This paper aims to investigate how consumers adjust their price expectations for brands in response to previously encountered prices. The effects of two distinct components of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how consumers adjust their price expectations for brands in response to previously encountered prices. The effects of two distinct components of price history, focal and contextual, are examined. The focal component represents the role of a brand's own previous price(s) in determining future price expectations. In contrast, the contextual component represents the impact of the prices of previously considered competing brands.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 60 subjects were enrolled to participate in a longitudinal, quantitative, survey‐based study that required them to provide information on brand perceptions, price expectations, brand consideration and choice.
Findings
Empirical comparison of several model formulations confirms that both components are crucial in explaining how consumers adjust their price expectations in response to the prices of considered brands. Consistent with a wide body of research, a brand's own previous price exerts the greatest influence on price expectations. However, the extent to which contextual prices are assimilated depends on the composition of consumers' consideration sets. Avenues for future research and implications for brand pricing and positioning are discussed.
Originality/value
The results offer several unique perspectives that stand out from (and build further on) previous research. First, although previous research has examined the effects of competing brands' current prices on brand choices, it has not incorporated the prices of competing brands that may have been observed on previous shopping occasions. Second, measures and assesses the perceived variability within the consumers' consideration sets influences the impact of the contextual component on a brand's current reference price.
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Steven B. Scyphers and Susannah B. Lerman
Climate change is a global threat to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In an increasingly urbanized world, homeowners play an important role in climate…
Abstract
Purpose
Climate change is a global threat to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. In an increasingly urbanized world, homeowners play an important role in climate adaptation and environmental sustainability through decisions to landscape and manage their residential properties.
Methodology/approach
In this chapter, we review the potential impacts of climate change on environmental sustainability in urban ecosystems and highlight the role of urban and suburban residents in conserving biodiversity. We focus extensively on the interactions of homeowners and residential landscapes in urban coastal and desert environments.
Practical implications
Understanding how human-environment interactions are linked with a changing climate is especially relevant for coastal and desert cities in the United States, which are already experiencing visible impacts of climate change. In fact, many homeowners are already making decisions in response to environmental change, and these decisions will ultimately shape the future structure, function and sustainability of these critically important ecosystems.
Social implications
Considering the close relationship between biodiversity and the health and well-being of human societies, understanding how climate change and other social motivations affect the landscaping decisions of urban residents will be critical for predicting and enhancing sustainability in these social-ecological systems.
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N. Rajendran, K. Ravichandran and S. Rajeswari
Sulphur dioxide, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is a major concern with the increasing use of coal as a combustion fuel in thermal power plants. Numerous efforts were made…
Abstract
Sulphur dioxide, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is a major concern with the increasing use of coal as a combustion fuel in thermal power plants. Numerous efforts were made through these years to minimize the emission of sulphur dioxide and one such effort is the desulphurization of the flue gas generated during combustion, commonly termed as flue gas desulphurization (FGD). However, the materials of construction used for FGD systems, usually of type 316L stainless steel were reported to be failed due to the localized corrosion attack by the aggressiveness of the environment, mainly of chloride, fluoride, acidity and temperature encountered during the scrubbing of SO2.
N. Rajendran, K. Ravichandran and S. Rajeswari
The emission of sulphur dioxide, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is the major problem with the increasing use of coal as a fuel in various industries. A variety of methods in…
Abstract
The emission of sulphur dioxide, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is the major problem with the increasing use of coal as a fuel in various industries. A variety of methods in minimizing the sulphur dioxide emission have been reported, among which the desulphurization of the flue gas generated by combustion of the coal receives much attention and it is termed as flue gas desulphurization (FGD).
The emission of SO2, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is the major problem with increasing the use of coal as fuel in various industries, particularly in thermal power plants. A…
Abstract
The emission of SO2, a dangerous atmospheric pollutant, is the major problem with increasing the use of coal as fuel in various industries, particularly in thermal power plants. A variety of methods for minimizing the SO2 emission have been reported in the literature, among which the desulphurization of the flue gas, generated by combustion of coal receives much attention and is termed as flue gas desulphurization (FGD). FGD scrubbers have found widespread use in thermal power plants, smelters, incinerators and various refining operations. The scrubber parts must resist corrosion from solution which have a varying degree of acidity and erosion, besides containing substantial concentrations of chlorides and SO2, and the unfavourable conditions of fluctuations in temperature. The currently‐used type 316L stainless steel material in many FGD installations, were reported to have failed, due to the localized corrosion attack by the aggressiveness of the environment encountered during scrubbing of SO2. Normally, the improvement in corrosion performance of the construction materials can be achieved by:
This chapter sheds light on the ‘country of origin’ concept. The author contends that this concept is composed of micro- and macro-components. He argues that the tourists’ hedonic…
Abstract
This chapter sheds light on the ‘country of origin’ concept. The author contends that this concept is composed of micro- and macro-components. He argues that the tourists’ hedonic and monetary gratifications are derived from the travel experiences. Therefore, the country-of-origin image (COI) can have an impact on the destination’s brand extension. In this light, this contribution examines the relationship among COI, overall brand equity and brand extension. The author implies that the hedonic and monetary values can have a moderating effect on the impact of COI and on destination brand extension.
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Country‐of‐origin research has concentrated on the examination ofconsumer product perceptions or attitudes towards products made indifferent countries based on a variety of…
Abstract
Country‐of‐origin research has concentrated on the examination of consumer product perceptions or attitudes towards products made in different countries based on a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic cues. This research takes a different approach by examining the impact of country of origin, levels of foreign product ownership and consumer′s occupational status on interpersonal perceptions. Since respondents were not asked to engage in direct evaluations of various products of domestic or foreign origins, consumer normative response tendencies should be minimized. This approach also allows the examination of differential effects of country of origin on different consumer segments according to the occupational status.
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Sadrudin A. Ahmed and Alain d'Astous
This article presents the results of a survey of 250 Canadian male consumers. In this study consumer judgements of products made in both highly and newly industrializing countries…
Abstract
This article presents the results of a survey of 250 Canadian male consumers. In this study consumer judgements of products made in both highly and newly industrializing countries were obtained in a multi‐attribute and multidimensional context. The results show that younger and less affluent respondents react more favorably towards products made in newly industrializing East Asian countries. The country‐of‐origin image of East Asian countries is less negative for products that generate a medium level of involvement (e.g., a VCR). This negative image of East Asian countries is attenuated by providing other product‐related information to consumers such as brand name and warranty. East Asian countries are perceived more negatively as countries of design than as countries of parts and assembly. In comparison with products made in highly developed countries, products made in East Asia are perceived to be poorer in terms of performance, quality and originality but more economical.
Shahid N. Bhuian and David Kim
This study examines consumer attitude toward thirteen different marketing mix elements related to the products of the USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and France in Qatar, an…
Abstract
This study examines consumer attitude toward thirteen different marketing mix elements related to the products of the USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and France in Qatar, an oil rich emerging international market. These six countries are the top six exporters to Qatar. A cross section of 98 Qatari consumers participated in the study. The common theme across the seven hypotheses that have been developed and tested is that Qatari consumers prefer most the marketing mix elements related to the products of Japan and the USA, followed by those of Germany and the least preferred ones are those of Italy, the UK, and France. The hypotheses have been partially supported. The marketing mix elements pertaining to Japanese products take the lead. The products of the USA, Germany, and the UK occupy the second position, while the products of Italy and France trail behind all others.
Aron O’Cass and Kenny Lim
This study examines consumer brand associations, focusing on the differences between association held for western brands and eastern brands by young Singaporeans under the…
Abstract
This study examines consumer brand associations, focusing on the differences between association held for western brands and eastern brands by young Singaporeans under the country‐of‐origin umbrella. The study also examines consumer ethnocentric tendencies (CET), finding very low levels of ethnocentrism among respondents, and results indicate CET had no effect on brand preference or purchase intention.