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Examines the effect of pollution along the agriculture highway between Cairo and Alexandria. Different samples of water, soil and plants (clover) were collected from nine variable locations along this highway. Results obtained revealed that the influence of lead precipitating from the atmosphere directly reflects the lead content of soil. Concentration of metals so far did not show any great significant effect.

Deals with a study of the mineralogical and organic components of the monthly dust‐fall deposited over Al Ain city, some 150km east of Abu Dhabi and 130km south‐east of Dubai. The identification of the mineralogical and organic composition was carried out by means of infra‐red spectroscopy. This study reveals that the principal constituents of dustfall, over the studied city are calcite, gypsum, kaolinite, quartz, hematite, alkanes and phosphines. The sources of these constituents are attributed to local controls, both natural and man‐induced

Investigates the characterization of cement dust collected by electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters to study its ability to be used as a concrete material. The study includes 26 cement dust samples collected from different points on dry process lines in four of the major cement plants in the United Arab Emirates. The collected samples were subjected to detailed physical tests and chemical analyses. Results obtained were compared with the British Standard Specifications set for ordinary Portland cement. Finds that eight samples show comparable physical properties and chemical as well as mineral composition.

Indoor biocontamination is recognized as a potential public health problem. The concentration of indoor pollutants is varied, depending on air filtration, air distribution systems and air cleaning devices. One portable air cleaning device, “Ionizer Air clean‐er/Air clinic” was investigated. The ability of particles to remain airborne or pass through filters depends on the size and density of particles. Air clinic device removed bacterial and mould contaminants in efficiencies up to 98.7 per cent and 67 per cent respectively, after 30 minutes of operation. After purification, Penicilliumspecies were predominant. Small particles (≤q4μm) are passed through filter mates. The negative ions produced by the device are effective for removing suspended particulates in efficiency up to 99 per cent. The disadvantages of this device are: the need to change the filter after short period of operation, and the unpleasant odour emitted from the device during operation due to ionization of particles.

This paper seeks to understand the role of financial accounting regulations in a less developed country in transition, Egypt. It explores the social, political as well as economic contexts that underlie the processes of setting the Egyptian Financial Accounting Regulations (EFAR) in a harmony with International Accounting Standards (IASs).

The paper is based on in‐depth interviews and an analysis of documents. It relies on Habermas' notions of society's lifeworld, institutional steering mechanisms and systems in order to link the changes in EFAR to the changes in the wider social, political and economic contexts wherein organizations operate. The paper also explores the role of EFAR, as “regulative” or “constitutive” steering mechanisms, throughout two longitudinal episodes; starting with the beginning of socialism and extending to liberalism.

The paper finds that the EFAR have had a constitutive tendency during the Egyptian transformation towards a market‐based economy. Although there are remarkable changes in political philosophy in Egypt, the regulators' motivations and the processes of the accountancy profession that mobilized the formulation of EFAR in harmony with IASs, those regulations were acted upon to constitute organizational members' values, norms and knowledge in order to overcome the persistence of the socialist accounting practices. The regulations were also aimed at enhancing professional conduct and, at same time, increasing organizational members' adherence to the processes of privatization as a part of a wider movement towards transparency, democracy, full disclosure and liberalisation.

The paper emphasises the interface between a macro social transformation and micro organizational responses in order to understand the role of EFAR. However, it does not stress how the actual implementation of those regulations is implicated at a micro organizational change level. Furthermore, the paper covers a timeframe – 1952 to 2000 – that extends from the start of socialism extending to liberalism. Although the IASs are now known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the paper covers a period in which such IFRS were not applicable in Egypt.

The paper contributes to the understanding of the social, political as well as economic role(s) of financial accounting regulations in a transitional country during that country's transformation towards the market economy.

This study aims to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives, 2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-1,3-di-[o-nitriyl]-2,4-di-[N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]-1,3,2,4- diazadiphosphetidine(H2L) ligand and their Fe(III) and Ag(I) metal complexes as insecticides for protective coatings.

The substitutes of cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonomide and their Fe(III), Ag(I) metal complexes were prepared and confirmed by a combination of elemental analyses, mass spectra, conductivity measurement-vis, FTIR, 1H,13C-NMR TGA, XRD and Docking investigation of the ligand and some complexes to verify their drug ability. The prepared compounds have been incorporated with a polyurethane (PU) coating formula. Gloss, scratch resistance, flexibility and adhesion are some of the coating attributes investigated; mechanical capabilities include impact resistance and shore hardness and physicochemical properties such as chemical resistance of coated PU samples are also investigated.

The results of the experiments revealed that all PU coatings based on the prepared compounds had good scratch resistance which varied from >1.8 to >2.2 kg. Gloss value varied from 85 to 95 and impact resistance from 1.4 to 2.0 (J), whereas the authors noticed that there was no effect of the prepared compounds in the flexibility and adhesion test. These PU coatings have excellent chemical resistance except the alkali resistance. Insecticide activities of the prepared compounds are promising for resistance to these insects. It was noticed that, metal complex > incorporated PU with Fe (III) metal complex > incorporated PU with ligand.

Insecticide paints based on cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonamide and their Fe(III), Ag(I) metal complexes as insecticide agents are novel.