N. Radhika, S. Babudeva Senapathi, R. Subramaniam, Rahul Subramany and K.N. Vishnu
The purpose of this paper is surface roughness prediction using pattern recognition for the aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is surface roughness prediction using pattern recognition for the aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC).
Design/methodology/approach
Hybrid composites were manufactured using liquid metallurgy technique. The cast HMMC was machined using an industrial CNC turning centre and the machining vibration signals were acquired using an accelerometer. The acquired signals were processed and used to build a machine learning model for predicting surface finish based on the tool signature.
Findings
The authors established a technique for predicting and monitoring the surface quality during machining using a low cost accelerometer. It is capable of being integrated with the machine controller for online warning of deviations in surface roughness. The system is reconfigurable for any machining condition with a very short training period. The use of this model facilitates online surface roughness monitoring, avoiding the need for costly measuring equipment.
Originality/value
The model developed is innovative and not reported widely to the best of the authors' knowledge. The use of accelerometer‐based surface roughness prediction and control is an innovative approach for automation of machining process monitoring. These can be integrated into any existing machining centre as a standalone system or can be integrated into the CNC controller like Fanuc or Siemens.
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Abdelhalim Ebaid, Abdulrahman F. Aljohani and Emad H. Aly
This paper aims to investigate the impacts of the gold nanoparticles on the peristaltic flow and heat transfer of blood in the presence of heat source. This element has been…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impacts of the gold nanoparticles on the peristaltic flow and heat transfer of blood in the presence of heat source. This element has been chosen because on comparing with the other common nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles are preferred due to their unique properties in absorbing the temperature when a heat source exists.
Design/methodology/approach
On simplifying the governing equations under the assumption of long-wavelength and low-Reynolds number approximations, the resulted system has been solved by applying the homotopy perturbation method. Then, detailed physical discussion has been introduced through several plots while focusing on the consequences of the current results on the treatment of cancer.
Findings
The present results revealed that the heat source has a great effect on the blood velocity, blood temperature and concentration of the gold nanoparticles within the artery/vein cavity when represented as asymmetric channel. Moreover, the accuracy of the current solutions was validated through several plots of the remainder error for each studied phenomenon.
Originality/value
The current idea gives some light on the attempts of using the gold nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer and therefore may lead to possible applications for diagnosis/therapy of the human cancer. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is novel, very efficient and applicable.
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K. Suneetha, S.M. Ibrahim and G.V. Ramana Reddy
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady 2D buoyancy effects on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet through porous medium in the presence of suction/injection.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady 2D buoyancy effects on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet through porous medium in the presence of suction/injection.
Design/methodology/approach
Similarity transformations are employed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by a shooting technique.
Findings
The working fluid is examined for several sundry parameters graphically and in tabular form. It is observed that with an increase in magnetic field and permeability of porous parameter, velocity profile decreases while temperature and concentration enhances. Stretching sheet parameter reduces velocity, temperature and concentration, whereas it increases skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.
Originality/value
Till now no numerical studies are reported on the effects of heat source and thermal radiation on MHD flow over a permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction.
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Veena Suresh, Ram Fishman, Johanna Sophie von Lieres and Bhavani R. Rao
The purpose of the study is to understand what impact the first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 had on the income and food security of rural households in India and whether it differed…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to understand what impact the first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 had on the income and food security of rural households in India and whether it differed across socioeconomic factors. Moreover, the study assesses the needs of rural households and determines whether they had received adequate support services during the lockdown.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a repeated-measures quantitative survey design with 1,319 rural women from 16 states of India and conducted a telephonic survey.
Findings
The lockdown had directly impacted rural households' employment status and income but the impact differed depending on the type of employment. For example, working in a salaried job or on one's farm led to a lower likelihood of a complete decline in income in states other than Kerala as the lockdown continued. The study also revealed a change in the pattern of food consumption, with higher consumption of subsidized staple foods. It also became evident that the aid announced by the government reached the rural population with some delay.
Research limitations/implications
A limitation of the study was that many respondents refused to participate in phase 2, which reduced the sample size when comparing the two phases because the women did not own mobile phones. Instead, they were using their husbands' phones.
Originality/value
The study's findings can help better understand the needs of rural populations during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This can help to plan better and build preventive actions for such populations once their needs are understood. In addition, this can aid disadvantaged people for a minimal level of preparedness and security during such a crisis in the future.
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Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, Vishnu Narayan Mishra and Cemil Tunç
This study focuses on investigating the numerical solution of second-kind nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations (NVFHIEs) by discretization technique. The…
Abstract
Purpose
This study focuses on investigating the numerical solution of second-kind nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm–Hammerstein integral equations (NVFHIEs) by discretization technique. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient and accurate method for solving NVFHIEs, which are crucial for modeling systems with memory and cumulative effects, integrating past and present influences with nonlinear interactions. They are widely applied in control theory, population dynamics and physics. These equations are essential for solving complex real-world problems.
Design/methodology/approach
Demonstrating the solution’s existence and uniqueness in the equation is accomplished by using the Picard iterative method as a key technique. Using the trapezoidal discretization method is the chosen approach for numerically approximating the solution, yielding a nonlinear system of algebraic equations. The trapezoidal method (TM) exhibits quadratic convergence to the solution, supported by the application of a discrete Grönwall inequality. A novel Grönwall inequality is introduced to demonstrate the convergence of the considered method. This approach enables a detailed analysis of the equation’s behavior and facilitates the development of a robust solution method.
Findings
The numerical results conclusively show that the proposed method is highly efficacious in solving NVFHIEs, significantly reducing computational effort. Numerical examples and comparisons underscore the method’s practicality, effectiveness and reliability, confirming its outstanding performance compared to the referenced method.
Originality/value
Unlike existing approaches that rely on a combination of methods to tackle different aspects of the complex problems, especially nonlinear integral equations, the current approach presents a significant single-method solution, providing a comprehensive approach to solving the entire problem. Furthermore, the present work introduces the first numerical approaches for the considered integral equation, which has not been previously explored in the existing literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the work is the first to address this equation, providing a foundational contribution for future research and applications. This innovative strategy not only simplifies the computational process but also offers a more comprehensive understanding of the problem’s dynamics.
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A. Hussain Lal, Vishnu K.R., A. Noorul Haq and Jeyapaul R.
The purpose of this paper is to minimize the mean flow time in open shop scheduling problem (OSSP). The scheduling problems consist of n jobs and m machines, in which each job has…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to minimize the mean flow time in open shop scheduling problem (OSSP). The scheduling problems consist of n jobs and m machines, in which each job has O operations. The processing time for 50 OSSP was generated using a linear congruential random number.
Design/methodology/approach
Different evolutionary algorithms are used to minimize the mean flow time of OSSP. This research study used simulated annealing (SA), Discrete Firefly Algorithm and a Hybrid Firefly Algorithm with SA. These methods are referred as A1, A2 and A3, respectively.
Findings
A comparison of the results obtained from the three methods shows that the Hybrid Firefly Algorithm with SA (A3) gives the best mean flow time for 76 percent instances. Also, it has been observed that as the number of jobs increases, the chances of getting better results also increased. Among the first 25 problems (i.e. job ranging from 3 to 7), A3 gave the best results for 13 instances, i.e., for 52 percent of the first 25 instances. While for the last 25 problems (i.e. Job ranging from 8 to 12), A3 gave the best results for all 25 instances, i.e. for 100 percent of the problems.
Originality/value
From the literature it has been observed that no researchers have attempted to solve OOSPs using Firefly Algorithm (FA). In this research work an attempt has been made to apply the FA and its hybridization to solve OSSP. Also the research work carried out in this paper can also be applied for a real-time Industrial problem.
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Inorganic pigments have been widely investigated due to their chemical stability such as resistance to chemical attacks by acids and alkalis, excellent hardness and high…
Abstract
Purpose
Inorganic pigments have been widely investigated due to their chemical stability such as resistance to chemical attacks by acids and alkalis, excellent hardness and high temperature stability. Cr1.3Fe0.7O3 which is considered as a ceramic nanopigment also seems to be a highly efficient photovoltaic material. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work, the paper reports the synthesis of a novel and high purity Cr1.3Fe0.7O3 nanopigment via sol-gel process using stearic acid as complexing agent. The method includes formation of an organic precursor with metallic cations homogeneously distributed all over the matrix. Sample characterisations were performed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, UV-vis diffused reflectance spectra and photoluminescence. The transport properties and colour characteristics were also investigated by spectroscopic and technological characterisation of the synthesised nanoparticles.
Findings
The prepared nanopigments were uniform in distribution and a spherical morphology with an average size of about 200 nm was observed. Cr1.3Fe0.7O3 nanoparticles showed a direct band gap value of 2.85 eV and the colour efficiency of the nanopigments evaluated by colourimetric analysis resulted characteristic values of L*=39.96, a*=3.67 and b*=3.12.
Originality/value
This method for synthesis of nanopigments is novel and could be employed for various applications in synthesis of wide variety of nanoceramics.
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Swati Mohapatra and J.K. Pattanayak
This study aims to empirically investigate the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and corporate performance (CP), including financial, market and sustainability…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and corporate performance (CP), including financial, market and sustainability performance. The research also investigates the mediating role of earnings management practices (EM) in the IC and CP relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The empirical connection between IC and CP for 795 nonfinancial listed Indian firms is examined for 17 years using industry and year-fixed effect panel regression models. The research has also used Baron and Kenny’s four-step model to examine the role of EM as a mediator between IC and CP.
Findings
IC plays a crucial part in improving the financial, market and sustainability performance of Indian firms. The empirical findings further claim that EM practices partially mediate the connection between IC and CP. However, the mediation effect of EM depends on its magnitude and direction, i.e. income-increasing (decreasing) EM practices. The study also claims that sustainability performance-oriented firms practice less EM.
Research limitations/implications
Managers and policymakers can use the findings of this study to their advantage by focusing on the significance of IC in the Indian context and their efforts to improve financial, market and sustainability performance while limiting earnings management practices.
Originality/value
The research uncovers a novel facet of the IC–CP relationship where EM mediates between the two. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the impact of IC on CP through the lens of mediation using both accrual and real earnings management.
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Patricia Ahmed, Rebecca Jean Emigh and Dylan Riley
A “state-driven” approach suggests that colonists use census categories to rule. However, a “society-driven” approach suggests that this state-driven perspective confers too much…
Abstract
A “state-driven” approach suggests that colonists use census categories to rule. However, a “society-driven” approach suggests that this state-driven perspective confers too much power upon states. A third approach views census-taking and official categorization as a product of state–society interaction that depends upon: (a) the population's lay categories, (b) information intellectuals' ability to take up and transform these lay categories, and (c) the balance of power between social and state actors. We evaluate the above positions by analyzing official records, key texts, travelogues, and statistical memoirs from three key periods in India: Indus Valley civilization through classical Gupta rule (ca. 3300 BCE–700 CE), the “medieval” period (ca. 700–1700 CE), and East India Company (EIC) rule (1757–1857 CE), using historical narrative. We show that information gathering early in the first period was society driven; however, over time, a strong interactive pattern emerged. Scribes (information intellectuals) increased their social status and power (thus, shifting the balance of power) by drawing on caste categories (lay categories) and incorporating them into official information gathering. This intensification of interactive information gathering allowed the Mughals, the EIC, and finally British direct rule officials to collect large quantities of information. Our evidence thus suggests that the intensification of state–society interactions over time laid the groundwork for the success of the direct rule British censuses. It also suggests that any transformative effect of these censuses lay in this interactive pattern, not in the strength of the British colonial state.
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Kalyan Sagar Kadali, Moorthy Veeraswamy, Marimuthu Ponnusamy and Viswanatha Rao Jawalkar
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the cost-effective and environmentally sustainable operation of thermal power systems to allocate optimum active power generation…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the cost-effective and environmentally sustainable operation of thermal power systems to allocate optimum active power generation resultant for a feasible solution in diverse load patterns using the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
The economic dispatch problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization subjected to several operational and practical constraints. A normalized price penalty factor approach is used to convert these objectives into a single one. The GWO algorithm is adopted as an optimization tool in which the exploration and exploitation process in search space is carried through encircling, hunting and attacking.
Findings
A linear interpolated price penalty model is developed based on simple analytical geometry equations that perfectly blend two non-commensurable objectives. The desired GWO algorithm reports a new optimum thermal generation schedule for a feasible solution for different operational strategies. These are better than the earlier reports regarding solution quality.
Practical implications
The proposed method seems to be a promising optimization tool for the utilities, thereby modifying their operating strategies to generate electricity at minimum energy cost and pollution levels. Thus, a strategic balance is derived among economic development, energy cost and environmental sustainability.
Originality/value
A single optimization tool is used in both quadratic and non-convex cost characteristics thermal modal. The GWO algorithm has discovered the best, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable generation dispatch.