their education, income and domestic responsibilities. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
This study describes the menstrual management challenges faced by women in an emergency situation in Uganda. Totally, 50 interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with women from villages, internally displaced person (IDP) camps and schools so that the menstrual management of the host population could be compared with the IDPs.
Findings
This study showed that in IDP camps there was a significant lack of materials including soap, underpants and absorbing cloth, and facilities like latrines and bathing shelters. As a consequence women in IDP camps suffer with poor health and diminished dignity. There is also a lack of education about menstruation and reproductive health and practices are strongly influenced by cultural taboos.
Originality/value
This is the first time that the menstrual management of women in IDP or refugee camps has been studied.