Chandra R. Bhat and Naveen Eluru
Many consumer choice situations are characterized by the simultaneous demand for multiple alternatives that are imperfect substitutes for one another. A simple and parsimonious…
Abstract
Many consumer choice situations are characterized by the simultaneous demand for multiple alternatives that are imperfect substitutes for one another. A simple and parsimonious multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) econometric approach to handle such multiple discreteness was formulated by Bhat (2005) within the broader Kuhn–Tucker (KT) multiple discrete-continuous economic consumer demand model of Wales and Woodland (1983). In this chapter, the focus is on presenting the basic MDCEV model structure, discussing its estimation and use in prediction, formulating extensions of the basic MDCEV structure, and presenting applications of the model. The paper examines several issues associated with the MDCEV model and other extant KT multiple discrete-continuous models. Specifically, the paper discusses the utility function form that enables clarity in the role of each parameter in the utility specification, presents identification considerations associated with both the utility functional form as well as the stochastic nature of the utility specification, extends the MDCEV model to the case of price variation across goods and to general error covariance structures, discusses the relationship between earlier KT-based multiple discrete-continuous models, and illustrates the many technical nuances and identification considerations of the multiple discrete-continuous model structure. Finally, we discuss the many applications of MDCEV model and its extensions in various fields.
S. Guruviah and K.S. Rajagopalan
Use of aluminium is coming into vogue in the canning industry. However, the very much higher cost of aluminium than tin plate inhibits the scope for substitution of tin plate by…
Abstract
Use of aluminium is coming into vogue in the canning industry. However, the very much higher cost of aluminium than tin plate inhibits the scope for substitution of tin plate by aluminium. It is therefore of interest to examine whether steel coated with aluminium by any of the known methods is suitable for manufacture of containers for canned products. Aluminium‐coated steel can be considered only if the coating has a more negative potential than the base metal. In a study of the behaviour of sprayed aluminium coatings on mild steel in sodium chloride solutions at different pHs, Ross has pointed out that sprayed aluminium (99.5%) is more negative than steel in neutral and alkaline solutions. In this paper, the potential relationships between steel, steel sprayed with aluminium, and aluminised steel in some organic acids commonly present in food stuffs are discussed.
S. Guruviah, M. Sundaram, C. Rajagopal and K.S. Rajagopalan
It is shown that complete derusting of structural steel is not necessary if rust converter which can convert adherent rust into a protective coating is used. The performance of…
Abstract
It is shown that complete derusting of structural steel is not necessary if rust converter which can convert adherent rust into a protective coating is used. The performance of the rust converter developed by the authors is described in this paper.
R. Seshadri, P.L. Annamalai and K.S. Rajagopalan
Steel, stainless steel, clad steel, and aluminium are used in the transport and handling of chlorosulphonic acid, which is used as a sulphonating agent in the manufacture of…
Abstract
Steel, stainless steel, clad steel, and aluminium are used in the transport and handling of chlorosulphonic acid, which is used as a sulphonating agent in the manufacture of synthetic drugs and as a warfare chemical. The choice of the appropriate material of construction for tank wagons and handling equipment depends upon the rate of corrosion of these materials in chlorosulphonic acid. Experiments show that corrosion can vary widely depending upon the percentage of chlorosulphonic acid present.
M.N. Desai, S.M. Desai, M.H. Gandhi and C.B. Shah
This concluding part reviews the actions of inhibitors to acidic, ammonical, organic, atmospheric and miscellaneous product corrosion on aluminium. The comprehensive reference…
Abstract
This concluding part reviews the actions of inhibitors to acidic, ammonical, organic, atmospheric and miscellaneous product corrosion on aluminium. The comprehensive reference list is also concluded.
K. Venu, N. Subramanyan and K.S.G. Doss
In a critical range of concentrations of chloride ions in sodium hydroxide solutions, mild steel can be anodically polarised, but the polarised state cannot be maintained. It is…
Abstract
In a critical range of concentrations of chloride ions in sodium hydroxide solutions, mild steel can be anodically polarised, but the polarised state cannot be maintained. It is, however, found that the polarised state can be restored by cutting off the current for a minimum amount of time or by substituting a purely inhibitive solution for the original corrosive solution. The anodic potential accelerates the depassivation caused by chloride ions. It has been observed that cathodic polarisation is only as effective as interruption of the anodic current in restoring the polarised state. The results are discussed in relation to the occurrence of depassivation at a few random spots, and the significance of the results is pointed out from the point of view of the technique for finding out the corrosive or inhibitive character of an environment.
D.M. Bastidas, E. Cano and E.M. Mora
To provide a selective bibliography for graduate students and new faculty members with sources which can help them develop their academic career.
Abstract
Purpose
To provide a selective bibliography for graduate students and new faculty members with sources which can help them develop their academic career.
Design/methodology/approach
A range of published (1951‐2004) works, which aim to discuss the main parameters of the volatile corrosion inhibition process. The sources are sorted into sections: transport of the volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) to the metallic surface, vapour pressure of a VCI, dependence of vapour pressure upon temperature, effect of pH on VCI behaviour, formation and destruction of adsorbed films, and volatile corrosion inhibitor monitors (VCIM).
Findings
Provides information about each source, indicating what can be found there and how the information can help. Recognises the lack of real training of many academics before they are expected to take on teaching/researching duties and finds some texts which help.
Research limitations/implications
It is not an exhaustive list and apart from several UK and US books all the rest are EU and US publications which perhaps limits its usefulness elsewhere.
Practical implications
A very useful list of the most common compounds used as VCIs is reported.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified information/resources need and offers practical help to an individual starting out on and academic career and to professional with some experience on corrosion inhibition.
Details
Keywords
GERMANY Preparing metal surfaces with liquid jets A comparative newcomer among the many conventional methods of surface treatment and finishing is the technique of using liquid…
Abstract
GERMANY Preparing metal surfaces with liquid jets A comparative newcomer among the many conventional methods of surface treatment and finishing is the technique of using liquid jets. A method designed to permit multi‐purpose surface treatment in a single series of operations has been developed in Switzerland and is described in Technisclie Zeitschrift für praktische Metalbearbeitung (No. 5, 1964) by O. Burnand, Lausanne.
Benzotriazole is a specific corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys. It is now widely used in industry to reduce the corrosion of these alloys under both atmospheric and…
Abstract
Benzotriazole is a specific corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys. It is now widely used in industry to reduce the corrosion of these alloys under both atmospheric and immersed conditions. Corrosion of copper may produce a surface stain or tarnish, pitting of surfaces of pipes or promote pitting of other metals, such as aluminium, which are in contact with dissolved copper in the water. Benzotriazole is used to reduce these forms of attack and the methods by which it is applied are discussed in this paper.
Inder Singh, P. Sabita and V.A. Altekar
Silver has been known to mankind from time immemorial. It was one of the prized possessions of kings and nobles. From earliest times, it has been known for its intimate…
Abstract
Silver has been known to mankind from time immemorial. It was one of the prized possessions of kings and nobles. From earliest times, it has been known for its intimate association with (i) monetary system, (ii) use as a silverware for household purposes and (iii) beauty and elegance when shaped into ornaments. Now, an increased understanding of the properties of silver results in its application in the rapidly developing technologies, namely communications, electronics, space explorations, etc.